arrotechtools 0.0.7

Library with most of the useful methods in the world of programming

Installation

You can install the library with the following command:

pip install arrotechtools

Getting Started

After installation, you can immediately start using the library.

Importing a class, an object, or a method is straight forward.

Let simulate an import.

from arrotechtools import Validators, Serializer, admin_required

Validators and Serializer are classes while admin_required is a method.

Validation

Supported validation inputs include:

1. Email
2. Password
3. Integer
4. Name
5. Phone: phone, airtel, safaricom, orange, equitel

Method	Input Type	Sample
email	String	[e-mail]
password	String	HeuliaI!djvb24628
integer	Integer	23 + or - are also accepted i.e +25 or -22
name	String	John doe
phone, airtel, safaricom, orange, equitel	String	[phone]

Email validation

Lets begin with validating an email provided by a user.

from arrotechtools import Validators, Serializer

email = "[e-mail]"
...
if not Validators(email).email():
    return Serializer.raise_error(400, "invalid email format")
else:
    ...

Here, we are checking if the input is a valid email. In this case, the class Validators takes an email as an argument to validate against.

Phone validation

Lets take a look at another example. This time round we will try to validate user phone number.

from arrotechtools import Validators, Serializer

phone = "[e-mail]"
...
if not Validators(phone).safaricom():
    return Serializer.raise_error(400, "invalid email format")
else:
    ...

Here, we are checking if the input is a valid safaricom phone number. In this case, the class Validators takes the phone number as an argument to validate against.

Json Keys validation

It becomes even easier when validating json keys from request body. Lets look at simple body and how we can validate the json request body.

from arrotechtools import Validators, Serializer


def sign_up():

    json_request_body = ['firstname', 'lastname']
    errors = Validators(json_request_body).error_in_json_keys(request)
    if errors:
        return Serializer.raise_error(400, "Invalid {} key".format(', '.join(errors)))
    data = request.get_json()
    firstname = data['firstname']
    lastname = data['lastname']

    ...

If the json keys from request body do not match with those that you provide, then you will get an exception outlining any key that you mispelled or missed. This helps validate the request body. This type of validation/corner case is important especially when testing your API's on POSTMAN or any other clients.

Validate User Input

Suppose you strictly except certain user inputs, then you can always validate user input with the input_restriction method. This will raise an error if the user did not provide the expected data.

from arrotechtools import Validators, Serializer

def signup():
    data = request.get_json()
    firstname = data['firstname']
    lastname = data['lastname']
    gender = data['gender']

    expected_gender = ['Male', 'Female']
    if not Validators(gender).input_restriction(expected_gender):
        return Serializer.raise_error(400, "Gender should be Male or Female")

    ...

In this case we only accept Male or Female as data input. Anything else will raise an exception. Please note that it's CASE SENSITIVE.

Serializing data output

from arrotechtools import Serializer

#Fetching data from a database or a data structure i.e list
response = Users().get_users()
...
if response:
    return Serializer.serialize(response, 200, "Success")
else:
    ...

Here, we are fetch some data from a database and storing the data in a variable response. Then we serialize the data into json object or an array. The serialize object can serialize any different types data into json object(s). That includes lists, dictionaries, or arrays.

Serialize error messages

from arrotechtools import Serializer, Validators

name = "jane doe"
...
if not Validators(name).name():
    return Serializer.raise_error(400, "Name is invalid")
else:
    ...

The method raise_error takes status code and error meassage as arguments. We are simply validating the name provided by the user. If the name is not a word, then the function will return an error message and an appropriate status code.

Error handling

With the Serializer class, you can handle errors accross your application. Errors captured include:

1. Bad Request: bad_request

   message: "bad request",
   status: "400"
   

2. Resourse not found: page_not_found

   message: "resource not found",
   status: "404"
   

3. Method not allowed: method_not_allowed

   message: "method not allowed",
   status: "405"
   

4. Internal Server Error: internal_server_error

   message: "internal server error",
   status: "500"
   

#Example 1

Below is an example illustrating how to use the page_not_found object to capture exceptions as a result non-existing resources.

from arrotechtools import Serializer

#Fetch an item from a database or data structure i.e list
response = User().get_user_by_id(id)

if response:
    ...
else:
    return Serializer.page_not_found()

#Example 2

Lets a look at how we can capture errors at the entry point of a flask application.

from flask import Flask
from arrotechtools import Serializer

app = Flask(__name__)
...

#register error handlers
app.register_error_handler(400, Serializer.bad_request)
app.register_error_handler(404, Serializer.page_not_found)
app.register_error_handler(405, Serializer.method_not_allowed)
app.register_error_handler(500, Serializer.internal_server_error)

This is a straight forward way of handling errors in flask.

Tokens

Using the Serializer class you can also encode your own tokens. You can as well decode those tokens and generate urls using them.

Encode Tokens

This is how to encode your token with an email:

from flask import current_app
from arrotechtools import Serializer

email = "[e-mail]"
token = Serializer.default_encode_token(current_app.config['SECRET_KEY'], email, salt='confirm-email-key')

All you need to pass to the default_encode_token method is an instance of your application secret key, variable(email or username), and a salt key.

Decode Tokens

You can as well decode your encoded tokens:

from flask import current_app
from arrotechtools import Serializer

token = "JFKUjIFoOGIFCOIjVISFCJVH.FVIWFHIWFIQDVHi.CVIWIVCWHIC"

try:
    email = Serializer.default_decode_token(current_app.config['SECRET_KEY']
        token, salt='confirm-email-key', expiration=3600)
except Exception:
    return raise_error(404, "resource not found")

Generate URLs

This is how to generate url:

With Blueprints

from arrotechtools import Serializer

confirm_url = Serializer.generate_url('blueprint_1.confirm_email', token=token)

The first argument is the blueprint name and the method name i.e blueprint_name.method_name. Then provide a token.

Without Blueprints

from arrotechtools import Serializer

confirm_url = Serializer.generate_url('confirm_email', token=token)

The first argument is the method name i.e method_name. Then provide a token.

Asynchronous Emails

This is how to send a simple email using the send_email method. You should first create an instance of your application and then configure your mail server as follows:

from flask import Flask, render_template
from arrotechtools import send_email

app = Flask(__name_)

app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.gmail.com'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 465
app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = '[e-mail]'
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = 'YOUR_PASSWORD'
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = False
app.config['MAIL_USE_SSL'] = True

...

send_email(app,
           'Confirm Your Email',
           sender='[e-mail]',
           recipients=['[e-mail]', '[e-mail]'],
           text_body=render_template(
           'email_confirmation.txt'),
           html_body=render_template('email_confirmation.html')

...

The send email method takes the following variables as arguments:

1. Instance of the flask application: app
2. Subject: Confirm Your Email
3. sender: [e-mail]
4. recipients: List of emails for the recipients
5. text_body : Text template
6. html_body: HTML template

Tasks

Asynchronous Tasks with Celery

You can create async tasks with celery in order to run certain tasks on the background. This method is so important when sending async emails. In this section we will see how we can send async emails using celery.

from flask import Flask
from arrotechtools import make_celery

app = Flask(__name__)

# configure your email server as explained in the previous section

# define a task
celery = make_app(app, 'your broker url', 'your backend url')

# register task
@celery.task(name="my_task.send_email_with_attachement")
def send_email_with_attachement():
    ...

# use task
send_email_with_attachement.delay()

...

The make_app method takes an instance of the application, broker_url, and backend_url as arguments. The name of the task should follow the following procedure: task_name.method_name where task name is any you can think of and the method name is the name of your method.

Admin Protected Route

This is a function that takes an array of users as an argument and checks if the role is an admin. If that isn't the case, the function returns an unauthorized status code and message. Otherwise, the user is permitted to use the function.

How to use the decorator to protect routes

example:

from functools import partial
from arrotechtools import admin_required
from your_database import User

admin_route = partial(admin_required, users=User.query.all())

@jwt_required
@admin_route
def signup():
    ...

Partial method returns a new partial object which when called will behave like func called with the positional arguments args and keyword arguments keywords. If more arguments are supplied to the call, they are appended to args. If additional keyword arguments are supplied, they extend and override keywords.

Support Team

Email: [e-mail]
Phone: [phone]

Authors

Harun Gachanja G.