A module that integrates selenium and requests session, encapsulates common page operations.

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Project links

Homepage

Project description

中文说明：https://github.com/g1879/DrissionPage/blob/master/README.zh-cn.md
示例：https://gitee.com/g1879/DrissionPage-demos

Introduction

DrissionPage, a combination of driver and session, is a python- based Web automation operation integration tool.
It achieves seamless switching between selenium and requests.
Therefore, the convenience of selenium and the high efficiency of requests can be balanced.
It integrates the common functions of the page, the API of the two modes is consistent, and it is easy to use.
It uses the POM mode to encapsulate the commonly used methods of page elements, which is very suitable for automatic operation function expansion.
What's even better is that its usage is very concise and user- friendly, with a small amount of code and friendly to novices.

project address:

github - https://github.com/g1879/DrissionPage
gitee - https://gitee.com/g1879/DrissionPage

Demo address: Use DrissionPage to crawl common websites and automation

**Contact Email: ** g1879@qq.com

Concept and background

Idea

Concise, easy to use, extensible

Background

When the requests crawler faces the website to be logged in, it has to analyze data packets and JS source code, construct complex requests, and often has to deal with anti- climbing methods such as verification codes, JS confusion, and signature parameters, which has a high threshold. If the data is generated by JS calculation, the calculation process must be reproduced. The experience is not good and the development efficiency is not high.
Using selenium, these pits can be bypassed to a large extent, but selenium is not efficient. Therefore, this library combines selenium and requests into one, switches the corresponding mode when different needs, and provides a user- friendly method to improve development and operation efficiency.
In addition to merging the two, the library also encapsulates common functions in web pages, simplifies selenium's operations and statements. When used for web page automation, it reduces the consideration of details, focuses on function implementation, and makes it more convenient to use.
Keep everything simple, try to provide simple and direct usage, and be more friendly to novices.

Features

The first pursuit is simple code.
Allow seamless switching between selenium and requests, sharing session.
The two modes provide consistent APIs, and the user experience is consistent.
Humanized page element operation mode, reducing the workload of page analysis and coding.
The common functions are integrated and optimized, which is more in line with actual needs.
Compatible with selenium code to facilitate project migration.
Use POM mode packaging for easy expansion.
A unified file download method makes up for the lack of browser downloads.
Simple configuration method, get rid of tedious browser configuration.

Project structure

Simple demo

Comparison with selenium code

The following code implements exactly the same function, compare the amount of code between the two:

Use explicit waiting to find all elements that contain some text

# Use selenium:
element = WebDriverWait(driver).until(ec.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH,'//*[contains(text(), "some text")]')))

# Use DrissionPage:
element = page('some text')

Jump to the first tab

# Use selenium:
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])

# Use DrissionPage:
page.to_tab(0)

Select drop- down list by text

# Use selenium:
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
select_element = Select(element)
select_element.select_by_visible_text('text')

# Use DrissionPage:
element.select('text')

Drag and drop an element

# Use selenium:
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(ele1, ele2).perform()

# Use DrissionPage:
ele1.drag_to(ele2)

Scroll the window to the bottom (keep the horizontal scroll bar unchanged)

# Use selenium:
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(document.documentElement.scrollLeft, document.body.scrollHeight);")

# Use DrissionPage:
page.scroll_to('bottom')

Set headless mode

# Use selenium:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("- - headless")

# Use DrissionPage:
set_headless()

Get pseudo element content

# Use selenium:
text = webdriver.execute_script('return window.getComputedStyle(arguments[0], "::after").getPropertyValue("content");', element)

# Use DrissionPage:
text = element.after

Get shadow- root

# Use selenium:
shadow_element = webdriver.execute_script('return arguments[0].shadowRoot', element)

# Use DrissionPage:
shadow_element = element.shadow_root

Use xpath to get attributes or nodes

# Use selenium:
The usage is not supported

# Use DrissionPage:
class_name = element('xpath://div[@id="div_id"]/@class')
text = element('xpath://div[@id="div_id"]/text()[2]')

Compare with requests code

The following code implements exactly the same function, compare the amount of code between the two:

Get element content

url ='https://baike.baidu.com/item/python'

# Use requests:
from lxml import etree
headers = {'User- Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2272.118 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
html = etree.HTML(response.text)
element = html.xpath('//h1')[0]
title = element.text

# Use DrissionPage:
page = MixPage('s')
page.get(url)
title = page('tag:h1').text

Tips: DrissionPage comes with default headers

download file

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'
save_path = r'C:\download'

# Use requests:
r = requests.get(url)
with open(f'{save_path}\\img.png','wb') as fd:
   for chunk in r.iter_content():
       fd.write(chunk)

# Use DrissionPage:
page.download(url, save_path,'img')  # Support renaming and handle file name conflicts

Mode switch

Log in to the website with selenium, and then switch to requests to read the web page. Both will share login information.

page = MixPage()  # Create page object, default driver mode
page.get('https://gitee.com/profile')  # Visit the personal center page (not logged in, redirect to the login page)

page.ele('@id:user_login').input('your_user_name')  # Use selenium to enter the account password to log in
page.ele('@id:user_password').input('your_password\n')

page.change_mode()  # Switch to session mode
print('Title after login:', page.title,'\n')  # session mode output after login

Output:

Title after login: Personal Information- Code Cloud Gitee.com

Get and print element attributes

# Connect the previous code
foot = page.ele('@id:footer- left')  # find element by id
first_col = foot.ele('css:>div')  # Use the css selector to find the element in the lower level of the element (the first one)
lnk = first_col.ele('text: Command Learning')  # Use text content to find elements
text = lnk.text  # Get element text
href = lnk.attr('href')  # Get element attribute value

print(text, href,'\n')

# Concise mode series search
text = page('@id:footer- left')('css:>div')('text:command learning').text
print(text)

Output:

Git command learning https://oschina.gitee.io/learn- git- branching/

Git command learning

download file

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'
save_path = r'C:\download'
page.download(url, save_path)

Installation

pip install DrissionPage

Only supports python3.6 and above, and the driver mode currently only supports chrome. To use the driver mode, you must download chrome and corresponding version of chromedriver. [chromedriver download] It has only been tested in the Windows environment.

Instructions

Import module

from DrissionPage import *

Initialization

If you only use session mode, you can skip this section.

Before using selenium, you must configure the path of chrome.exe and chromedriver.exe and ensure that their versions match.

There are three ways to configure the path:

Write two paths to system variables.
Manually pass in the path when in use.
Write the path to the ini file of this library (recommended).

If you choose the third method, please run these lines of code before using this library for the first time and record these two paths in the ini file.

from DrissionPage.easy_set import set_paths
driver_path ='D:\\chrome\\chromedriver.exe'  # Your chromedriver.exe path, optional
chrome_path ='D:\\chrome\\chrome.exe'  # Your chrome.exe path, optional
set_paths(driver_path, chrome_path)

This method also checks whether the chrome and chromedriver versions match, and displays:

The version matches and can be used normally.

# Or

Abnormal:
Message: session not created: Chrome version must be between 70 and 73
  (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.19631 x86_64)
chromedriver download URL: https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads

After passing the check, you can use the driver mode normally.

In addition to the above two paths, this method can also set the following paths:

debugger_address  # Debug browser address, such as: 127.0.0.1:9222
download_path  # Download file path
global_tmp_path  # Temporary folder path
user_data_path  # User data path
cache_path  # cache path

Tips:

Different projects may require different versions of chrome and chromedriver. You can also save multiple ini files and use them as needed.
It is recommended to use the green version of chrome, and manually set the path, to avoid browser upgrades causing mismatch with the chromedriver version.
It is recommended to set the debugger_address when debugging the project and use the manually opened browser to debug, saving time and effort.

Create drive object Drission

The creation step is not necessary. If you want to get started quickly, you can skip this section. The MixPage object will automatically create the object.

Drission objects are used to manage driver and session objects. When multiple pages work together, the Drission object is used to pass the driver, so that multiple page classes can control the same browser or Session object. The configuration information of the ini file can be directly read and created, or the configuration information can be passed in during initialization.

# Created from the default ini file
drission = Drission()

# Created by other ini files
drission = Drission(ini_path ='D:\\settings.ini')

To manually pass in the configuration:

# Create with the incoming configuration information (ignore the ini file)
from DrissionPage.config import DriverOptions

driver_options = DriverOptions()  # Create driver configuration object
driver_options.binary_location ='D:\\chrome\\chrome.exe'  # chrome.exe path
session_options = {'headers': {'User- Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6)'}}
driver_path ='D:\\chrome\\chromedriver.exe'  # driver_path path

drission = Drission(driver_options, session_options, driver_path)  # incoming configuration

Use page object MixPage

The MixPage page object encapsulates common web page operations and realizes the switch between driver and session modes. MixPage must receive a Drission object and use the driver or session in it. If it is not passed in, MixPage will create a Drission by itself (using the configuration of the default ini file).

Tips: When multiple page objects work together, remember to manually create a Drission object and pass it to the page object for use. Otherwise, the page objects will each create their own Drission objects, making the information unable to pass.

Create Object

There are three ways to create objects: simple, passing in Drission objects, and passing in configuration. Can be selected according to actual needs.

# Simple creation method, automatically create Drission objects with ini file default configuration
page = MixPage()
page = MixPage('s')

# Create by passing in the Drission object
page = MixPage(drission)
page = MixPage(drission, mode='s', timeout=5)  # session mode, waiting time is 5 seconds (default 10 seconds)

# Create with incoming configuration information
page = MixPage(driver_options=DriverOption, session_options=SessionOption)  # default d mode

visit website

If there is an error in the connection, the program will automatically retry twice. The number of retries and the waiting interval can be specified.

# Default mode
page.get(url)
page.post(url, data, **kwargs)  # Only session mode has post method

# Specify the number of retries and interval
page.get(url, retry=5, interval=0.5)

Switch mode

Switch between s and d modes, the cookies and the URL you are visiting will be automatically synchronized when switching.

page.change_mode(go=False)  # If go is False, it means that the url is not redirected

Page properties

page.url  # currently visited url
page.mode  # current mode
page.drission  # Dirssion object currently in use
page.driver  # WebDirver object currently in use
page.session  # Session object currently in use
page.cookies  # Get cookies information
page.html  # Page source code
page.title  # Current page title

# d mode unique:
page.tabs_count  # Return the number of tab pages
page.tab_handles  # Return to the handle list of all tabs
page.current_tab_num  # Return the serial number of the current tab page
page.current_tab_handle  # Return to the current tab page handle

Page operation

When calling a method that only belongs to d mode, it will automatically switch to d mode. See APIs for detailed usage.

page.change_mode()  # switch mode
page.cookies_to_session()  # Copy cookies from WebDriver object to Session object
page.cookies_to_driver()  # Copy cookies from Session object to WebDriver object
page.get(url, retry, interval, **kwargs)  # Use get to access the web page, you can specify the number of retries and the interval
page.ele(loc_or_ele, timeout)  # Get the first element, node or attribute that meets the conditions
page.eles(loc_or_ele, timeout)  # Get all eligible elements, nodes or attributes
page.download(url, save_path, rename, file_exists, **kwargs)  # download file
page.close_driver()  # Close the WebDriver object
page.close_session()  # Close the Session object

# s mode unique:
page.post(url, data, retry, interval, **kwargs)  # To access the webpage in post mode, you can specify the number of retries and the interval

# d mode unique:
page.wait_ele(loc_or_ele, mode, timeout)  # Wait for the element to be deleted, displayed, and hidden from the dom
page.run_script(js, *args)  # Run js statement
page.create_tab(url)  # Create and locate a tab page, which is at the end
page.to_tab(num_or_handle)  # Jump to tab page
page.close_current_tab()  # Close the current tab page
page.close_other_tabs(num)  # Close other tabs
page.to_iframe(iframe)  # cut into iframe
page.screenshot(path)  # Page screenshot
page.scrool_to_see(element)  # Scroll until an element is visible
page.scroll_to(mode, pixel)  # Scroll the page as indicated by the parameter, and the scroll direction is optional:'top','bottom','rightmost','leftmost','up','down','left', ' right'
page.refresh()  # refresh the current page
page.back()  # Browser back
page.et_window_size(x, y)  # Set the browser window size, maximize by default
page.check_page()  # Check whether the page meets expectations
page.chrome_downloading()  # Get the list of files that chrome is downloading
page.process_alert(mode, text)  # Process the prompt box

Find element

ele() returns the first eligible element, and eles() returns a list of all eligible elements. You can use these two functions under the page object or element object to find subordinate elements.

page.eles() and element.eles() search and return a list of all elements that meet the conditions.

Note: The default element search timeout is 10 seconds, you can also set it as needed.

# Find by attribute
page.ele('@id:ele_id', timeout = 2)  # Find the element whose id is ele_id and set the waiting time for 2 seconds
page.eles('@class')  # Find all elements with class attribute
page.eles('@class:class_name')  # Find all elements that have ele_class in class
page.eles('@class=class_name')  # Find all elements whose class is equal to ele_class

# Find by tag name
page.ele('tag:li')  # Find the first li element
page.eles('tag:li')  # Find all li elements

# Find according to tag name and attributes
page.ele('tag:div@class=div_class')  # Find the div element whose class is div_class
page.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class')  # Find div elements whose class contains ele_class
page.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class')  # Find div elements whose class is equal to ele_class
page.ele('tag:div@text():search_text')  # Find div elements whose text contains search_text
page.ele('tag:div@text()=search_text')  # Find the div element whose text is equal to search_text

# Find according to text content
page.ele('search text')  # find the element containing the incoming text
page.eles('text:search text')  # If the text starts with @, tag:, css:, xpath:, text:, add text: in front to avoid conflicts
page.eles('text=search text')  # The text is equal to the element of search_text

# Find according to xpath or css selector
page.eles('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]')
page.eles('css:div.ele_class')

# Find according to loc
loc1 = By.ID,'ele_id'
loc2 = By.XPATH,'//div[@class="ele_class"]'
page.ele(loc1)
page.ele(loc2)

# Find lower- level elements
element = page.ele('@id:ele_id')
element.ele('@class:class_name')  # Find the first element whose class is ele_class at the lower level of element
element.eles('tag:li')  # find all li elements under ele_id

# Find by location
element.parent  # parent element
element.next  # next sibling element
element.prev  # previous sibling element

# Get shadow- dom, only support open shadow- root
ele1 = element.shadow_root.ele('tag:div')

# Chain search
page.ele('@id:ele_id').ele('tag:div').next.ele('some text').eles('tag:a')

# Simplified writing
ele1 = page('@id:ele_id')('@class:class_name')
ele2 = ele1('tag:li')

Get element attributes

element.html  # Return element outerHTML
element.inner_html  # Return element innerHTML
element.tag  # Return element tag name
element.text  # Return element innerText value
element.link  # Returns absolute href or src value of the element.
element.texts()  # Returns the text of all direct child nodes in the element, including elements and text nodes, you can specify to return only text nodes
element.attrs  # Return a dictionary of all attributes of the element
element.attr(attr)  # Return the value of the specified attribute of the element
element.css_path  # Return the absolute css path of the element
element.xpath  # Return the absolute xpath path of the element
element.parent  # Return element parent element
element.next  # Return the next sibling element of the element
element.prev  # Return the previous sibling element of the element
element.parents(num)  # Return the numth parent element
element.nexts(num, mode)  # Return the following elements or nodes
element.prevs(num, mode)  # Return the first few elements or nodes
element.ele(loc_or_str, timeout)  # Return the first sub- element, attribute or node text of the current element that meets the conditions
element.eles(loc_or_str, timeout)  # Return all eligible sub- elements, attributes or node texts of the current element

# d mode unique:
element.before  # Get pseudo element before content
element.after  # Get pseudo element after content
element.is_valid  # Used to determine whether the element is still in dom
element.size  # Get element size
element.location  # Get element location
element.shadow_root  # Get the ShadowRoot element under the element
element.get_style_property(style, pseudo_ele)  # Get element style attribute value, can get pseudo element
element.is_selected()  # Returns whether the element is selected
element.is_enabled()  # Returns whether the element is available
element.is_displayed()  # Returns whether the element is visible

Element operation

Element operation is unique to d mode. Calling the following method will automatically switch to d mode.

element.click(by_js)  # Click the element, you can choose whether to click with js
element.input(value)  # input text
element.run_script(js)  # Run JavaScript script on the element
element.submit()  # Submit
element.clear()  # Clear the element
element.screenshot(path, filename)  # Take a screenshot of the element
element.select(text)  # Select the drop- down list based on the text
element.set_attr(attr, value)  # Set element attribute value
element.drag(x, y, speed, shake)  # Drag the relative distance of the element, you can set the speed and whether to shake randomly
element.drag_to(ele_or_loc, speed, shake)  # Drag the element to another element or a certain coordinate, you can set the speed and whether to shake randomly
element.hover()  # Hover the mouse over the element

Docking with selenium code

The DrissionPage code can be seamlessly spliced with the selenium code, either directly using the selenium WebDriver object, or using its own WebDriver everywhere for the selenium code. Make the migration of existing projects very convenient.

selenium to DrissionPage

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')

page = MixPage(Drission(driver))  # Pass the driver to Drission, create a MixPage object
print(page.title)  # Print result: You will know by clicking on Baidu

DrissionPage to selenium

page = MixPage()
page.get('https://www.baidu.com')

driver = page.driver  # Get the WebDriver object from the MixPage object
print(driver.title)  # Print results: You will know by clicking on Baidu

download file

Selenium lacks effective management of browser download files, and it is difficult to detect download status, rename, and fail management. Using requests to download files can better achieve the above functions, but the code is more cumbersome. Therefore, DrissionPage encapsulates the download method and integrates the advantages of the two. You can obtain login information from selenium and download it with requests. To make up for the shortcomings of selenium, make the download simple and efficient.

Features

Specify download path
Rename the file without filling in the extension, the program will automatically add
When there is a file with the same name, you can choose to rename, overwrite, skip, etc.
Show download progress
Support post method
Support custom connection parameters

Demo

url ='https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png'  # file url
save_path = r'C:\download'  # save path

# Rename to img.png, and automatically add a serial number to the end of the file name when there is a duplicate name to display the download progress
page.download(url, save_path,'img','rename', show_msg=True)

Chrome Quick Settings

The configuration of chrome is very cumbersome. In order to simplify the use, this library provides setting methods for common configurations.

DriverOptions Object

The DriverOptions object inherits from the Options object of selenium.webdriver.chrome.options, and the following methods are added to it:

remove_argument(value)  # delete an argument value
remove_experimental_option(key)  # delete an experimental_option setting
remove_all_extensions()  # Remove all plugins
save()  # Save the configuration to the default ini file
save('D:\\settings.ini')  # save to other path
set_argument(arg, value)  # set argument attribute
set_headless(on_off)  # Set whether to use no interface mode
set_no_imgs(on_off)  # Set whether to load images
set_no_js(on_off)  # Set whether to disable js
set_mute(on_off)  # Set whether to mute
set_user_agent(user_agent)  # set user agent
set_proxy(proxy)  # set proxy address
set_paths(driver_path, chrome_path, debugger_address, download_path, user_data_path, cache_path)  # Set browser- related paths

Instructions

do = DriverOptions(read_file=False)  # Create chrome configuration object, not read from ini file
do.set_headless(False)  # show the browser interface
do.set_no_imgs(True)  # Do not load pictures
do.set_paths(driver_path='D:\\chromedriver.exe', chrome_path='D:\\chrome.exe')  # set path
do.set_headless(False).set_no_imgs(True)  # Support chain operation

drission = Drission(driver_options=do)  # Create Drission object with configuration object
page = MixPage(drission)  # Create a MixPage object with Drission object

do.save()  # Save the configuration to the default ini file

Save configuration

Because there are many configurations of chrome and headers, an ini file is set up specifically to save common configurations. You can use the OptionsManager object to get and save the configuration, and use the DriverOptions object to modify the chrome configuration. You can also save multiple ini files and call them according to different projects.

Tips: It is recommended to save the commonly used configuration files to another path to prevent the configuration from being reset when the library is upgraded.

ini file content

The ini file has three parts by default: paths, chrome_options, and session_options. The initial content is as follows.

[paths]
; chromedriver.exe path
chromedriver_path =
; Temporary folder path, used to save screenshots, file downloads, etc.
global_tmp_path =

[chrome_options]
; The address and port of the opened browser, such as 127.0.0.1:9222
debugger_address =
; chrome.exe path
binary_location =
; Configuration information
arguments = [
            ; Hide browser window
            '- - headless',
            ; Mute
            '- - mute- audio',
            ; No sandbox
            '- - no- sandbox',
            ; Google documentation mentions that this attribute needs to be added to avoid bugs
            '- - disable- gpu',
            ; Ignore warning
            'ignore- certificate- errors',
            ; Do not display the information bar
            '- - disable- infobars'
            ]
; Plugin
extensions = []
; Experimental configuration
experimental_options = {
                       'prefs': {
                       ; Download does not pop up
                       'profile.default_content_settings.popups': 0,
                       ; No popup
                       'profile.default_content_setting_values': {'notifications': 2},
                       ; Disable PDF plugin
                       'plugins.plugins_list': [{"enabled": False, "name": "Chrome PDF Viewer"}]
                       },
                       ; Set to developer mode, anti- reptile
                       'excludeSwitches': ["enable- automation"],
                       'useAutomationExtension': False
                       }

[session_options]
headers = {
          "User- Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.1.2 Safari/603.3.8",
          "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
          "Connection": "keep- alive",
          "Accept- Charset": "utf- 8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7"
          }

OptionsManager Object

The OptionsManager object is used to read, set and save the configuration.

get_value(section, item) - > str  # Get the value of a configuration
get_option(section) - > dict  # Return all attributes of configuration in dictionary format
set_item(section, item, value)  # Set configuration attributes
save()  # Save the configuration to the default ini file
save('D:\\settings.ini')  # save to other path

Usage example

from DrissionPage.configs import *

options_manager = OptionsManager()  # Create OptionsManager object from the default ini file
options_manager = OptionsManager('D:\\settings.ini')  # Create OptionsManager object from other ini files
driver_path = options_manager.get_value('paths','chromedriver_path')  # read path information
options_manager.save()  # Save to the default ini file
options_manager.save('D:\\settings.ini')  # save to other path

drission = Drission(ini_path ='D:\\settings.ini')  # Use other ini files to create objects

Note: If you do not pass in the path when saving, it will be saved to the ini file in the module directory, even if the read is not the default ini file.

easy_set method

Calling the easy_set method will modify the content of the default ini file.

set_headless(True)  # Turn on headless mode
set_no_imgs(True)  # Turn on no image mode
set_no_js(True)  # Disable JS
set_mute(True)  # Turn on mute mode
set_user_agent('Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Int......')  # set user agent
set_proxy('127.0.0.1:8888')  # set proxy
set_paths(paths)  # See [Initialization] section
set_argument(arg, value)  # Set the attribute. If the attribute has no value (such as'zh_CN.UTF- 8'), the value is bool, which means switch; otherwise, the value is str. When the value is'' or False, delete the attribute item

POM mode

MixPage encapsulates common page operations and can be easily used for extension.

Example: extend a list page reading class

import re
from time import sleep
from DrissionPage import *

class ListPage(MixPage):
    """This class encapsulates the method of reading the list page. According to the necessary 4 elements, the isomorphic list page can be read
    (Chinese variable is really fragrant) """
    def __init__(self, drission: Drission, url: str = None, **xpaths):
        super().__init__(drission)
        self._url = url
        self.xpath_column name = xpaths['column name']  # [xpath string, regular expression]
        self.xpath_next page = xpaths['next page']
        self.xpath_lines = xpaths['line']
        self.xpath_page number = xpaths['page number']  # [xpath string, regular expression]
        self.total pages = self.get_total pages()
        if url:
            self.get(url)

    def get_column name (self) - > str:
        if self.xpath_ column name[1]:
            s = self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_column name[0]}').text
            r = re.search(self.xpath_column name[1], s)
            return r.group(1)
        else:
            return self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_column name[0]}').text

    def get_total number of pages (self) - > int:
        if self.xpath_page number[1]:
            s = self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_number of pages[0]}').text
            r = re.search(self.xpath_number of pages[1], s)
            return int(r.group(1))
        else:
            return int(self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_number of pages[0]}').text)

    def click_next page(self, wait: float = None):
        self.ele(f'xpath:{self.xpath_next page}').click()
        if wait:
            sleep(wait)

    def get_ current page list (self, content to be crawled: list) - > list:
        """
        Format of content to be crawled: [[xpath1,parameter1],[xpath2,parameter2]...]
        Return list format: [[Parameter1,Parameter2...],[Parameter1,Parameter2...]...]
        """
        Result list = []
        Line s = self.eles(f'xpath:{self.xpath_lines}')
        for line in line s:
            Row result = []
            for j in content to be crawled:
                Line result.append(line.ele(f'xpath:{j[0]}').attr(j[1]))
            Result list.append (row result)
            print(line result)
        return result list

    def get_list(self, content to be crawled: list, wait: float = None) - > list:
        List = self.get_ current page list (content to be crawled)
        for _ in range(self. total pages- 1):
            self.click_next page(wait)
            List.extend(self.get_current page list (content to be crawled))
        return list

Other

DriverPage and SessionPage

If you don't need to switch modes, you can only use DriverPage or SessionPage as needed, and the usage is the same as MixPage.

from DrissionPage.session_page import SessionPage
from DrissionPage.drission import Drission

session = Drission().session
page = SessionPage(session)  # Pass in Session object
page.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(page.ele('@id:su').text)  # Output: Baidu

driver = Drission().driver
page = DriverPage(driver)  # Pass in Driver object
page.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(page.ele('@id:su').text)  # Output: Baidu

APIs

Drission Class

class Drission()

The Drission class is used to manage WebDriver objects and Session objects, and is the role of the driver.

Parameter Description:

driver_or_options: [WebDriver, dict, Options] - WebDriver object or chrome configuration parameters.
session_or_options: [Session, dict] - Session object configuration parameters
ini_path: str - ini file path, the default is the ini file under the DrissionPage folder
proxy: dict - proxy settings

session

Return the Session object, which is automatically initialized according to the configuration information.

Returns: Session- the managed Session object

driver

Return the WebDriver object, which is automatically initialized according to the configuration information.

Returns: WebDriver- Managed WebDriver object

driver_options

Return or set the driver configuration.

Returns: dict

session_options

Return to session configuration.

Returns: dict

session_options()

Set the session configuration.

Returns: None

proxy

Return to proxy configuration.

Returns: dict

cookies_to_session()

Copy the cookies of the driver object to the session object.

Parameter Description:

copy_user_agent: bool - whether to copy user_agent to session
driver: WebDriver- Copy the WebDriver object of cookies
session: Session- Session object that receives cookies

Returns: None

cookies_to_driver()

Copy cookies from session to driver.

Parameter Description:

url: str - the domain of cookies
driver: WebDriver- WebDriver object that receives cookies
session: Session- Copy the Session object of cookies

Returns: None

user_agent_to_session()

Copy the user agent from the driver to the session.

Parameter Description:

driver: WebDriver- WebDriver object, copy user agent
session: Session- Session object, receiving user agent

Returns: None

close_driver()

Close the browser and set the driver to None.

Returns: None

close_session()

Close the session and set it to None.

Returns: None

close()

Close the driver and session.

Returns: None

MixPage Class

class MixPage()

MixPage encapsulates the common functions of page operation and can seamlessly switch between driver and session modes. Cookies are automatically synchronized when switching. The function of obtaining information is shared by the two modes, and the function of operating page elements is only available in mode d. Calling a function unique to a certain mode will automatically switch to that mode. It inherits from DriverPage and SessionPage classes, these functions are implemented by these two classes, and MixPage exists as a scheduling role.

Parameter Description:

drission: Drission - Drission object, if not passed in, create one. Quickly configure the corresponding mode when's' or'd' is passed in
mode: str - mode, optional'd' or's', default is'd'
timeout: float - timeout, driver mode is the time to find elements, session mode is the connection waiting time

url

Returns the URL currently visited by the MixPage object.

Returns: str

mode

Returns the current mode ('s' or'd').

Returns: str

drission

Returns the Dirssion object currently in use.

Returns: Drission

driver

Return the driver object, if not, create it, and switch to driver mode when calling.

Returns: WebDriver

session

Return the session object, if not, create it.

Returns: Session

response

Return the Response object obtained in s mode, and switch to s mode when called.

Returns: Response

cookies

Return cookies, obtained from the current mode.

Returns: [dict, list]

html

Return the html text of the page.

Returns: str

title

Return to the page title.

Returns: str

url_available

Returns the validity of the current url.

Returns: bool

change_mode()

Switch mode,'d' or's'. When switching, the cookies of the current mode will be copied to the target mode.

Parameter Description:

mode: str - Specify the target mode,'d' or's'.
go: bool - whether to jump to the current url after switching mode

Returns: None

ele()

Return the eligible elements on the page, the first one is returned by default. If the query parameter is a string, the options of'@attribute name:','tag:','text:','css:', and'xpath:' are available. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str, DriverElement, SessionElement, WebElement] - The positioning information of the element, which can be an element object, a loc tuple, or a query string
mode: str - 'single' or'all', corresponding to find one or all
timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element, valid in driver mode

Example:

When the element object is received: return the element object object
Find with loc tuple:
- ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class
Find with query string:

Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector.

Among them, @ means attribute, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.
- page.ele('@class:ele_class') - returns the element with ele_class in the first class
- page.ele('@name=ele_name') - returns the first element whose name is equal to ele_name
- page.ele('@placeholder') - returns the first element with placeholder attribute
- page.ele('tag:p') - return the first p element
- page.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class') - returns the first class div element with ele_class
- page.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class') - returns the first div element whose class is equal to ele_class
- page.ele('tag:div@text():some_text') - returns the first div element whose text contains some_text
- page.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text') - returns the first div element whose text is equal to some_text
- page.ele('text:some_text') - returns the first element whose text contains some_text
- page.ele('some_text') - returns the first text element containing some_text (equivalent to the previous line)
- page.ele('text=some_text') - returns the first element whose text is equal to some_text
- page.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]') - return the first element that matches xpath
- page.ele('css:div.ele_class') - returns the first element that matches the css selector

Returns: [DriverElement, SessionElement, str] - element object or attribute, text node text

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter
timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element, valid in driver mode

Returns: [List[DriverElement or str], List[SessionElement or str]] - a list of element objects or attributes and text node text

cookies_to_session()

Copy cookies from the WebDriver object to the Session object.

Parameter Description:

copy_user_agent: bool - whether to copy user agent at the same time

Returns: None

cookies_to_driver()

Copy cookies from the Session object to the WebDriver object.

Parameter Description:

url: str - the domain or url of cookies

Returns: None

get()

To jump to a url, synchronize cookies before the jump, and return whether the target url is available after the jump.

Parameter Description:

url: str - target url
go_anyway: bool - Whether to force a jump. If the target url is the same as the current url, it will not redirect by default.
show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
retry: int - the number of retries when a connection error occurs
interval: float - Retry interval (seconds)
**kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: [bool, None] - whether the url is available

post()

Jump in post mode, automatically switch to session mode when calling.

Parameter Description:

url: str - target url
data: dict - submitted data
go_anyway: bool - Whether to force a jump. If the target url is the same as the current url, it will not redirect by default.
show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
retry: int - the number of retries when a connection error occurs
interval: float - Retry interval (seconds)
**kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: [bool, None] - whether the url is available

download()

Download a file, return whether it is successful and the download information string. This method will automatically avoid the same name with the existing file in the target path.

Parameter Description:

file_url: str - file url
goal_path: str - storage path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
rename: str - rename the file without changing the extension
file_exists: str - If there is a file with the same name, you can choose'rename','overwrite','skip' to process
post_data: dict - data submitted in post mode
show_msg: bool - whether to show download information
show_errmsg: bool - whether to display and throw an exception
**kwargs - connection parameters for requests

Returns: Tuple[bool, str] - a tuple of whether the download was successful (bool) and status information (the information is the file path when successful)

The following methods and properties only take effect in driver mode, and will automatically switch to driver mode when called

tabs_count

Returns the number of tab pages.

Returns: int

tab_handles

Returns the handle list of all tabs.

Returns: list

current_tab_num

Returns the serial number of the current tab page.

Returns: int

current_tab_handle

Returns the handle of the current tab page.

Returns: str

wait_ele()

Wait for the element to be deleted, displayed, and hidden from the dom.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_ele: [str, tuple, DriverElement, WebElement] - Element search method, same as ele()
mode: str - waiting mode, optional:'del','display','hidden'
timeout: float - waiting timeout

Returns: bool - whether the wait is successful

check_page()

In d mode, check whether the web page meets expectations. The response status is checked by default, and can be overloaded to achieve targeted checks.

Parameter Description:

by_requests: bool - Force the use of built- in response for checking

Return: [bool, None] - bool is available, None is unknown

run_script()

Execute JavaScript code.

Parameter Description:

script: str - JavaScript code text
*args - incoming parameters

Returns: Any

create_tab()

Create and locate a tab page, which is at the end.

Parameter Description:

url: str - the URL to jump to the new tab page

Returns: None

close_current_tab()

Close the current tab.

Returns: None

close_other_tabs()

Close tab pages other than the incoming tab page, and keep the current page by default.

Parameter Description:

num_or_handle:[int, str] - The serial number or handle of the tab to keep, the first serial number is 0, and the last is - 1

Returns: None

to_tab()

Jump to the tab page.

Parameter Description:

num_or_handle:[int, str] - tab page serial number or handle string, the first serial number is 0, the last is - 1

Returns: None

to_iframe()

Jump to iframe, jump to the highest level by default, compatible with selenium native parameters.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_ele:[int, str, tuple, WebElement, DriverElement] - Find the condition of iframe element, can receive iframe serial number (starting at 0), id or name, query string, loc parameter, WebElement object, DriverElement object, and pass in ' main' jump to the highest level, and pass in'parent' to jump to the upper level

Example:

to_iframe('tag:iframe')- locate by the query string passed in iframe
to_iframe('iframe_id')- Positioning by the id attribute of the iframe
to_iframe('iframe_name')- locate by the name attribute of iframe
to_iframe(iframe_element)- locate by passing in the element object
to_iframe(0)- locate by the serial number of the iframe
to_iframe('main')- jump to the top level
to_iframe('parent')- jump to the previous level

Returns: None

scroll_to_see()

Scroll until the element is visible.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_ele:[str, tuple, WebElement, DriverElement] - The conditions for finding elements are the same as those of the ele() method.

Returns: None

scroll_to()

Scroll the page and decide how to scroll according to the parameters.

Parameter Description:

mode: str - scroll direction, top, bottom, rightmost, leftmost, up, down, left, right
pixel: int - scrolling pixel

Returns: None

refresh()

refresh page.

Returns: None

back()

The page goes back.

Returns: None

set_window_size()

Set the window size, maximize by default.

Parameter Description:

x: int - target width
y: int - target height

Returns: None

screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the web page and return the path of the screenshot file

Parameter Description:

path: str - The screenshot save path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
filename: str - the name of the screenshot file, the default is the page title as the file name

Returns: str

chrome_downloading()

Return to the list of files downloaded by the browser.

Parameter Description:

download_path: str - download folder path

Returns: list

process_alert()

Process the prompt box.

Parameter Description:

mode: str - 'ok' or'cancel', if another value is entered, the button will not be pressed but the text value will still be returned
text: str - You can enter text when processing the prompt box

Returns: [str, None] - the text of the prompt box content

close_driver()

Close the driver and browser.

Returns: None

close_session()

Close the session.

Returns: None

DriverElement class

class DriverElement()

The element object in driver mode encapsulates a WebElement object and encapsulates common functions.

Parameter Description:

ele: WebElement- WebElement object
page: DriverPage- the page object where the element is located
timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element (it can be set separately each time the element is searched)

inner_ele

The wrapped WebElement object.

Returns: WebElement

html

Returns the outerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

inner_html

Returns the innerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

tag

Returns the element tag name.

Returns: str

attrs

Return all attributes and values of the element in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

text

Returns the text inside the element.

Returns: str

link

Returns absolute href or src value of the element.

Returns: str

css_path

Returns the absolute path of the element css selector.

Returns: str

xpath

Returns the absolute path of the element xpath.

Returns: str

parent

Returns the parent element object.

Returns: DriverElement

Return the next sibling element object.

Returns: DriverElement

Returns the previous sibling element object.

Returns: DriverElement

size

Return the element size in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

location

Replace the element coordinates in a dictionary.

Returns: dict

shadow_root

Returns the shadow_root element object of the current element

Returns: ShadowRoot

before

Returns the content of the ::before pseudo- element of the current element

Returns: str

after

Returns the content of the ::after pseudo element of the current element

Returns: str

texts()

Returns the text of all direct child nodes within the element, including elements and text nodes

Parameter Description:

text_node_only: bool - whether to return only text nodes

Returns: List[str]

parents()

Returns the Nth level parent element object.

Parameter Description:

num: int - which level of parent element

Returns: DriverElement

nexts()

Returns the text of the numth sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

num: int - the next sibling element or node
mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

prevs()

Returns the text of the previous num sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

num: int - the previous sibling element or node
mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

attr()

Get the value of an attribute of an element.

Parameter Description:

attr: str - attribute name

Returns: str

ele()

Returns the sub- elements, attributes or node texts of the current element that meet the conditions. If the query parameter is a string, the options of'@attribute name:','tag:','text:','css:', and'xpath:' are available. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - the positioning information of the element, which can be a loc tuple or a query string
mode: str - 'single' or'all', corresponding to find one or all
timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element

Example:

Find with loc tuple:
- ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class
Find with query string:

Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector.

Among them, @ means attribute, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.
- ele.ele('@class:ele_class') - returns the first class element that contains ele_class
- ele.ele('@name=ele_name') - returns the first element whose name is equal to ele_name
- ele.ele('@placeholder') - returns the first element with placeholder attribute
- ele.ele('tag:p') - returns the first p element
- ele.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class') - Returns the div element with ele_class in the first class
- ele.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class') - returns the first div element whose class is equal to ele_class
- ele.ele('tag:div@text():some_text') - returns the first div element whose text contains some_text
- ele.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text') - Returns the first div element whose text is equal to some_text
- ele.ele('text:some_text') - returns the first element whose text contains some_text
- ele.ele('some_text') - returns the first text element containing some_text (equivalent to the previous line)
- ele.ele('text=some_text') - returns the first element whose text is equal to some_text
- ele.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]') - Return the first element that matches xpath
- ele.ele('css:div.ele_class') - returns the first element that matches the css selector

Returns: [DriverElement, str]

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter
timeout: float - Find the timeout of the element

Returns: List[DriverElement or str]

get_style_property()

Returns the element style attribute value.

Parameter Description:

style: str - style attribute name
pseudo_ele: str - pseudo element name

Returns: str

click()

Click on the element. If it is unsuccessful, click in js mode. You can specify whether to click in js mode.

Parameter Description:

by_js: bool - whether to click with js

Returns: bool

input()

Enter text and return whether it is successful.

Parameter Description:

value: str - text value
clear: bool - whether to clear the text box before typing

Returns: bool

run_script()

Execute the js code and pass in yourself as the first parameter.

Parameter Description:

script: str - JavaScript text
*args - incoming parameters

Returns: Any

submit()

submit Form.

Returns: None

clear()

Clear the text box.

Returns: None

is_selected()

Whether the element is selected.

Returns: bool

is_enabled()

Whether the element is available on the page.

Returns: bool

is_displayed()

Whether the element is visible.

Returns: bool

is_valid()

Whether the element is still in the DOM. This method is used to determine when the page jump element cannot be used

Returns: bool

screenshot()

Take a screenshot of the web page and return the path of the screenshot file

Parameter Description:

path: str - The screenshot save path, the default is the temporary folder specified in the ini file
filename: str - the name of the screenshot file, the default is the page title as the file name

Returns: str

select()

Select from the drop- down list.

Parameter Description:

text: str - option text

Returns: bool - success

set_attr()

Set element attributes.

Parameter Description:

attr: str - parameter name
value: str - parameter value

Returns: bool - whether it was successful

drag()

Drag the current element a certain distance, and return whether the drag is successful.

Parameter Description:

x: int - drag distance in x direction
y: int - drag distance in y direction
speed: int - drag speed
shake: bool - whether to shake randomly

Returns: bool

drag_to()

Drag the current element, the target is another element or coordinate tuple, and return whether the drag is successful.

Parameter Description:

ele_or_loc[tuple, WebElement, DrissionElement] - Another element or relative current position, the coordinates are the coordinates of the element's midpoint.
speed: int - drag speed
shake: bool - whether to shake randomly

Returns: bool

hover()

Hover the mouse over the element.

Returns: None

SessionElement Class

class SessionElement()

The element object in session mode encapsulates an Element object and encapsulates common functions.

Parameter Description:

ele: HtmlElement - HtmlElement object of lxml library
page: SessionPage - the page object where the element is located

inner_ele

The wrapped HTMLElement object.

Returns: HtmlElement

html

Returns the outerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

inner_html

Returns the innerHTML text of the element.

Returns: str

tag

Returns the element tag name.

Returns: srt

attrs

Returns the names and values of all attributes of the element in dictionary format.

Returns: dict

text

Returns the text within the element, namely innerText.

Returns: str

link

Returns absolute href or src value of the element.

Returns: str

css_path

Returns the absolute path of the element css selector.

Returns: srt

xpath

Returns the absolute path of the element xpath.

Returns: srt

parent

Returns the parent element object.

Returns: SessionElement

Return the next sibling element object.

Returns: SessionElement

Returns the previous sibling element object.

Returns: SessionElement

parents()

Returns the Nth level parent element object.

Parameter Description:

num: int - which level of parent element

Returns: SessionElement

nexts()

Returns the text of the numth sibling element or node.

Parameter Description:

num- the next few sibling elements
mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

prevs()

Return the first N sibling element objects.

Parameter Description:

num- the first few sibling elements
mode: str - 'ele','node' or'text', matching element, node, or text node

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

attr()

Get the value of an attribute of an element.

Parameter Description:

attr: str - attribute name

Returns: str

ele()

Get elements based on query parameters. If the query parameter is a string, you can choose the methods of'@attribute name:','tag:','text:','css:', and'xpath:'. When there is no control mode, the text mode is used to search by default. If it is loc, query directly according to the content.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str:[Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter
mode: str - Find one or more, pass in'single' or'all'

Example:

Find with loc tuple:
ele.ele((By.CLASS_NAME,'ele_class')) - returns the first child element whose class is ele_class
Find with query string:

Attributes, tag name and attributes, text, xpath, css selector.

Among them, @ means attribute, = means exact match,: means fuzzy match, the string is searched by default when there is no control string.

ele.ele('@class:ele_class') - return the first class element containing ele_class
ele.ele('@name=ele_name') - returns the first element whose name is equal to ele_name
ele.ele('@placeholder') - returns the first element with placeholder attribute
ele.ele('tag:p') - return the first p element
ele.ele('tag:div@class:ele_class') - Returns the div element with ele_class in the first class
ele.ele('tag:div@class=ele_class') - returns the first div element whose class is equal to ele_class
ele.ele('tag:div@text():some_text') - returns the first div element whose text contains some_text
ele.ele('tag:div@text()=some_text') - Returns the first div element whose text is equal to some_text
ele.ele('text:some_text') - returns the first element whose text contains some_text
ele.ele('some_text') - returns the first element whose text contains some_text (equivalent to the previous line)
ele.ele('text=some_text') - returns the first element whose text is equal to some_text
ele.ele('xpath://div[@class="ele_class"]') - Return the first element that matches xpath
ele.ele('css:div.ele_class') - returns the first element that matches the css selector

Returns: [SessionElement, str]

eles()

Get the list of elements that meet the conditions according to the query parameters. The query parameter usage method is the same as the ele method.

Parameter Description:

loc_or_str: [Tuple[str, str], str] - query condition parameter

Returns: List[SessionElement or str]

OptionsManager class

class OptionsManager()

The class that manages the content of the configuration file.

Parameter Description:

path: str - the path of the ini file, if not passed in, the configs.ini file in the current folder will be read by default

get_value()

Get the configured value.

Parameter Description:

section: str - section name
item: str - configuration item name

Returns: Any

get_option()

Return the configuration information of the entire paragraph in dictionary format.

Parameter Description:

section: str - section name

Returns: dict

set_item()

Set the configuration value and return to yourself for chain operation.

Parameter Description:

section: str - section name
item: str - configuration item name
value: Any - value content

Return: OptionsManager - return to yourself

save()

Save the settings to a file and return to yourself for chain operation.

Parameter Description:

path: str - the path of the ini file, saved to the module folder by default

Return: OptionsManager - return to yourself

DriverOptions class

class DriverOptions()

The Chrome browser configuration class, inherited from the Options class of selenium.webdriver.chrome.options, adds the methods of deleting configuration and saving to file.

Parameter Description:

read_file: bool - Whether to read configuration information from the ini file when creating

driver_path

The path of chromedriver.exe.

Returns: str

chrome_path

chrome.exe path

Returns: str