This library brings the updated configparser from Python 3.2+ to Python 2.6-2.7.
Project description
The ancient ConfigParser module available in the standard library 2.x has seen a major update in Python 3.2. This is a backport of those changes so that they can be used directly in Python 2.6 - 2.7.
To use configparser instead of ConfigParser, simply replace:
import ConfigParser
with:
import configparser
For detailed documentation consult the vanilla version at http://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html.
Why you’ll love configparser
Whereas almost completely compatible with its older brother, configparser sports a bunch of interesting new features:
full mapping protocol access (more info):
>>> parser = ConfigParser() >>> parser.read_string(""" [DEFAULT] location = upper left visible = yes editable = no color = blue [main] title = Main Menu color = green [options] title = Options """) >>> parser['main']['color'] 'green' >>> parser['main']['editable'] 'no' >>> section = parser['options'] >>> section['title'] 'Options' >>> section['title'] = 'Options (editable: %(editable)s)' >>> section['title'] 'Options (editable: no)'
there’s now one default ConfigParser class, which basically is the old SafeConfigParser with a bunch of tweaks which make it more predictable for users. Don’t need interpolation? Simply use ConfigParser(interpolation=None), no need to use a distinct RawConfigParser anymore.
the parser is highly customizable upon instantiation supporting things like changing option delimiters, comment characters, the name of the DEFAULT section, the interpolation syntax, etc.
you can easily create your own interpolation syntax but there are two powerful implementations built-in (more info):
the classic %(string-like)s syntax (called BasicInterpolation)
a new ${buildout:like} syntax (called ExtendedInterpolation)
fallback values may be specified in getters (more info):
>>> config.get('closet', 'monster', ... fallback='No such things as monsters') 'No such things as monsters'
ConfigParser objects can now read data directly from strings and from dictionaries. That means importing configuration from JSON or specifying default values for the whole configuration (multiple sections) is now a single line of code. Same goes for copying data from another ConfigParser instance, thanks to its mapping protocol support.
many smaller tweaks, updates and fixes
A few words about Unicode
configparser comes from Python 3 and as such it works well with Unicode. The library is generally cleaned up in terms of internal data storage and reading/writing files. There are a couple of incompatibilities with the old ConfigParser due to that. However, the work required to migrate is well worth it as it shows the issues that would likely come up during migration of your project to Python 3.
The design assumes that Unicode strings are used whenever possible [1]. That gives you the certainty that what’s stored in a configuration object is text. Once your configuration is read, the rest of your application doesn’t have to deal with encoding issues. All you have is text [2]. The only two phases when you should explicitly state encoding is when you either read from an external source (e.g. a file) or write back.
Versioning
This backport is intended to keep 100% compatibility with the vanilla release in Python 3.2+. To help maintaining a version you want and expect, a versioning scheme is used where:
the first three numbers indicate the version of Python 3.x from which the backport is done
a backport release number is provided after the r letter
For example, 3.3.0r1 is the first release of configparser compatible with the library found in Python 3.3.0.
A single exception from the 100% compatibility principle is that bugs fixed before releasing another minor Python 3.x.y version will be included in the backport releases done in the mean time. This rule applies to bugs only.
Maintenance
This backport is maintained on BitBucket by Łukasz Langa, the current vanilla configparser maintainer for CPython:
Change Log
3.3.0r2
updated the fix for #16820: parsers now preserve section order when using __setitem__ and update
3.3.0r1
fixes BitBucket issue #4: read() properly treats a bytestring argument as a filename
ordereddict dependency required only for Python 2.6
unittest2 explicit dependency dropped. If you want to test the release, add unittest2 on your own.
3.2.0r3
proper Python 2.6 support
explicitly stated the dependency on ordereddict
numbered all formatting braces in strings
explicitly says that Python 2.5 support won’t happen (too much work necessary without abstract base classes, string formatters, the io library, etc.)
some healthy advertising in the README
3.2.0r2
a backport-specific change: for convenience and basic compatibility with the old ConfigParser, bytestrings are now accepted as section names, options and values. Those strings are still converted to Unicode for internal storage so in any case when such conversion is not possible (using the ‘ascii’ codec), UnicodeDecodeError is raised.
3.2.0r1
Conversion Process
This section is technical and should bother you only if you are wondering how this backport is produced. If the implementation details of this backport are not important for you, feel free to ignore the following content.
configparser is converted using 3to2. Because a fully automatic conversion was not doable, I took the following branching approach:
the 3.x branch holds unchanged files synchronized from the upstream CPython repository. The synchronization is currently done by manually copying the required files and stating from which CPython changeset they come from.
the 3.x-clean branch holds a version of the 3.x code with some tweaks that make it independent from libraries and constructions unavailable on 2.x. Code on this branch still must work on the corresponding Python 3.x. You can check this running the supplied unit tests.
the default branch holds necessary changes which break unit tests on Python 3.2. Additional files which are used by the backport are also stored here.
The process works like this:
I update the 3.x branch with new versions of files. Commit.
I merge the new commit to 3.x-clean. Check unit tests. Commit.
If there are necessary changes that can be made in a 3.x compatible manner, I do them now (still on 3.x-clean), check unit tests and commit. If I’m not yet aware of any, no problem.
I merge the changes from 3.x-clean to default. Commit.
If there are necessary changes that cannot be made in a 3.x compatible manner, I do them now (on default). Note that the changes should still be written using 3.x syntax. If I’m not yet aware of any required changes, no problem.
I run ./convert.py which is a custom 3to2 runner for this project.
I run the unit tests with unittest2 on Python 2.x. If the tests are OK, I can prepare a new release. Otherwise, I revert the default branch to its previous state (hg revert .) and go back to Step 3.
NOTE: the default branch holds unconverted code. This is because keeping the conversion step as the last (after any custom changes) helps managing the history better. Plus, the merges are nicer and updates of the converter software don’t create nasty conflicts in the repository.
This process works well but if you have any tips on how to make it simpler and faster, do enlighten me :)
Footnotes
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