RNG 1.3.1

Python API for the C++ Random library

Random Number Generator: RNG Storm Engine

Python API for the C++ Random library.

RNG is not suitable for cryptography, but it could be perfect for other random stuff like data science, experimental programming, A.I. and games.

Recommended Installation: $ pip install RNG

Number Types, Precision & Size:

• Float: Python float -> double at the C++ layer.

  • Min Float: -1.7976931348623157e+308
  • Max Float: 1.7976931348623157e+308
  • Min Below Zero: -5e-324
  • Min Above Zero: 5e-324

• Integer: Python int -> long long at the C++ layer.

  • Input & Output Range: (-2**63, 2**63) or approximately +/- 9.2 billion billion.
  • Min Integer: -9223372036854775807
  • Max Integer: 9223372036854775807

Random Binary Function

• bernoulli(ratio_of_truth: float) -> bool
  • Bernoulli distribution.
  • @param ratio_of_truth :: the probability of True as a decimal. Expected input range: [0.0, 1.0], clamped.
  • @return :: True or False

Random Integer Functions

• random_int(left_limit: int, right_limit: int) -> int
  • Flat uniform distribution.
  • 20x faster than random.randint()
  • @param left_limit :: input A.
  • @param right_limit :: input B.
  • @return :: random integer in the inclusive range [A, B] or [B, A] if B < A
• random_below(upper_bound: int) -> int
  • Flat uniform distribution.
  • @param upper_bound :: inout A
  • @return :: random integer in exclusive range [0, A) or (A, 0] if A < 0
• binomial(number_of_trials: int, probability: float) -> int
  • Based on the idea of flipping a coin and counting how many heads come up after some number of flips.
  • @param number_of_trials :: how many times to flip a coin.
  • @param probability :: how likely heads will be flipped. 0.5 is a fair coin. 1.0 is a double headed coin.
  • @return :: count of how many heads came up.
• negative_binomial(trial_successes: int, probability: float) -> int
  • Based on the idea of flipping a coin as long as it takes to succeed.
  • @param trial_successes :: the required number of heads flipped to succeed.
  • @param probability :: how likely heads will be flipped. 0.50 is a fair coin.
  • @return :: the count of how many tails came up before the required number of heads.
• geometric(probability: float) -> int
  • Same as random_negative_binomial(1, probability).
• poisson(mean: float) -> int
  • @param mean :: sets the average output of the function.
  • @return :: random integer, poisson distribution centered on the mean.

Random Floating Point Functions

• generate_canonical() -> float
  • Evenly distributes real values of maximum precision.
  • @return :: random Float in range {0.0, 1.0} biclusive. The spec defines the output range to be [0.0, 1.0).
    • biclusive: feature/bug rendering the exclusivity of this function a bit more mysterious than desired. This is a known compiler bug.
• random_float(left_limit: float, right_limit: float) -> float
  • Suffers from the same biclusive feature/bug noted for generate_canonical().
  • @param left_limit :: input A
  • @param right_limit :: input B
  • @return :: random Float in range {A, B} biclusive. The spec defines the output range to be [A, B).
• normalvariate(mean: float, std_dev: float) -> float
  • @param mean :: sets the average output of the function.
  • @param std_dev :: standard deviation. Specifies spread of data from the mean.
• lognormvariate(log_mean: float, log_deviation: float) -> float
  • @param log_mean :: sets the log of the mean of the function.
  • @param log_deviation :: log of the standard deviation. Specifies spread of data from the mean.
• exponential(lambda_rate: float) -> float
  • Produces random non-negative floating-point values, distributed according to probability density function.
  • @param lambda_rate :: λ constant rate of a random event per unit of time/distance.
  • @return :: The time/distance until the next random event. For example, this distribution describes the time between the clicks of a Geiger counter or the distance between point mutations in a DNA strand.
• gammavariate(shape: float, scale: float) -> float
  • Generalization of the exponential distribution.
  • Produces random positive floating-point values, distributed according to probability density function.
  • @param shape :: α the number of independent exponentially distributed random variables.
  • @param scale :: β the scale factor or the mean of each of the distributed random variables.
  • @return :: the sum of α independent exponentially distributed random variables, each of which has a mean of β.
• weibullvariate(shape: float, scale: float) -> float
  • Generalization of the exponential distribution.
  • Similar to the gamma distribution but uses a closed form distribution function.
  • Popular in reliability and survival analysis.
• extreme_value(location: float, scale: float) -> float
  • Based on Extreme Value Theory.
  • Used for statistical models of the magnitude of earthquakes and volcanoes.
• chi_squared(degrees_of_freedom: float) -> float
  • Used with the Chi Squared Test and Null Hypotheses to test if sample data fits an expected distribution.
• cauchy(location: float, scale: float) -> float
  • @param location :: It specifies the location of the peak. The default value is 0.0.
  • @param scale :: It represents the half-width at half-maximum. The default value is 1.0.
  • @return :: Continuous Distribution.
• fisher_f(degrees_of_freedom_1: float, degrees_of_freedom_2: float) -> float
  • F distributions often arise when comparing ratios of variances.
• student_t(degrees_of_freedom: float) -> float
  • T distribution. Same as a normal distribution except it uses the sample standard deviation rather than the population standard deviation.
  • As degrees_of_freedom goes to infinity it converges with the normal distribution.

Engines

• mersenne_twister_engine: internal only
  • Implements 64 bit Mersenne twister algorithm. Default engine on most systems.
• linear_congruential_engine: internal only
  • Implements linear congruential algorithm.
• subtract_with_carry_engine: internal only
  • Implements a subtract-with-carry (lagged Fibonacci) algorithm.
• storm_engine: internal only
  • RNG: Custom Engine
  • Default Standard

Engine Adaptors

Engine adaptors generate pseudo-random numbers using another random number engine as entropy source. They are generally used to alter the spectral characteristics of the underlying engine.

• discard_block_engine: internal only
  • Discards some output of a random number engine.
• independent_bits_engine: internal only
  • Packs the output of a random number engine into blocks of a specified number of bits.
• shuffle_order_engine: internal only
  • Delivers the output of a random number engine in a different order.

Seeds & Entropy Source

• random_device: internal only
  • Non-deterministic uniform random bit generator, although implementations are allowed to implement random_device using a pseudo-random number engine if there is no support for non-deterministic random number generation.
• seed_seq: internal only
  • General-purpose bias-eliminating scrambled seed sequence generator.

Distribution & Performance Test Suite

• distribution_timer(func: staticmethod, *args, **kwargs) -> None
  • For statistical analysis of non-deterministic numeric functions.
  • @param func :: Function method or lambda to analyze. func(*args, **kwargs)
  • @optional_kw num_cycles :: Total number of samples for distribution analysis.
  • @optional_kw post_processor :: Used to scale a large set of data into a smaller set of groupings.
• quick_test(n=10000) -> None
  • Runs a battery of tests for every random distribution function in the module.
  • @param n :: the total number of samples to collect for each test. Default: 10,000

Development Log

RNG 1.3.1

• Fixed Typos

RNG 1.3.0

• Storm Update

RNG 1.2.5

• Low level clean up

RNG 1.2.4

• Minor Typos Fixed

RNG 1.2.3

• Documentation Update
• Test Update
• Bug Fixes

RNG 1.0.0 - 1.2.2, internal

• API Changes:
  • randint changed to random_int
  • randbelow changed to random_below
  • random changed to generate_canonical
  • uniform changed to random_float

RNG 0.2.3

• Bug Fixes

RNG 0.2.2

• discrete() removed.

RNG 0.2.1

• minor typos
• discrete() depreciated.

RNG 0.2.0

• Major Rebuild.

RNG 0.1.22

• The RNG Storm Engine is now the default standard.
• Experimental Vortex Engine added for testing.

RNG 0.1.21 beta

• Small update to the testing suite.

RNG 0.1.20 beta

• Changed default inputs for random_int and random_below to sane values.
  • random_int(left_limit=1, right_limit=20) down from -2**63, 2**63 - 1
  • random_below(upper_bound=10) down from 2**63 - 1

RNG 0.1.19 beta

• Broke some fixed typos, for a change of pace.

RNG 0.1.18 beta

• Fixed some typos.

RNG 0.1.17 beta

• Major Refactoring.
• New primary engine: Hurricane.
• Experimental engine Typhoon added: random_below() only.

RNG 0.1.16 beta

• Internal Engine Performance Tuning.

RNG 0.1.15 beta

• Engine Testing.

RNG 0.1.14 beta

• Fixed a few typos.

RNG 0.1.13 beta

• Fixed a few typos.

RNG 0.1.12 beta

• Major Test Suite Upgrade.
• Major Bug Fixes.
  • Removed several 'foot-guns' in prep for fuzz testing in future releases.

RNG 0.1.11 beta

• Fixed small bug in the install script.

RNG 0.1.10 beta

• Fixed some typos.

RNG 0.1.9 beta

• Fixed some typos.

RNG 0.1.8 beta

• Fixed some typos.
• More documentation added.

RNG 0.1.7 beta

• The random_floating_point function renamed to random_float.
• The function c_rand() has been removed as well as all the cruft it required.
• Major Documentation Upgrade.
• Fixed an issue where keyword arguments would fail to propagate. Both, positional args and kwargs now work as intended.
• Added this Dev Log.

RNG 0.0.6 alpha

• Minor ABI changes.

RNG 0.0.5 alpha

• Tests redesigned slightly for Float functions.

RNG 0.0.4 alpha

• Random Float Functions Implemented.

RNG 0.0.3 alpha

• Random Integer Functions Implemented.

RNG 0.0.2 alpha

• Random Bool Function Implemented.

RNG 0.0.1 pre-alpha

• Planning & Design.

Distribution and Performance Test Suite

Quick Test: RNG Storm Engine

Round Trip Numeric Limits:
 Min Integer: -9223372036854775808
 Max Integer:  9223372036854775807
 Min Float: -1.7976931348623157e+308
 Max Float:  1.7976931348623157e+308
 Min Below Zero: -5e-324
 Min Above Zero:  5e-324


Binary Tests

Output Analysis: bernoulli(0.3333333333333333)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 1 ns
Raw Samples: False, False, False, True, False
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: False
 Median: False
 Maximum: True
 Mean: 0.31
 Std Deviation: 0.46272466339510593
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 False: 66.72%
 True: 33.28%


Integer Tests

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.randint(1, 6)
Typical Timing: 1157 ± 10 ns
Raw Samples: 4, 4, 4, 4, 1
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 1
 Median: 3
 Maximum: 6
 Mean: 3.392
 Std Deviation: 1.6832020583308378
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 1: 17.33%
 2: 15.99%
 3: 16.52%
 4: 16.98%
 5: 16.35%
 6: 16.83%

Output Analysis: random_int(1, 6)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 3 ns
Raw Samples: 4, 6, 1, 2, 5
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 1
 Median: 3
 Maximum: 6
 Mean: 3.539
 Std Deviation: 1.6701102563209018
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 1: 16.98%
 2: 16.72%
 3: 17.0%
 4: 16.89%
 5: 16.12%
 6: 16.29%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.randrange(6)
Typical Timing: 813 ± 10 ns
Raw Samples: 4, 0, 2, 3, 3
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 2
 Maximum: 5
 Mean: 2.475
 Std Deviation: 1.6918147762793767
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 16.59%
 1: 17.05%
 2: 16.54%
 3: 16.51%
 4: 16.59%
 5: 16.72%

Output Analysis: random_below(6)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 1 ns
Raw Samples: 5, 2, 0, 3, 1
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 2
 Maximum: 5
 Mean: 2.455
 Std Deviation: 1.7265445131695725
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 17.48%
 1: 15.97%
 2: 16.27%
 3: 16.6%
 4: 16.72%
 5: 16.96%

Output Analysis: binomial(4, 0.5)
Typical Timing: 157 ± 3 ns
Raw Samples: 2, 3, 2, 2, 2
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 2
 Maximum: 4
 Mean: 1.989
 Std Deviation: 0.9715054414787511
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 6.06%
 1: 25.21%
 2: 37.42%
 3: 25.26%
 4: 6.05%

Output Analysis: negative_binomial(5, 0.75)
Typical Timing: 125 ± 1 ns
Raw Samples: 1, 1, 1, 2, 1
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 1
 Maximum: 8
 Mean: 1.683
 Std Deviation: 1.5371642312628389
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 24.08%
 1: 29.55%
 2: 21.71%
 3: 13.13%
 4: 6.51%
 5: 2.81%
 6: 1.44%
 7: 0.57%
 8: 0.17%
 10: 0.02%
 14: 0.01%

Output Analysis: geometric(0.75)
Typical Timing: 32 ± 3 ns
Raw Samples: 1, 0, 0, 0, 0
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 0
 Maximum: 5
 Mean: 0.356
 Std Deviation: 0.6983922620932679
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 75.25%
 1: 18.51%
 2: 4.48%
 3: 1.27%
 4: 0.39%
 5: 0.07%
 6: 0.02%
 9: 0.01%

Output Analysis: poisson(4.5)
Typical Timing: 94 ± 3 ns
Raw Samples: 7, 10, 5, 4, 5
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0
 Median: 4
 Maximum: 12
 Mean: 4.498
 Std Deviation: 2.095802564267061
Distribution of 10000 Samples:
 0: 0.95%
 1: 4.83%
 2: 11.23%
 3: 16.93%
 4: 19.2%
 5: 17.24%
 6: 12.79%
 7: 8.59%
 8: 4.35%
 9: 2.24%
 10: 0.92%
 11: 0.47%
 12: 0.16%
 13: 0.07%
 14: 0.01%
 15: 0.01%
 16: 0.01%


Floating Point Tests

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.random()
Typical Timing: 32 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.7334504747915658, 0.05901215293912998, 0.9836779956498556, 0.24254163839637877, 0.3723880892422583
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.001047391622954419
 Median: (0.5050620434120398, 0.5051706591823361)
 Maximum: 0.9992670731998551
 Mean: 0.5014841278358894
 Std Deviation: 0.2890166859694341
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 0: 49.94%
 1: 50.06%

Output Analysis: generate_canonical()
Typical Timing: 32 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.1864582609055042, 0.6147029479102267, 0.8171777075025716, 0.03578930784558717, 0.6100831394799711
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 2.4461292767260666e-05
 Median: (0.5169964032880487, 0.5184421652125217)
 Maximum: 0.999896384182444
 Mean: 0.5109666687208313
 Std Deviation: 0.29522258455113637
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 0: 49.76%
 1: 50.24%

Output Analysis: random_float(0.0, 10.0)
Typical Timing: 32 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 4.014913457225556, 4.590044534866856, 4.1205526364298155, 7.196762548370915, 5.158790430975921
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.012890134573488633
 Median: (4.941857920132398, 4.94531825321242)
 Maximum: 9.983617206073513
 Mean: 4.9924463895489
 Std Deviation: 2.9030745062815493
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor method:
 0: 10.33%
 1: 9.63%
 2: 10.48%
 3: 10.1%
 4: 10.07%
 5: 10.13%
 6: 9.97%
 7: 9.94%
 8: 9.86%
 9: 9.49%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.expovariate(1.0)
Typical Timing: 313 ± 7 ns
Raw Samples: 0.8405347198643697, 3.9338984100284944, 0.29143120688425417, 0.5078882269472753, 2.0885618145022056
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.000393368805801286
 Median: (0.6979599588346597, 0.6980050576379635)
 Maximum: 8.436382597372127
 Mean: 1.0040916154224218
 Std Deviation: 1.029410737822996
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 62.75%
 1: 23.22%
 2: 9.08%
 3: 3.24%
 4: 1.15%
 5: 0.35%
 6: 0.09%
 7: 0.08%
 8: 0.04%

Output Analysis: expovariate(1.0)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 1 ns
Raw Samples: 0.45163825464630664, 2.1146970580511284, 1.7971278139018254, 2.2373305896986717, 0.015343805738820961
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.00010707394382878657
 Median: (0.7193980060768663, 0.721352357683066)
 Maximum: 7.28385705693114
 Mean: 1.0252421665648306
 Std Deviation: 1.0479311465202337
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 63.45%
 1: 23.08%
 2: 8.43%
 3: 3.27%
 4: 1.08%
 5: 0.47%
 6: 0.12%
 7: 0.07%
 8: 0.03%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.gammavariate(1.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 469 ± 7 ns
Raw Samples: 0.32531495474311595, 1.392140006494708, 0.0530086665022029, 1.875063877486761, 1.4877123927777618
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.0008695053740157868
 Median: (0.6915826118919567, 0.694016632428719)
 Maximum: 8.003692778108036
 Mean: 0.9775036418005408
 Std Deviation: 0.966768188921642
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 63.17%
 1: 23.17%
 2: 8.53%
 3: 3.24%
 4: 1.15%
 5: 0.53%
 6: 0.13%
 7: 0.06%
 8: 0.01%
 9: 0.01%

Output Analysis: gammavariate(1.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 4 ns
Raw Samples: 1.9333489575252805, 1.7220291168140376, 1.357953302503521, 1.1556595765222129, 1.7954943378156107
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.0014738167745119808
 Median: (0.6964822146497854, 0.6978489621983266)
 Maximum: 6.602617980186466
 Mean: 1.0341158497711047
 Std Deviation: 1.0543199649525525
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 62.78%
 1: 23.59%
 2: 8.52%
 3: 3.32%
 4: 1.16%
 5: 0.4%
 6: 0.13%
 7: 0.08%
 8: 0.01%
 9: 0.01%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.weibullvariate(1.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 407 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.3990229611507635, 0.2259312540951118, 1.8502699107220673, 0.46376175375758266, 0.9401120707468325
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.0012259311050140662
 Median: (0.6578877009623624, 0.6590333908209903)
 Maximum: 8.646982098966204
 Mean: 0.9896440647090687
 Std Deviation: 0.9949289812693072
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 62.93%
 1: 23.51%
 2: 8.57%
 3: 3.05%
 4: 1.17%
 5: 0.5%
 6: 0.18%
 7: 0.05%
 8: 0.04%

Output Analysis: weibullvariate(1.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 94 ± 5 ns
Raw Samples: 0.2652234986823241, 1.942219764547752, 0.8175342897304099, 3.2395644480947223, 0.3251500266609827
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.0009383493512440244
 Median: (0.7392693227562032, 0.7408622308526437)
 Maximum: 7.116928208385074
 Mean: 1.073427948574414
 Std Deviation: 1.0632605080340314
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 63.59%
 1: 21.6%
 2: 9.25%
 3: 3.6%
 4: 1.25%
 5: 0.43%
 6: 0.18%
 7: 0.06%
 8: 0.03%
 9: 0.01%

Output Analysis: extreme_value(0.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.4041348557748404, 2.079874043610171, 2.650992577878582, 1.4452910259891822, 2.426570955352242
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: -1.980907380867561
 Median: (0.38243820781379145, 0.3829081079501128)
 Maximum: 6.621516306831826
 Mean: 0.5845110648095324
 Std Deviation: 1.2719835493558054
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 -2: 1.19%
 -1: 17.49%
 0: 35.19%
 1: 25.32%
 2: 12.72%
 3: 5.16%
 4: 1.94%
 5: 0.64%
 6: 0.19%
 7: 0.11%
 8: 0.04%
 12: 0.01%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.gauss(5.0, 2.0)
Typical Timing: 563 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 7.8719343283679555, 3.461012775865494, 5.9052321692218, 4.959700725749113, 5.922592217099527
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: -1.4012683758451052
 Median: (5.09840804162951, 5.107753450018516)
 Maximum: 11.41817677570604
 Mean: 5.030888806308807
 Std Deviation: 2.053357747529813
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 -4: 0.01%
 -3: 0.02%
 -2: 0.08%
 -1: 0.26%
 0: 0.84%
 1: 3.01%
 2: 6.5%
 3: 12.24%
 4: 17.89%
 5: 19.33%
 6: 17.29%
 7: 11.9%
 8: 6.6%
 9: 2.76%
 10: 0.99%
 11: 0.22%
 12: 0.04%
 14: 0.02%

Output Analysis: normalvariate(5.0, 2.0)
Typical Timing: 94 ± 3 ns
Raw Samples: 6.526375629211048, 2.5494637436879057, 4.183962748599225, 2.7367608198964137, 3.5984503200751843
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: -1.0047300993665416
 Median: (5.183216842180906, 5.185759978855302)
 Maximum: 12.46403325055231
 Mean: 5.150521636805498
 Std Deviation: 2.0157705219874242
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 -3: 0.01%
 -2: 0.06%
 -1: 0.31%
 0: 0.99%
 1: 2.66%
 2: 6.48%
 3: 11.36%
 4: 16.95%
 5: 20.01%
 6: 18.05%
 7: 12.19%
 8: 6.8%
 9: 2.96%
 10: 0.87%
 11: 0.17%
 12: 0.12%
 13: 0.01%

Base Case
Output Analysis: Random.lognormvariate(1.6, 0.25)
Typical Timing: 844 ± 22 ns
Raw Samples: 4.573748753630625, 4.024353144308833, 7.417300255678902, 5.40144220310192, 4.496223892141358
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 2.136424339774537
 Median: (4.918540090355226, 4.920454762077152)
 Maximum: 10.917115671377365
 Mean: 5.069294358049545
 Std Deviation: 1.2895726405200065
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 2: 0.21%
 3: 8.41%
 4: 26.64%
 5: 31.83%
 6: 19.33%
 7: 8.87%
 8: 3.21%
 9: 1.08%
 10: 0.31%
 11: 0.1%
 12: 0.01%

Output Analysis: lognormvariate(1.6, 0.25)
Typical Timing: 94 ± 7 ns
Raw Samples: 4.266335268237276, 5.649897741314483, 3.615275266835767, 4.404951715860641, 4.7955648798784605
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 2.111278969281614
 Median: (4.8142380751836376, 4.817354348455785)
 Maximum: 10.136880675576949
 Mean: 5.040687969800841
 Std Deviation: 1.3213062658762191
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 2: 0.28%
 3: 8.34%
 4: 26.54%
 5: 30.64%
 6: 19.67%
 7: 9.42%
 8: 3.51%
 9: 1.17%
 10: 0.3%
 11: 0.11%
 12: 0.02%

Output Analysis: chi_squared(1.0)
Typical Timing: 125 ± 4 ns
Raw Samples: 0.42697378999700814, 0.5429027726908335, 2.031049672176071, 0.5098527172971277, 0.042873029062290735
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 1.133633180995392e-05
 Median: (0.45048924276074015, 0.4507311430937568)
 Maximum: 13.378597809087994
 Mean: 1.0066583789534054
 Std Deviation: 1.4509507177964636
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 68.06%
 1: 16.15%
 2: 7.66%
 3: 3.75%
 4: 2.02%
 5: 1.05%
 6: 0.75%
 7: 0.29%
 8: 0.19%
 9: 0.08%

Output Analysis: cauchy(0.0, 1.0)
Typical Timing: 63 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.11087074883884336, -1.8060519907337242, -0.40842434577223435, -3.1528238189212203, -0.47652811926286387
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: -115.9871384065064
 Median: (-0.016619559251362662, -0.01359063139237585)
 Maximum: 1909.4296523197977
 Mean: 1.727260748019257
 Std Deviation: 61.407677279538106
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 26.34%
 1: 11.61%
 2: 5.3%
 3: 3.93%
 4: 3.1%
 5: 2.78%
 6: 3.76%
 7: 5.56%
 8: 11.39%
 9: 26.23%

Output Analysis: fisher_f(8.0, 8.0)
Typical Timing: 188 ± 8 ns
Raw Samples: 0.7307355228290525, 0.7390686777867285, 0.42973495752333074, 1.6098926293373732, 2.072548573959181
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: 0.013298914707013946
 Median: (0.9617312961087927, 0.9639397434067868)
 Maximum: 23.789159647884222
 Mean: 1.336227297312248
 Std Deviation: 1.3820594685495116
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using floor_mod_10 method:
 0: 49.75%
 1: 33.06%
 2: 10.5%
 3: 3.8%
 4: 1.64%
 5: 0.54%
 6: 0.32%
 7: 0.13%
 8: 0.17%
 9: 0.09%

Output Analysis: student_t(8.0)
Typical Timing: 125 ± 7 ns
Raw Samples: 0.836850584363592, 0.6673969559420777, -1.6441778936082134, -2.542843722716689, 0.5890349511027828
Statistics of 1000 Samples:
 Minimum: -4.516728329846627
 Median: (-0.012045677692215937, -0.005382657725861132)
 Maximum: 4.184117880665111
 Mean: 0.025852941112015856
 Std Deviation: 1.1624655011533154
Post-processor Distribution of 10000 Samples using round method:
 -7: 0.01%
 -5: 0.06%
 -4: 0.38%
 -3: 1.27%
 -2: 6.54%
 -1: 23.36%
 0: 37.16%
 1: 22.74%
 2: 6.62%
 3: 1.43%
 4: 0.32%
 5: 0.06%
 6: 0.03%
 7: 0.02%


=========================================================================
Total Test Time: 0.5963 seconds