azure-identity 1.4.0b6

Microsoft Azure Identity Library for Python

Azure Identity client library for Python

Azure Identity authenticating with Azure Active Directory for Azure SDK libraries. It provides credentials Azure SDK clients can use to authenticate their requests.

This library currently supports:

• Service principal authentication
• Managed identity authentication
• User authentication

Source code | Package (PyPI) | API reference documentation | Azure Active Directory documentation

Getting started

Prerequisites

• an Azure subscription
• Python 2.7 or 3.5.3+

Install the package

Install Azure Identity with pip:

pip install azure-identity

Creating a Service Principal with the Azure CLI

This library doesn't require a service principal, but Azure applications commonly use them for authentication. If you need to create one, you can use this Azure CLI snippet. Before using it, replace "http://my-application" with a more appropriate name for your service principal.

Create a service principal:

az ad sp create-for-rbac --name http://my-application --skip-assignment

Example output:

{
    "appId": "generated-app-id",
    "displayName": "app-name",
    "name": "http://my-application",
    "password": "random-password",
    "tenant": "tenant-id"
}

Azure Identity can authenticate as this service principal using its tenant id ("tenant" above), client id ("appId" above), and client secret ("password" above).

Key concepts

Credentials

A credential is a class which contains or can obtain the data needed for a service client to authenticate requests. Service clients across the Azure SDK accept credentials as constructor parameters, as described in their documentation. The next steps section below contains a partial list of client libraries accepting Azure Identity credentials.

Credential classes are found in the azure.identity namespace. They differ in the types of identities they can authenticate as, and in their configuration:

credential class	identity	configuration
DefaultAzureCredential	service principal, managed identity, user	none for managed identity, environment variables for service principal or user authentication
ManagedIdentityCredential	managed identity	none
EnvironmentCredential	service principal, user	environment variables
ClientSecretCredential	service principal	constructor parameters
CertificateCredential	service principal	constructor parameters
DeviceCodeCredential	user	constructor parameters
InteractiveBrowserCredential	user	constructor parameters
UsernamePasswordCredential	user	constructor parameters

Credentials can be chained together and tried in turn until one succeeds; see chaining credentials for details.

Service principal and managed identity credentials have async equivalents in the azure.identity.aio namespace, supported on Python 3.5.3+. See the async credentials example for details. Async user credentials will be part of a future release.

DefaultAzureCredential

DefaultAzureCredential is appropriate for most applications intended to run in Azure. It can authenticate as a service principal, managed identity, or user, and can be configured for local development and production environments without code changes.

To authenticate as a service principal, provide configuration in environment variables as described in the next section.

Authenticating as a managed identity requires no configuration but is only possible in a supported hosting environment. See Azure Active Directory's managed identity documentation for more information.

Single sign-on

During local development on Windows, DefaultAzureCredential can authenticate using a single sign-on shared with Microsoft applications, for example Visual Studio 2019. This may require additional configuration when multiple identities have signed in. In that case, set the environment variables AZURE_USERNAME (typically an email address) and AZURE_TENANT_ID to select the desired identity. Either, or both, may be set.

Environment variables

DefaultAzureCredential and EnvironmentCredential can be configured with environment variables. Each type of authentication requires values for specific variables:

Service principal with secret

variable name	value
AZURE_CLIENT_ID	id of an Azure Active Directory application
AZURE_TENANT_ID	id of the application's Azure Active Directory tenant
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET	one of the application's client secrets

Service principal with certificate

variable name	value
AZURE_CLIENT_ID	id of an Azure Active Directory application
AZURE_TENANT_ID	id of the application's Azure Active Directory tenant
AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PATH	path to a PEM-encoded certificate file including private key (without password protection)

Username and password

variable name	value
AZURE_CLIENT_ID	id of an Azure Active Directory application
AZURE_USERNAME	a username (usually an email address)
AZURE_PASSWORD	that user's password

Note: username/password authentication is not supported by the async API (azure.identity.aio)

Configuration is attempted in the above order. For example, if values for a client secret and certificate are both present, the client secret will be used.

Examples

Authenticating with DefaultAzureCredential

This example demonstrates authenticating the BlobServiceClient from the azure-storage-blob library using DefaultAzureCredential.

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient

# This credential first checks environment variables for configuration as described above.
# If environment configuration is incomplete, it will try managed identity.
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

client = BlobServiceClient(account_url, credential=credential)

Authenticating a service principal with a client secret:

This example demonstrates authenticating the KeyClient from the azure-keyvault-keys library using ClientSecretCredential.

from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential
from azure.keyvault.keys import KeyClient

credential = ClientSecretCredential(tenant_id, client_id, client_secret)

client = KeyClient("https://my-vault.vault.azure.net", credential)

Authenticating a service principal with a certificate:

This example demonstrates authenticating the SecretClient from the azure-keyvault-secrets library using CertificateCredential.

from azure.identity import CertificateCredential
from azure.keyvault.secrets import SecretClient

# requires a PEM-encoded certificate with private key
cert_path = "/app/certs/certificate.pem"
credential = CertificateCredential(tenant_id, client_id, cert_path)

# if the private key is password protected, provide a 'password' keyword argument
credential = CertificateCredential(tenant_id, client_id, cert_path, password="cert-password")


client = SecretClient("https://my-vault.vault.azure.net", credential)

Chaining credentials

ChainedTokenCredential links multiple credential instances to be tried sequentially when authenticating. It will try each chained credential in turn until one provides a token or fails to authenticate due to an error.

The following example demonstrates creating a credential which will attempt to authenticate using managed identity, and fall back to a service principal when managed identity is unavailable. This example uses the EventHubClient from the azure-eventhub client library.

from azure.eventhub import EventHubClient
from azure.identity import ChainedTokenCredential, ClientSecretCredential, ManagedIdentityCredential

managed_identity = ManagedIdentityCredential()
service_principal = ClientSecretCredential(tenant_id, client_id, client_secret)

# when an access token is needed, the chain will try each credential in order,
# stopping when one provides a token or fails to authenticate due to an error
credential_chain = ChainedTokenCredential(managed_identity, service_principal)

# the ChainedTokenCredential can be used anywhere a credential is required
client = EventHubClient(host, event_hub_path, credential_chain)

Async credentials:

This library includes an async API supported on Python 3.5+. To use the async credentials in azure.identity.aio, you must first install an async transport, such as aiohttp. See azure-core documentation for more information.

Async credentials should be closed when they're no longer needed. Each async credential is an async context manager and defines an async close method. For example:

from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential

# call close when the credential is no longer needed
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
...
await credential.close()

# alternatively, use the credential as an async context manager
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
async with credential:
  ...

This example demonstrates authenticating the asynchronous SecretClient from azure-keyvault-secrets with an asynchronous credential.

# most credentials have async equivalents supported on Python 3.5.3+
from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.keyvault.secrets.aio import SecretClient

# async credentials have the same API and configuration as their synchronous
# counterparts, and are used with (async) Azure SDK clients in the same way
default_credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
client = SecretClient("https://my-vault.vault.azure.net", default_credential)

Troubleshooting

General

Credentials raise CredentialUnavailableError when they're unable to attempt authentication because they lack required data or state. For example, EnvironmentCredential will raise this exception when its configuration is incomplete.

Credentials raise azure.core.exceptions.ClientAuthenticationError when they fail to authenticate. ClientAuthenticationError has a message attribute which describes why authentication failed. When raised by DefaultAzureCredential or ChainedTokenCredential, the message collects error messages from each credential in the chain.

For more details on handling Azure Active Directory errors please refer to the Azure Active Directory error code documentation.

Next steps

Client library support

This is an incomplete list of client libraries accepting Azure Identity credentials. You can learn more about these libraries, and find additional documentation of them, at the links below.

• azure-appconfiguration
• azure-eventhub
• azure-keyvault-certificates
• azure-keyvault-keys
• azure-keyvault-secrets
• azure-storage-blob
• azure-storage-queue

Provide Feedback

If you encounter bugs or have suggestions, please open an issue.

Contributing

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information, see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact [e-mail] with any additional questions or comments.

Release History

1.4.0b6 (2020-07-07)

• AzureCliCredential no longer raises an exception due to unexpected output from the CLI when run by PyCharm (thanks @NVolcz) (#11362)
• Upgraded minimum msal version to 1.3.0
• The async AzureCliCredential correctly invokes /bin/sh (#12048)

1.4.0b5 (2020-06-12)

• Prevent an error on importing AzureCliCredential on Windows caused by a bug in old versions of Python 3.6 (this bug was fixed in Python 3.6.5). (#12014)
• SharedTokenCacheCredential.get_token raises ValueError instead of ClientAuthenticationError when called with no scopes. (#11553)

1.4.0b4 (2020-06-09)

• ManagedIdentityCredential can configure a user-assigned identity using any identifier supported by the current hosting environment. To specify an identity by its client ID, continue using the client_id argument. To specify an identity by any other ID, use the identity_config argument, for example: ManagedIdentityCredential(identity_config={"object_id": ".."}) (#10989)
• CertificateCredential and ClientSecretCredential can optionally store access tokens they acquire in a persistent cache. To enable this, construct the credential with enable_persistent_cache=True. On Linux, the persistent cache requires libsecret and pygobject. If these are unavailable or unusable (e.g. in an SSH session), loading the persistent cache will raise an error. You may optionally configure the credential to fall back to an unencrypted cache by constructing it with keyword argument allow_unencrypted_cache=True. (#11347)
• AzureCliCredential raises CredentialUnavailableError when no user is logged in to the Azure CLI. (#11819)
• AzureCliCredential and VSCodeCredential, which enable authenticating as the identity signed in to the Azure CLI and Visual Studio Code, respectively, can be imported from azure.identity and azure.identity.aio.
• azure.identity.aio.AuthorizationCodeCredential.get_token() no longer accepts optional keyword arguments executor or loop. Prior versions of the method didn't use these correctly, provoking exceptions, and internal changes in this version have made them obsolete.
• InteractiveBrowserCredential raises CredentialUnavailableError when it can't start an HTTP server on localhost. (#11665)
• When constructing DefaultAzureCredential, you can now configure a tenant ID for InteractiveBrowserCredential. When none is specified, the credential authenticates users in their home tenants. To specify a different tenant, use the keyword argument interactive_browser_tenant_id, or set the environment variable AZURE_TENANT_ID. (#11548)
• SharedTokenCacheCredential can be initialized with an AuthenticationRecord provided by a user credential. (#11448)
• The user authentication API added to DeviceCodeCredential and InteractiveBrowserCredential in 1.4.0b3 is available on UsernamePasswordCredential as well. (#11449)
• The optional persistent cache for DeviceCodeCredential and InteractiveBrowserCredential added in 1.4.0b3 is now available on Linux and macOS as well as Windows. (#11134)
  • On Linux, the persistent cache requires libsecret and pygobject. If these are unavailable, or libsecret is unusable (e.g. in an SSH session), loading the persistent cache will raise an error. You may optionally configure the credential to fall back to an unencrypted cache by constructing it with keyword argument allow_unencrypted_cache=True.

1.4.0b3 (2020-05-04)

• EnvironmentCredential correctly initializes UsernamePasswordCredential with the value of AZURE_TENANT_ID (#11127)
• Values for the constructor keyword argument authority and AZURE_AUTHORITY_HOST may optionally specify an "https" scheme. For example, "https://login.microsoftonline.us" and "login.microsoftonline.us" are both valid. (#10819)
• First preview of new API for authenticating users with DeviceCodeCredential and InteractiveBrowserCredential (#10612)
  • new method authenticate interactively authenticates a user, returns a serializable AuthenticationRecord
  • new constructor keyword arguments
    • authentication_record enables initializing a credential with an AuthenticationRecord from a prior authentication
    • disable_automatic_authentication=True configures the credential to raise AuthenticationRequiredError when interactive authentication is necessary to acquire a token rather than immediately begin that authentication
    • enable_persistent_cache=True configures these credentials to use a persistent cache on supported platforms (in this release, Windows only). By default they cache in memory only.
• Now DefaultAzureCredential can authenticate with the identity signed in to Visual Studio Code's Azure extension. (#10472)

1.4.0b2 (2020-04-06)

• After an instance of DefaultAzureCredential successfully authenticates, it uses the same authentication method for every subsequent token request. This makes subsequent requests more efficient, and prevents unexpected changes of authentication method. (#10349)
• All get_token methods consistently require at least one scope argument, raising an error when none is passed. Although get_token() may sometimes have succeeded in prior versions, it couldn't do so consistently because its behavior was undefined, and dependened on the credential's type and internal state. (#10243)
• SharedTokenCacheCredential raises CredentialUnavailableError when the cache is available but contains ambiguous or insufficient information. This causes ChainedTokenCredential to correctly try the next credential in the chain. (#10631)
• The host of the Active Directory endpoint credentials should use can be set in the environment variable AZURE_AUTHORITY_HOST. See azure.identity.KnownAuthorities for a list of common values. (#8094)

1.3.1 (2020-03-30)

• ManagedIdentityCredential raises CredentialUnavailableError when no identity is configured for an IMDS endpoint. This causes ChainedTokenCredential to correctly try the next credential in the chain. (#10488)

1.4.0b1 (2020-03-10)

• DefaultAzureCredential can now authenticate using the identity logged in to the Azure CLI, unless explicitly disabled with a keyword argument: DefaultAzureCredential(exclude_cli_credential=True) (#10092)

1.3.0 (2020-02-11)

• Correctly parse token expiration time on Windows App Service (#9393)
• Credentials raise CredentialUnavailableError when they can't attempt to authenticate due to missing data or state (#9372)
• CertificateCredential supports password-protected private keys (#9434)

1.2.0 (2020-01-14)

• All credential pipelines include ProxyPolicy (#8945)
• Async credentials are async context managers and have an async close method (#9090)

1.1.0 (2019-11-27)

• Constructing DefaultAzureCredential no longer raises ImportError on Python 3.8 on Windows (8294)
• InteractiveBrowserCredential raises when unable to open a web browser (8465)
• InteractiveBrowserCredential prompts for account selection (8470)
• The credentials composing DefaultAzureCredential are configurable by keyword arguments (8514)
• SharedTokenCacheCredential accepts an optional tenant_id keyword argument (8689)

1.0.1 (2019-11-05)

• ClientCertificateCredential uses application and tenant IDs correctly (8315)
• InteractiveBrowserCredential properly caches tokens (8352)
• Adopted msal 1.0.0 and msal-extensions 0.1.3 (8359)

1.0.0 (2019-10-29)

Breaking changes:

• Async credentials now default to aiohttp for transport but the library does not require it as a dependency because the async API is optional. To use async credentials, please install aiohttp or see azure-core documentation for information about customizing the transport.
• Renamed ClientSecretCredential parameter "secret" to "client_secret"
• All credentials with tenant_id and client_id positional parameters now accept them in that order
• Changes to InteractiveBrowserCredential parameters
  • positional parameter client_id is now an optional keyword argument. If no value is provided, the Azure CLI's client ID will be used.
  • Optional keyword argument tenant renamed tenant_id
• Changes to DeviceCodeCredential
  • optional positional parameter prompt_callback is now a keyword argument
  • prompt_callback's third argument is now a datetime representing the expiration time of the device code
  • optional keyword argument tenant renamed tenant_id
• Changes to ManagedIdentityCredential
  • now accepts no positional arguments, and only one keyword argument: client_id
  • transport configuration is now done through keyword arguments as described in azure-core documentation

Fixes and improvements:

• Authenticating with a single sign-on shared with other Microsoft applications only requires a username when multiple users have signed in (#8095)
• DefaultAzureCredential accepts an authority keyword argument, enabling its use in national clouds (#8154)

Dependency changes

• Adopted msal_extensions 0.1.2
• Constrained msal requirement to >=0.4.1, <1.0.0

1.0.0b4 (2019-10-07)

New features:

• AuthorizationCodeCredential authenticates with a previously obtained authorization code. See Azure Active Directory's authorization code documentation for more information about this authentication flow.
• Multi-cloud support: client credentials accept the authority of an Azure Active Directory authentication endpoint as an authority keyword argument. Known authorities are defined in azure.identity.KnownAuthorities. The default authority is for Azure Public Cloud, login.microsoftonline.com (KnownAuthorities.AZURE_PUBLIC_CLOUD). An application running in Azure Government would use KnownAuthorities.AZURE_GOVERNMENT instead:

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential, KnownAuthorities
credential = DefaultAzureCredential(authority=KnownAuthorities.AZURE_GOVERNMENT)

Breaking changes:

• Removed client_secret parameter from InteractiveBrowserCredential

Fixes and improvements:

• UsernamePasswordCredential correctly handles environment configuration with no tenant information (#7260)
• user realm discovery requests are sent through credential pipelines (#7260)

1.0.0b3 (2019-09-10)

New features:

• SharedTokenCacheCredential authenticates with tokens stored in a local cache shared by Microsoft applications. This enables Azure SDK clients to authenticate silently after you've signed in to Visual Studio 2019, for example. DefaultAzureCredential includes SharedTokenCacheCredential when the shared cache is available, and environment variable AZURE_USERNAME is set. See the README for more information.

Dependency changes:

• New dependency: msal-extensions 0.1.1

1.0.0b2 (2019-08-05)

Breaking changes:

• Removed azure.core.Configuration from the public API in preparation for a revamped configuration API. Static create_config methods have been renamed _create_config, and will be removed in a future release.

Dependency changes:

• Adopted azure-core 1.0.0b2
  • If you later want to revert to a version requiring azure-core 1.0.0b1, of this or another Azure SDK library, you must explicitly install azure-core 1.0.0b1 as well. For example: pip install azure-core==1.0.0b1 azure-identity==1.0.0b1
• Adopted MSAL 0.4.1
• New dependency for Python 2.7: mock

New features:

• Added credentials for authenticating users: DeviceCodeCredential, InteractiveBrowserCredential, UsernamePasswordCredential
  • async versions of these credentials will be added in a future release

1.0.0b1 (2019-06-28)

Version 1.0.0b1 is the first preview of our efforts to create a user-friendly and Pythonic authentication API for Azure SDK client libraries. For more information about preview releases of other Azure SDK libraries, please visit https://aka.ms/azure-sdk-preview1-python.

This release supports service principal and managed identity authentication. See the documentation for more details. User authentication will be added in an upcoming preview release.

This release supports only global Azure Active Directory tenants, i.e. those using the https://login.microsoftonline.com authentication endpoint.