Bayesian Tuning and Bandits
Project description
An open source project from Data to AI Lab at MIT.
A simple, extensible backend for developing auto-tuning systems.
- Free software: MIT license
- Development Status: Pre-Alpha
- Documentation: https://HDI-Project.github.io/BTB
- Homepage: https://github.com/HDI-Project/BTB
Overview
BTB ("Bayesian Tuning and Bandits") is a simple, extensible backend for developing auto-tuning systems such as AutoML systems. It provides an easy-to-use interface for tuning and selection.
It is currently being used in several AutoML systems:
- ATM, distributed, multi-tenant AutoML system for classifier tuning
- MIT TA2, MIT's system for the DARPA Data-driven discovery of models (D3M) program
- AutoBazaar, a flexible, general-purpose AutoML system
Quickstart
Install
BTB has been developed and tested on Python 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7.
pip install baytune
This will pull and install the latest stable release from PyPI.
Tuners
Tuners are specifically designed to speed up the process of selecting the optimal hyper parameter values for a specific machine learning algorithm.
btb.tuning.tuners
defines Tuners: classes with a fit/predict/propose interface for
suggesting sets of hyperparameters.
This is done by following a Bayesian Optimization approach and iteratively:
- letting the tuner propose new sets of hyper parameter
- fitting and scoring the model with the proposed hyper parameters
- passing the score obtained back to the tuner
At each iteration the tuner will use the information already obtained to propose the set of hyper parameters that it considers that have the highest probability to obtain the best results.
To instantiate a Tuner
all we need is a Tunable
class with a collection of
hyperparameters
.
>>> from btb.tuning import Tunable
>>> from btb.tuning.tuners import GPTuner
>>> from btb.tuning.hyperparams import IntHyperParam
>>> hyperparams = {
... 'n_estimators': IntHyperParam(min=10, max=500),
... 'max_depth': IntHyperParam(min=10, max=500),
... }
>>> tunable = Tunable(hyperparams)
>>> tuner = GPTuner(tunable)
Then we perform the following three steps in a loop.
-
Let the Tuner propose a new set of parameters:
>>> parameters = tuner.propose() >>> parameters {'n_estimators': 297, 'max_depth': 3}
-
Fit and score a new model using these parameters:
>>> model = RandomForestClassifier(**parameters) >>> model.fit(X_train, y_train) RandomForestClassifier(bootstrap=True, class_weight=None, criterion='gini', max_depth=3, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None, min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None, min_samples_leaf=1, min_samples_split=2, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, n_estimators=297, n_jobs=1, oob_score=False, random_state=None, verbose=0, warm_start=False) >>> score = model.score(X_test, y_test) >>> score 0.77
-
Pass the used parameters and the score obtained back to the tuner:
tuner.record(parameters, score)
At each iteration, the Tuner
will use the information about the previous tests
to evaluate and propose the set of parameter values that have the highest probability
of obtaining the highest score.
Selectors
The selectors are intended to be used in combination with tuners in order to find out and decide which model seems to get the best results once it is properly fine tuned.
In order to use the selector we will create a Tuner
instance for each model that
we want to try out, as well as the Selector
instance.
>>> from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
>>> from sklearn.svm import SVC
>>> from btb.selection import UCB1
>>> from btb.tuning.hyperparams import FloatHyperParam
>>> models = {
... 'RF': RandomForestClassifier,
... 'SVC': SVC
... }
>>> selector = UCB1(['RF', 'SVC'])
>>> rf_hyperparams = {
... 'n_estimators': IntHyperParam(min=10, max=500),
... 'max_depth': IntHyperParam(min=3, max=20)
... }
>>> rf_tunable = Tunable(rf_hyperparams)
>>> svc_hyperparams = {
... 'C': FloatHyperParam(min=0.01, max=10.0),
... 'gamma': FloatHyperParam(0.000000001, 0.0000001)
... }
>>> svc_tunable = Tunable(svc_hyperparams)
>>> tuners = {
... 'RF': GPTuner(rf_tunable),
... 'SVC': GPTuner(svc_tunable)
... }
Then we perform the following steps in a loop.
-
Pass all the obtained scores to the selector and let it decide which model to test.
>>> next_choice = selector.select({ ... 'RF': tuners['RF'].scores, ... 'SVC': tuners['SVC'].scores ... }) >>> next_choice 'RF'
-
Obtain a new set of parameters from the indicated tuner and create a model instance.
>>> parameters = tuners[next_choice].propose() >>> parameters {'n_estimators': 289, 'max_depth': 18} >>> model = models[next_choice](**parameters)
-
Evaluate the score of the new model instance and pass it back to the tuner
>>> model.fit(X_train, y_train) RandomForestClassifier(bootstrap=True, class_weight=None, criterion='gini', max_depth=18, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None, min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None, min_samples_leaf=1, min_samples_split=2, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, n_estimators=289, n_jobs=1, oob_score=False, random_state=None, verbose=0, warm_start=False) >>> score = model.score(X_test, y_test) >>> score 0.89 >>> tuners[next_choice].record(parameters, score)
What's next?
For more details about BTB and all its possibilities and features, please check the project documentation site!
Citing BTB
If you use BTB, please consider citing our related papers.
-
For the initial design and implementation of BTB (v0.1):
Laura Gustafson. Bayesian Tuning and Bandits: An Extensible, Open Source Library for AutoML. Masters thesis, MIT EECS, June 2018. (pdf)
@MastersThesis{Laura:2018, title = {Bayesian Tuning and Bandits: An Extensible, Open Source Library for AutoML}, author = {Laura Gustafson}, month = {May}, year = {2018}, url = {https://dai.lids.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Laura_MEng_Final.pdf}, type = {M. Eng Thesis}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, school = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology}", }
-
For recent designs of BTB and its usage within the larger ML Bazaar project within the MIT Data to AI Lab:
Micah J. Smith, Carles Sala, James Max Kanter, and Kalyan Veeramachaneni. "The Machine Learning Bazaar: Harnessing the ML Ecosystem for Effective System Development." arXiv Preprint 1905.08942. 2019.
@article{smith2019mlbazaar, author = {Smith, Micah J. and Sala, Carles and Kanter, James Max and Veeramachaneni, Kalyan}, title = {The Machine Learning Bazaar: Harnessing the ML Ecosystem for Effective System Development}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, year = {2019}, eid = {arXiv:1905.08942}, pages = {arXiv:1905.08942}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, eprint = {1905.08942}, }
History
0.3.5 - 2020-01-21
With this release we are improving BTBSession
by adding private attributes, or not intended to
be public / modified by the user and also improving the documentation of it.
Internal Improvements
Improved docstrings, unittests and public interface of BTBSession
.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #162: Fix session with the given comments on PR 156.
0.3.4 - 2019-12-24
With this release we introduce a BTBSession
class. This class represents the process of selecting
and tuning several tunables until the best possible configuration fo a specific scorer
is found.
We also have improved and fixed some minor bugs arround the code (described in the issues below).
New Features
BTBSession
that makesBTB
more user friendly.
Internal Improvements
Improved unittests, removed old dependencies, added more MLChallenges
and fixed an issue with
the bound methods.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #145: Implement
BTBSession
. - Issue #155: Set defaut to
None
forCategoricalHyperParam
is not possible. - Issue #157: Metamodel
_MODEL_KWARGS_DEFAULT
becomes mutable. - Issue #158: Remove
mock
dependency from the package. - Issue #160: Add more Machine Learning Challenges and more estimators.
0.3.3 - 2019-12-11
Fix a bug where creating an instance of Tuner
ends in an error.
Internal Improvements
Improve unittests to use spec_set
in order to detect errors while mocking an object.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #153: Bug with tunner logger message that avoids creating the Tunner.
0.3.2 - 2019-12-10
With this release we add the new benchmark
challenge MLChallenge
which allows users to
perform benchmarking over datasets with machine learning estimators, and also some new
features to make the workflow easier.
New Features
- New
MLChallenge
challenge that allows performing crossvalidation over datasets and machine learning estimators. - New
from_dict
function forTunable
class in order to instantiate from a dictionary that contains information over hyperparameters. - New
default
value for each hyperparameter type.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #68: Remove
btb.tuning.constants
module. - Issue #120: Tuner repr not helpful.
- Issue #121: HyperParameter repr not helpful.
- Issue #141: Imlement propper logging to the tuning section.
- Issue #150: Implement Tunable
from_dict
. - Issue #151: Add default value for hyperparameters.
- Issue #152: Support
None
as a choice inCategoricalHyperPrameters
.
0.3.1 - 2019-11-25
With this release we introduce a benchmark
module for BTB
which allows the users to perform
a benchmark over a series of challenges
.
New Features
- New
benchmark
module. - New submodule named
challenges
to work toghether withbenchmark
module.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #139: Implement a Benchmark for BTB
0.3.0 - 2019-11-11
With this release we introduce an improved BTB
that has a major reorganization of the project
with emphasis on an easier way of interacting with BTB
and an easy way of developing, testing and
contributing new acquisition functions, metamodels, tuners and hyperparameters.
New project structure
The new major reorganization comes with the btb.tuning
module. This module provides everything
needed for the tuning
process and comes with three new additions Acquisition
, Metamodel
and
Tunable
. Also there is an update to the Hyperparamters
and Tuners
. This changes are meant
to help developers and contributors to easily develop, test and contribute new Tuners
.
New API
There is a slightly new way of using BTB
as the new Tunable
class is introduced, that is meant
to be the only requiered object to instantiate a Tuner
. This Tunable
class represents a
collection of HyperParams
that need to be tuned as a whole, at once. Now, in order to create a
Tuner
, a Tunable
instance must be created first with the hyperparameters
of the
objective function
.
New Features
- New
Hyperparameters
that allow an easier interaction for the final user. - New
Tunable
class that manages a collection ofHyperparameters
. - New
Tuner
class that is a python mixin that requieres ofAcquisition
andMetamodel
as parents. Also now works with a singleTunable
object. - New
Acquisition
class, meant to implement an acquisition function to be inherit by aTuner
. - New
Metamodel
class, meant to implement everything that a certainmodel
needs and be inherit by theTuner
. - Reorganization of the
selection
module to follow a similarAPI
totuning
.
Resolved Issues
- Issue #131: Reorganize the project structure.
- Issue #133: Implement Tunable class to control a list of hyperparameters.
- Issue #134: Implementation of Tuners for the new structure.
- Issue #140: Reorganize selectors.
0.2.5
Bug Fixes
- Issue #115: HyperParameter subclass instantiation not working properly
0.2.4
Internal Improvements
- Issue #62: Test for
None
inHyperParameter.cast
instead ofHyperParameter.__init__
Bug fixes
- Issue #98: Categorical hyperparameters do not support
None
as input - Issue #89: Fix the computation of
avg_rewards
inBestKReward
0.2.3
Bug Fixes
- Issue #84: Error in GP tuning when only one parameter is present bug
- Issue #96: Fix pickling of HyperParameters
- Issue #98: Fix implementation of the GPEi tuner
0.2.2
Internal Improvements
- Updated documentation
Bug Fixes
- Issue #94: Fix unicode
param_type
caused error on python 2.
0.2.1
Bug fixes
- Issue #74:
ParamTypes.STRING
tunables do not work
0.2.0
New Features
- New Recommendation module
- New HyperParameter types
- Improved documentation and examples
- Fully tested Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 compatibility
- HyperParameter copy and deepcopy support
- Replace print statements with logging
Internal Improvements
- Integrated with Travis-CI
- Exhaustive unit testing
- New implementation of HyperParameter
- Tuner builds a grid of real values instead of indices
- Resolve Issue #29: Make args explicit in
__init__
methods - Resolve Issue #34: make all imports explicit
Bug Fixes
- Fix error from mixing string/numerical hyperparameters
- Inverse transform for categorical hyperparameter returns single item
0.1.2
- Issue #47: Add missing requirements in v0.1.1 setup.py
- Issue #46: Error on v0.1.1: 'GP' object has no attribute 'X'
0.1.1
- First release.
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