GalSim is open-source software for simulating images of astronomical objects (stars, galaxies) in a variety of ways. The bulk of the calculations are carried out in C++, and the user interface is in Python. In addition, the code can operate directly on “config” files, for those users who prefer not to work in Python. The impetus for the software package was a weak lensing community data challenge, called GREAT3:
However, the code has numerous additional capabilities beyond those needed for the challenge, and has been useful for a number of projects that needed to simulate high-fidelity galaxy images with accurate sizes and shears. At the end of this file, there is a list of the code capabilities and plans for future development. For details of algorithms and code validation, please see
The GalSim version numbering tries to follow Semantic Versioning This means that releases are numbered as M.m.r, where M is a major version number, m is the minor version, and r is the revision (or patch or bugfix) number.
The public API is preserved within a given major version number. So code that works with version 2.2.3 (say) should continue to work for all subsequent 2.x.x versions. Minor versions indicate new features being added to the API. Revision versions don’t add any new features, but fix bugs in the previous release.
Basic Installation
Normally, to install GalSim, you should just need to run:
pip install galsim
Depending on your setup, you may need to add either sudo to the start or –user to the end of this command as you normally do when pip installing packages.
See Installation Instructions for full details including one dependency (FFTW) that is not pip installable, so you may need to install before running this command.
You can also use conda via conda-forge:
conda install -c conda-forge galsim
Source Distribution
To get the latest version of the code, you can grab the tarball (or zip file) from
https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim/releases/
Also, feel free to fork the repository:
https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim/fork
Or clone the repository with either of the following:
git clone git@github.com:GalSim-developers/GalSim.git git clone https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim.git
The code is also distributed via Fink, Macports, and Homebrew for Mac users. See Installation Instructions (in INSTALL.rst) for more information.
The code is licensed under a BSD-style license. See the file LICENSE for more details.
Keeping up-to-date with GalSim
There is a GalSim mailing list, organized through the Google Group galsim-announce. Members of the group will receive news and updates about the GalSim code, including notifications of major version releases, new features and bugfixes.
You do not need a Google Account to subscribe to the group, simply send any email to:
galsim-announce+subscribe@googlegroups.com
If you receive a confirmation request (check junk mail filters!) simply reply directly to that email, with anything, to confirm. You may also click the link in the confirmation request, but you may be asked for a Google Account login.
To unsubscribe, simply send any email to:
galsim-announce+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
You should receive notification that your unsubscription was successful.
How to communicate with the GalSim developers
Currently, the lead developers for GalSim are:
Mike Jarvis (mikejarvis17 at gmail)
Rachel Mandelbaum (rmandelb at andrew dot cmu dot edu)
Josh Meyers (jmeyers314 at gmail)
However, many others have contributed to GalSim over the years as well, for which we are very grateful.
If you have a question about how to use GalSim, a good place to ask it is at StackOverflow. Some of the GalSim developers have alerts set up to be automatically notified about questions with the ‘galsim’ tag, so there is a good chance that your question will be answered.
If you have any trouble installing or using the code, or find a bug, or have a suggestion for a new feature, please open up an Issue on our GitHub repository. We also accept pull requests if you have something you’d like to contribute to the code base.
If none of these communication avenues seem appropriate, you can also contact us directly at the above email addresses.
Demonstration scripts
There are a number of scripts in examples/ that demonstrate how the code can be used. These are called demo1.py … demo13.py. You can run them by typing (e.g.) python demo1.py while sitting in examples/, All demo scripts are designed to be run in the examples/ directory. Some of them access files in subdirectories of the examples/ directory, so they would not work correctly from other locations.
A completely parallel sequence of configuration files, called demo1.yaml … demo13.yaml, demonstrates how to make the same set of simulations using config files that are parsed by the executable bin/galsim.
Two other scripts in the examples/ directory that may be of interest, but are not part of the GalSim tutorial series, are make_coadd.py, which demonstrates the use of the FourierSqrt transformation to optimally coadd images, and psf_wf_movie.py, which demonstrates the realistic atmospheric PSF code by making a movie of a time-variable PSF and wavefront.
As the project develops through further versions, and adds further capabilities to the software, more demo scripts may be added to examples/ to illustrate what GalSim can do.
Summary of current capabilities
Currently, GalSim has the following capabilities:
Can generate PSFs from a variety of simple parametric models such as Moffat, Kolmogorov, and Airy, as well as an optical PSF model that includes Zernike aberrations to arbitrary order, and an optional central obscuration and struts.
Can simulate galaxies from a variety of simple parametric models as well as from real HST data. For information about downloading a suite of COSMOS images, see
https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim/wiki/RealGalaxy%20Data
Can simulate atmospheric PSFs from realistic turbulent phase screens.
Can make the images either via i) Fourier transform, ii) real-space convolution (real-space being occasionally faster than Fourier), or iii) photon-shooting. The exception is that objects that include a deconvolution (such as RealGalaxy objects) must be carried out using Fourier methods only.
Can handle wavelength-dependent profiles and integrate over filter bandpasses appropriately, including handling wavlengths properly when photon shooting.
Can apply shear, magnification, dilation, or rotation to a galaxy profile including lensing-based models from a power spectrum or NFW halo profile.
Can draw galaxy images into arbitrary locations within a larger image.
Can add noise using a variety of noise models, including correlated noise.
Can whiten or apply N-fold symmetry to existing correlated noise that is already in an image.
Can read in input values from a catalog, a dictionary file (such as a JSON or YAML file), or a fits header.
Can write images in a variety of formats: regular FITS files, FITS data cubes, or multi-extension FITS files. It can also compress the output files using various compressions including gzip, bzip2, and rice.
Can carry out nearly any simulation that a user might want using two parallel methods: directly using Python code, or by specifying the simulation properties in an input configuration script. See the demo scripts in the examples/ directory for examples of each.
Supports a variety of possible WCS options from a simple pixel scale factor of arcsec/pixel to affine transforms to arbitrary functions of (x,y), including a variety of common FITS WCS specifications.
Can include a range of simple detector effects such as nonlinearity, brighter-fatter effect, etc.
Has a module that is particularly meant to simulate images for the Roman Space Telescope.
Planned future development
We plan to add the following additional capabilities in future versions of GalSim:
Simulating more sophisticated detector defects and image artifacts. E.g. vignetting, fringing, cosmic rays, saturation, bleeding, … (cf. Issues #553, #828)
Proper modeling of extinction due to dust. (cf. Issues #541, #550)
More kinds of realistic galaxies. (cf. Issues #669, #795, #808)
Various speed improvements. (cf. Issues #205, #566, #875)
There are many others as well. Please see
https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim/issues
for a list of the current open issues. And feel free to add an issue if there is something useful that you think should be possible, but is not currently implemented.
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Release files for GalSim 2.8.5
For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.
Source distribution (sdist)
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