covigator 0.7.7

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CoVigator: monitoring SARS-CoV-2 mutations

CoVigator dashboard: https://covigator.tron-mainz.de

CoVigator documentation: https://covigator.readthedocs.io/

Human infections with SARS-CoV-2 are spreading globally since the beginning of 2020, necessitating preventive or therapeutic strategies and first steps towards an end to this pandemic were done with the approval of the first mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The accumulation of virus samples that have been sequenced in a short time frame is unprecedented (see Figure 1). This is the first pandemic recorded at a molecular level with such level of detail giving us the opportunity to develop new tools for the monitoring of its evolution.

We want to provide an up-to-date interactive view on SARS-CoV-2 mutations to support global efforts in preventing or treating infections. Monitoring the appearance of relevant new mutations is key to enable a fast reaction to new strains and for that purpose we enable the exploration of these mutations and their annotations (see Figure 2). Thus, we envision to help guiding global vaccine design efforts to overcome the threats of this pandemic.

CoVigator is a monitoring system for SARS-CoV-2 which integrates a full variant calling pipeline, a database that stores all relevant information about mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and finally a dashboard to enable visual analytics.

Figure 1: Sample accumulation by country and dN/dS evolution

• European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) providing raw reads in FASTQ format
• Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) providing assemblies in FASTA format

Figure 2: Recurrent mutations

CoVigator loads publicly available SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences from two databases:

• European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) providing raw reads in FASTQ format.
• Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) providing assemblies in FASTA format.

There is certain overlap in the samples present in ENA and GISAID as some national initiatives are systematically reporting to both databases. ENA enables a higher resolution into the SARS-CoV-2 mutation details through the individual reads. This allows us to annotate mutations with a Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) and explore intrahost mutations. On the other hand, while we load all of the GISAID database in CoVigator, we only process the Illumina samples from ENA. This means excluding all of the Oxford Nanopore samples and hence having a partial view of all the available data.

The dashboard is implemented in the visualization framework Dash. The computation is distributed through our cluster with a library of similar name Dask. The analysis pipeline is implemented in the Nextflow framework.

The CoVigator project was developed at the Biomarker Development Center at TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH). The project was kindly supported by Intel´s Pandemic Response Technology Initiative.

How to cite

• Schrörs, B., Riesgo-Ferreiro, P., Sorn, P., Gudimella, R., Bukur, T., Rösler, T., Löwer, M., & Sahin, U. (2021). Large-scale analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike-glycoprotein mutants demonstrates the need for continuous screening of virus isolates. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0249254. 10.1371/journal.pone.0249254