CSS & HTML on Python Easily
Project description
Chope
CSS & HTML on Python Easily.
Chope is a library that aims to provide a HTML and CSS domain-specific language (DSL) for Python. It draws inspiration from Clojure's Hiccup and JavaScript's Emotion.
Install
Chope can be installed through pip.
pip install chope
Syntax
Here is a basic example of Chope syntax:
from chope import *
from chope.css import *
page = html[
head[
style[
Css[
'body': dict(
background_color='linen',
font_size=pt/12
),
'.inner-div': dict(
color='maroon',
margin_left=px/40
)
]
]
],
body[
h1['Title'],
div(class_='outer-div')[
div(class_='inner-div')[
'Some content.'
]
]
]
]
HTML
Declaring an element is as simple as this:
# <div>content</div>
div['content']
Element attributes can be specified like so:
# <div id="my-id" class="my-class your-class">content</div>
div(id='my-id', class_='my-class your-class')['content']
Notice the _ suffix in the class_ attribute. This suffix is necessary for any attribute names that clashes with any Python keyword.
You can also define id and class using CSS selector syntax:
# <div id="my-id" class="my-class your-class" title="Title">content</div>
div('#my-id.my-class.your-class', title='Title')['content']
Iterables can be used to generate a sequence of elements in the body of an element.
# <ul><li>0</li><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>
ul[
(li[str(i)] for i in range(3))
]
Creating custom elements
If you want to create a custom element with a custom tag, simply inherit from the Element class.
from chope import Element
class custom(Element): ## class name will be used as tag name during rendering
pass
custom['some content.'] ## <custom>some content.</custom>
Normally, you don't need to override any method of Element, but if you want to change how your element is rendered, you can override the render() method.
CSS
The CSS syntax in Chope is simply a mapping between CSS selector strings and declarations dictionaries.
Here's how a simple CSS stylesheet looks like in Chope:
'''
h1 {
color: blue;
}
.my-class {
background-color: linen;
text-align: center;
}
'''
Css[
'h1': dict(
color='blue'
),
'.my-class': dict(
background_color='linen',
text_align='center'
)
]
# OR
Css[
'h1': {
'color': 'blue'
},
'.my-class': {
'background-color': 'linen',
'text-align': 'center'
}
]
When you do declarations using the dict constructor, any _ will be converted to - automatically.
If your attribute name actually contains an _, declare using dictionary literal instead.
Units
Declaring size properties is very simple:
'''
.my-class {
font-size: 14px;
margin: 20%;
}
'''
Css[
'.my-class': dict(
font_size=px/14,
margin=percent/20
)
]
Chope supports standard HTML units. (e.g.em, rem, pt, etc.)
To set properties with multiple values, simply pass an iterable or a string.
'''
.my-class {
padding: 58px 0 0;
}
'''
Css[
'.my-class': dict(
padding=(px/58, 0, 0)
)
]
# OR
Css[
'.my-class': dict(
padding='58px 0 0'
)
]
Render
Once you are done defining your CSS and HTML, you can render them into string using the render() method.
>>> page = html[
head[
style[
Css[
'.item': dict(font_size=px/14)
]
]
],
body[
div('#my-item.item')['My content.']
]
]
>>> print(page.render())
'<html>
<head>
<style>
.item {
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="my-item" class="item">
My content.
</div>
</body>
</html>'
By default, render() will add indentations with 2 spaces. You can modify this using the indent keyword argument.
>>> print(page.render(indent=4))
'<html>
<head>
<style>
.item {
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="my-item" class="item">
My content.
</div>
</body>
</html>'
>>> print(page.render(indent=0)) ## render flat string
'<html><head><style>.item {font-size: 14px;}</style></head><body><div id="my-item" class="item">My content.</div></body></html>'
CSS objects can also be rendered the same way.
>>> css = Css[
'h1': dict(font_size=px/14),
'.my-class': dict(
color='blue',
padding=(0,0,px/20)
)
]
>>> print(css.render())
'h1 {
font-size: 14px;
}
.my-class {
color: blue;
padding: 0 0 20px;
}'
Variable
If you'd like to build a HTML template, you can do so using the Var object.
from chope import *
from chope.variable import Var
template = html[
div[Var('my-content')]
]
final_html = template.set_vars({'my-content': 'This is my content.'})
print(final_html.render(indent=0)) ## <html><div>This is my content.</div></html>
A variable can have a default value.
>>> print(div[Var('content', 'This is default content.')].render(indent=0))
<div>This is default content.</div>
Variable value can be set to an element.
>>> content = div[Var('inner')]
>>> new_content = content.set_vars({'inner': div['This is inner content.']})
>>> print(new_content.render())
<div>
<div>
This is inner content.
</div>
</div>
Var works in an element attribute as well.
>>> content = div(name=Var('name'))['My content.']
>>> new_content = content.set_vars({'name': 'my-content'})
>>> print(new_content.render())
<div name="my-content">
My content.
</div>
You can use Var in CSS too.
>>> css = Css[
# CSS rule as a variable
'h1': dict(font_size=Var('h1.font-size')),
# CSS declaration as a variable
'.my-class': Var('my-class')
]
>>> new_css = css.set_vars({'h1.font-size': px/1, 'my-class': {'color': 'blue'}})
>>> print(new_css.render())
h1 {
font-size: 1px;
}
.my-class {
color: blue;
}
The set of all variable names in an element/CSS can be retrieved using the get_vars() method.
>>> template = html[
style[
Css[
'h1': dict(font_size=Var('css.h1.font-size'))
]
],
div[
Var('main-content'),
div[
Var('inner-content')
]
]
]
>>> print(template.get_vars())
{'main-content', 'inner-content', 'css.h1.font-size'}
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