Parse, Audit, Query, Build, and Modify Cisco IOS-style and JunOS-style configs
Project description
ciscoconfparse
Introduction: What is ciscoconfparse?
Short answer: ciscoconfparse is a Python library that helps you quickly answer questions like these about your Cisco configurations:
- What interfaces are shutdown?
- Which interfaces are in trunk mode?
- What address and subnet mask is assigned to each interface?
- Which interfaces are missing a critical command?
- Is this configuration missing a standard config line?
It can help you:
- Audit existing router / switch / firewall / wlc configurations
- Modify existing configurations
- Build new configurations
Speaking generally, the library examines an IOS-style config and breaks it into a set of linked parent / child relationships. You can perform complex queries about these relationships.
Generic Usage
The following code will parse a configuration stored in
exampleswitch.conf
and select interfaces that are shutdown.
In this case, the parent is a line containing interface
and
the child is a line containing the word shutdown
.
from ciscoconfparse import CiscoConfParse
parse = CiscoConfParse('exampleswitch.conf', syntax='ios')
for intf_obj in parse.find_parent_objects('^interface', '^\s+shutdown'):
print("Shutdown: " + intf_obj.text)
The next example will find the IP address assigned to interfaces.
from ciscoconfparse import CiscoConfParse
parse = CiscoConfParse('exampleswitch.conf', syntax='ios')
for ccp_obj in parse.find_objects('^interface'):
intf_name = ccp_obj.re_match_typed('^interface\s+(\S.+?)$')
# Search children of all interfaces for a regex match and return
# the value matched in regex match group 1. If there is no match,
# return a default value: ''
intf_ip_addr = ccp_obj.re_match_iter_typed(
r'ip\saddress\s(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\s', result_type=str,
group=1, default='')
print(f"{intf_name}: {intf_ip_addr}")
Cisco IOS Factory Usage
CiscoConfParse has a special feature that abstracts common IOS / NXOS / ASA / IOSXR fields; at this time, it is only supported on those configuration types. You will see factory parsing in CiscoConfParse code as parsing the configuration with factory=True
. A fraction of these pre-parsed Cisco IOS fields follows; some variables are not used below, but simply called out for quick reference.
from ciscoconfparse import IPv4Obj, IPv6Obj
from ciscoconfparse import CiscoConfParse
##############################################################################
# Parse an example Cisco IOS HSRP configuration from:
# tests/fixtures/configs/sample_08.ios
#
# !
# interface FastEthernet0/0
# ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
# ipv6 dhcp server IPV6_2FL_NORTH_LAN
# ipv6 address fd01:ab00::/64 eui-64
# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
# ipv6 enable
# ipv6 ospf 11 area 0
# standby 110 ip 172.16.2.254
# standby 110 ipv6 autoconfig
# standby 110 priority 150
# standby 110 preempt delay minimum 15
# standby 110 track Dialer1 75
# standby 110 track FastEthernet 0/1
# standby 110 track FastEthernet1/0 30
# standby 111 ip 172.16.2.253
# standby 111 priority 150
# standby 111 preempt delay minimum 15
# standby 111 track Dialer1 50
#
##############################################################################
parse = CiscoConfParse('tests/fixtures/configs/sample_08.ios', syntax='ios', factory=True)
for ccp_obj in parse.find_objects('^interface'):
# Skip if there are no HSRPInterfaceGroup() instances...
if len(ccp_obj.hsrp_interfaces) == 0:
continue
# Interface name, such as 'FastEthernet0/0'
intf_name = ccp_obj.name
# Interface description
intf_description = ccp_obj.description
# IPv4Obj
intf_v4obj = ccp_obj.ipv4_addr_object
# IPv4 address object: ipaddress.IPv4Address()
intf_v4addr = ccp_obj.ipv4_addr_object.ip
# IPv4 netmask object: ipaddress.IPv4Address()
intf_v4masklength = ccp_obj.ipv4_addr_object.masklength
# set() of IPv4 secondary address/prefixlen strings
intf_v4secondary_networks = ccp_obj.ip_secondary_networks
# set() of IPv4 secondary address strings
intf_v4secondary_addresses = ccp_obj.ip_secondary_addresses
# List of HSRP IPv4 addrs from the ciscoconfpasre/models_cisco.py HSRPInterfaceGroup()
intf_hsrp_addresses = [hsrp_grp.ip for hsrp_grp in ccp_obj.hsrp_interfaces]
# A bool for using HSRP bia mac-address...
intf_hsrp_usebia = any([ii.use_bia for ii in ccp_obj.hsrp_interfaces])
##########################################################################
# Print a simple interface summary
##########################################################################
print("----")
print(f"Interface {ccp_obj.interface_object.name}: {intf_v4addr}/{intf_v4masklength}")
print(f" Interface {intf_name} description: {intf_description}")
##########################################################################
# Print HSRP Group interface tracking information
##########################################################################
print("")
print(f" HSRP tracking for {set([ii.interface_name for ii in ccp_obj.hsrp_interfaces])}")
for hsrp_intf_group in ccp_obj.hsrp_interfaces:
group = hsrp_intf_group.hsrp_group
# hsrp_intf_group.interface_tracking is a list of dictionaries
if len(hsrp_intf_group.interface_tracking) > 0:
print(f" --- HSRP Group {group} ---")
for track_intf in hsrp_intf_group.interface_tracking:
print(f" --- Tracking {track_intf.interface} ---")
print(f" Tracking interface: {track_intf.interface}")
print(f" Tracking decrement: {track_intf.decrement}")
print(f" Tracking weighting: {track_intf.weighting}")
##########################################################################
# Break out inidividual interface name components
# Example: 'Serial3/4/5.6:7 multipoint'
##########################################################################
# The base ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() instance
intf_cisco_interface = ccp_obj.interface_object
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() name, 'Serial3/4/5.6:7 multipoint'
intf_name = ccp_obj.interface_object.name
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() prefix, 'Serial'
intf_prefix = ccp_obj.interface_object.prefix
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() digit separator, '/'
digit_separator = ccp_obj.interface_object.digit_separator or ""
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() slot, 3
intf_slot = ccp_obj.interface_object.slot or ""
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() card, 4
intf_card = ccp_obj.interface_object.card or ""
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() card, 5
intf_port = ccp_obj.interface_object.port
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() subinterface, 6
intf_subinterface = ccp_obj.interface_object.subinterface or ""
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() channel, 7
intf_channel = ccp_obj.interface_object.channel or ""
# The ciscoconfparse/ccp_util.py CiscoInterface() interface_class, 'multipoint'
intf_class = ccp_obj.interface_object.interface_class or ""
##########################################################################
# Extract all IPv4Obj() with re_match_iter_typed()
##########################################################################
_default = None
for _obj in ccp_obj.children:
# Get a dict() from re_match_iter_typed() by caling it with 'groupdict'
intf_dict = _obj.re_match_iter_typed(
# Add a regex match-group called 'v4addr'
r"ip\s+address\s+(?P<v4addr>\S.+?\d)\s*(?P<secondary>secondary)*$",
# Cast the v4addr regex match group as an IPv4Obj() type
groupdict={"v4addr": IPv4Obj, "secondary": str},
# Default to None if there is no regex match
default=_default,
)
intf_ipv4obj = intf_dict["v4addr"]
##########################################################################
# Extract all IPv6Obj() with re_match_iter_typed()
##########################################################################
_default = None
for _obj in ccp_obj.children:
# Get a dict() from re_match_iter_typed() by caling it with 'groupdict'
intf_dict = _obj.re_match_iter_typed(
# Add regex match-groups called 'v6addr' and an optional 'ipv6type'
r"ipv6\s+address\s+(?P<v6addr>\S.+?\d)\s*(?P<v6type>eui.64|link.local)*$",
# Cast the v6addr regex match group as an IPv6Obj() type
groupdict={"v6addr": IPv6Obj, "v6type": str},
# Default to None if there is no regex match
default=_default,
)
intf_ipv6obj = intf_dict["v6addr"]
intf_ipv6type = intf_dict["v6type"]
# Skip this object if it has no IPv6 address
if intf_ipv6obj is _default:
continue
When that is run, you will see information similar to this...
----
Interface FastEthernet0/0: 172.16.2.1/24
Interface FastEthernet0/0 description: [IPv4 and IPv6 desktop / laptop hosts on 2nd-floor North LAN]
HSRP Group tracking for {'FastEthernet0/0'}
--- HSRP Group 110 ---
--- Tracking Dialer1 ---
Tracking interface: Dialer1
Tracking decrement: 75
Tracking weighting: None
--- Tracking FastEthernet 0/1 ---
Tracking interface: FastEthernet 0/1
Tracking decrement: 10
Tracking weighting: None
--- Tracking FastEthernet1/0 ---
Tracking interface: FastEthernet1/0
Tracking decrement: 30
Tracking weighting: None
--- HSRP Group 111 ---
--- Tracking Dialer1 ---
Tracking interface: Dialer1
Tracking decrement: 50
Tracking weighting: None
GRP {'addr': <IPv6Obj fd01:ab00::/64>}
RESULT <IOSIntfLine # 231 'FastEthernet0/0' primary_ipv4: '172.16.2.1/24'> <IPv6Obj fd01:ab00::/64>
Are there private copies of CiscoConfParse()?
Yes. Cisco Systems maintains their own copy of CiscoConfParse()
. The terms of the GPLv3
license allow this as long as they don't distribute their modified private copy in
binary form. Also refer to this GPLv3 License primer / GPLv3 101. Officially, modified
copies of CiscoConfParse source-code must also be licensed as GPLv3.
Dear Cisco Systems: please consider porting your improvements back into
the github ciscoconfparse2 repo
.
Are you releasing licensing besides GPLv3?
I will not; however, you can take the solution Cisco does above as long as you comply with the GPLv3 terms. If it's truly a problem for your company, there are commercial solutions available (to include purchasing the project, or hiring me).
What if we don't use Cisco IOS?
Don't let that stop you.
As of original CiscoConfParse 1.2.4, you can parse brace-delimited configurations into a Cisco IOS style (see Github Issue #17), which means that CiscoConfParse can parse these configurations:
- Juniper Networks Junos
- Palo Alto Networks Firewall configurations
- F5 Networks configurations
CiscoConfParse also handles anything that has a Cisco IOS style of configuration, which includes:
- Cisco IOS, Cisco Nexus, Cisco IOS-XR, Cisco IOS-XE, Aironet OS, Cisco ASA, Cisco CatOS
- Arista EOS
- Brocade
- HP Switches
- Force 10 Switches
- Dell PowerConnect Switches
- Extreme Networks
- Enterasys
- Screenos
Docs
- Blogs
- Kirk Byers published a ciscoconfparse blog piece
- Henry Ölsner published a ciscoconfparse blog piece
- The latest copy of the docs are archived on the web
- There is also a CiscoConfParse Tutorial
Installation and Downloads
-
Use
poetry
for Python3.x... :python -m pip install ciscoconfparse2
What is the pythonic way of handling script credentials?
- Never hard-code credentials
- Use python-dotenv
Is this a tool, or is it artwork?
That depends on who you ask. Many companies use CiscoConfParse as part of their network engineering toolbox; others regard it as a form of artwork.
Pre-requisites
The ciscoconfparse2 python package requires Python versions 3.7+ (note: Python version 3.7.0 has a bug - ref Github issue #117, but version 3.7.1 works); the OS should not matter.
Other Resources
- Dive into Python3 is a good way to learn Python
- Team CYMRU has a Secure IOS Template, which is especially useful for external-facing routers / switches
- Cisco's Guide to hardening IOS devices
- Center for Internet Security Benchmarks (An email address, cookies, and javascript are required)
Bug Tracker and Support
- Please report any suggestions, bug reports, or annoyances with a github bug report.
- If you're having problems with general python issues, consider searching for a solution on Stack Overflow. If you can't find a solution for your problem or need more help, you can ask on Stack Overflow or reddit/r/Python.
- If you're having problems with your Cisco devices, you can contact:
Dependencies
Unit-Tests and Development
- We are manually disabling some SonarCloud alerts with:
#pragma warning disable S1313
#pragma warning restore S1313
- Where
S1313
is a False-positive that SonarCloud flags in CiscoConfParse. - Those
#pragma warning
lines should be carefully-fenced to ensure that we don't disable a SonarCloud alert that is useful.
Semantic Versioning and Conventional Commits
- At this point, ciscoconfparse2 does NOT adhere to Semantic Versioning
- Although we added commitizen as a dev dependency, we are NOT enforcing commit rules (such as Conventional Commits) yet.
Execute Unit tests
The project's test workflow checks ciscoconfparse2 on Python versions 3.7 and higher, as well as a pypy JIT executable.
If you already git cloned the repo and want to manually run tests either run with make test
from the base directory, or manually run with pytest
in a unix-like system...
$ cd tests
$ pytest ./test*py
...
Execute Test Coverage Line-Miss Report
If you already have have pytest
and pytest-cov
installed, run a test line miss report as shown below.
$ # Install the latest ciscoconfparse2
$ # (assuming the latest code is on pypi)
$ pip install -U ciscoconfparse2
$ pip install -U pytest-cov
$ cd tests
$ pytest --cov-report=term-missing --cov=ciscoconfparse2 ./
...
Editing the Package
This uses the example of editing the package on a git branch called develop
...
git clone https://github.com/mpenning/ciscoconfparse2
cd ciscoconfparse2
git branch develop
git checkout develop
- Add / modify / delete on the
develop
branch make test
- If tests run clean,
git commit
all the pending changes on thedevelop
branch - If you plan to publish this as an official version rev, edit the version number in pyproject.toml. In the future, we want to integrate
commitizen
to manage versioning. git checkout main
git merge develop
make test
git push origin main
make pypi
Sphinx Documentation
Building the ciscoconfparse2 documentation tarball comes down to this one wierd trick:
cd sphinx-doc/
pip install -r ./requirements.txt; # install Sphinx dependencies
pip install -r ../requirements.txt; # install ccp dependencies
make html
License and Copyright
ciscoconfparse2 is licensed GPLv3
- Copyright (C) 2023 David Michael Pennington
The word "Cisco" is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems.
Author
ciscoconfparse2 was written by David Michael Pennington (mike [~at~] pennington [.dot.] net).
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