cullinan 0.92

Cullinan is written based on tornado and Sqlalchemy to help the project quickly build web application

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Cullinan

A lightweight, modular Python web framework with built-in IoC/DI

Cullinan is built on Tornado (HTTP/WebSocket) and focuses on:

• A unified registry model for controllers, services, handlers
• Built-in IoC/DI with request scope and service lifecycle hooks
• Production-friendly startup/shutdown flow on a default port 4080

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✨ Features

Core Framework

• Simple decorator-based routing (@controller, @get_api, @post_api, ...)
• Type-safe parameter system with Path, Query, Body, Header, File (v0.90+)
• Unified parameter syntax: param: Type = Type(...) (v0.90a5+)
• Pure type annotation as Query: page: int automatically becomes Query parameter (v0.90a5+)
• as_required() shortcut: File.as_required(), Body.as_required() (v0.90a5+)
• DynamicBody for flexible request body access with safe accessors (v0.90a4+)
• RawBody for raw unparsed request body (bytes) (v0.90a5+)
• FileInfo/FileList for file upload with validation (v0.90a5+)
• @field_validator for dataclass field validation (v0.90a5+)
• ResponseSerializer for automatic response serialization (v0.90a5+)
• Pluggable model handlers for Pydantic and custom model integration (v0.90a5+)
• Auto type conversion and validation (ge, le, min_length, regex, etc.)
• Modular architecture with registry, DI, and lifecycle management
• Built-in IoC/DI with InjectByName and Inject support
• Unified lifecycle hooks (on_post_construct, on_startup, on_shutdown, on_pre_destroy) on all components
• Duck Typing lifecycle: no base class inheritance required (v0.92+)
• Designed for tests: resettable registries and request-scoped dependencies

Services & WebSocket

• Service registry with dependency resolution
• WebSocket support via @websocket_handler and registry pattern
• Request context / request scope for per-request objects

Deployment & Production

• Packaging-friendly (Nuitka, PyInstaller)
• Cross-platform: Windows, Linux, macOS
• Based on production-tested Tornado

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📚 Documentation

Language / 语言

• English Documentation – complete English docs
  • Quick start
  • Architecture · Lifecycle
  • IoC/DI 2.0 · Migration Guide
  • RESTful routing
• 中文文档 – 完整中文文档
  • 快速开始
  • 架构 · 生命周期
  • IoC/DI 2.0 · 迁移指南
  • RESTful 路由

Version Notes

• Current series: v0.92

  • Unified lifecycle management with on_post_construct, on_startup, on_shutdown, on_pre_destroy
  • Duck Typing lifecycle: no base class inheritance required
  • Phase ordering control via get_phase() method
  • Breaking change: Removed legacy on_init() and on_destroy() methods
  • New type-safe parameter system with Path, Query, Body, Header, File
  • DynamicBody for flexible request body access with safe accessors
  • FileInfo/FileList for file upload handling with validation
  • @field_validator for dataclass field validation
  • ResponseSerializer for automatic response serialization
  • Pluggable model handlers for Pydantic and custom model integration
  • Auto type conversion and parameter validation
  • IoC/DI 2.0 architecture with ApplicationContext
  • Single container entry point with freeze-after-startup
  • Definition/Factory separation for dependency management
  • Structured diagnostics with stable dependency chains
  • Core module with registry, DI, lifecycle management
  • Enhanced service layer with dependency injection
  • WebSocket support with unified registry
  • Request context management

• Migration from v0.83:

  • See Import Migration Guide for detailed migration steps
  • Legacy APIs are deprecated but still functional in v0.90
  • Will be removed in v1.0

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🚀 Quick Start

Install

Use pip from PyPI:

pip install -U pip
pip install cullinan

Ensure you have a working Python 3.8+ environment (virtualenv/conda/system Python are all fine).

Minimal Application

# app.py
from cullinan import application
from cullinan.controller import controller, get_api, post_api
from cullinan.params import Query, Body, DynamicBody

@controller(url='/api')
class HelloController:
    # Type-safe query parameters (new unified syntax)
    @get_api(url='/hello')
    def hello(self, name: str = Query(default='World')):
        return self.response_factory(
            status=200,
            body={"message": f"Hello, {name}!"}
        )
    
    # Pure type annotation as Query (v0.90a5+)
    @get_api(url='/users')
    def list_users(self, page: int = 1, size: int = 10):
        # page and size are automatically Query parameters
        return {"page": page, "size": size}
    
    # DynamicBody for flexible request body access
    @post_api(url='/users')
    def create_user(self, body: DynamicBody):
        return self.response_factory(
            status=200,
            body={"name": body.name, "age": body.get('age', 0)}
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Framework-level entrypoint, no manual app instantiation required
    application.run()

Run:

python app.py
# GET:  http://localhost:4080/api/hello?name=Cullinan
# POST: http://localhost:4080/api/users  {"name": "John", "age": 25}

For a more detailed onboarding, follow docs/getting_started.md (or docs/zh/getting_started.md).

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💡 Dependency Injection Patterns

Cullinan ships with a core IoC/DI system. Recommended patterns:

1. InjectByName (recommended default)

from cullinan import service, Service
from cullinan.core import InjectByName

@service
class EmailService(Service):
    def send_email(self, to, subject, body):
        print(f"Sending email to {to}: {subject}")
        return True

@service
class UserService(Service):
    """Service for user management with email dependency."""

    # Name-based injection, no direct import needed
    email_service = InjectByName('EmailService')

    def create_user(self, name, email):
        user = {'name': name, 'email': email}
        self.email_service.send_email(email, "Welcome", f"Welcome {name}!")
        return user

2. Inject + TYPE_CHECKING (IDE autocomplete)

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from cullinan import service, Service
from cullinan.core import Inject

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from services.email import EmailService

@service
class UserService(Service):
    # Type-hinted injection for better IDE support
    email_service: 'EmailService' = Inject()

    def create_user(self, name, email):
        self.email_service.send_email(email, "Welcome", f"Welcome {name}!")
        return {"name": name, "email": email}

Controllers and RESTful decorators

from cullinan.controller import controller, get_api, post_api
from cullinan.core import InjectByName
from cullinan.params import Query, Body

@controller(url='/api')
class UserController:
    # Inject the UserService by name
    user_service = InjectByName('UserService')

    # Type-safe query parameter (v0.90+)
    @get_api(url='/users')
    def get_user(self, id: Query(str)):
        return self.response_factory(
            status=200,
            body={"message": "User fetched successfully", "user_id": id},
        )

    # Type-safe body parameters (v0.90+)
    @post_api(url='/users')
    def create_user(self, name: Body(str, required=True), email: Body(str, required=True)):
        user = self.user_service.create_user(name, email)
        return self.response_factory(
            status=201,
            body={"message": "User created successfully", "data": user},
        )

Note: RESTful decorators are defined as def get_api(**kwargs) etc. Only keyword arguments are supported. Use @get_api(url='/users'), not @get_api('/users').

For full parameter system documentation, see docs/parameter_system_guide.md.

More DI patterns and controller examples are documented in docs/wiki/injection.md and docs/wiki/restful_api.md (and their Chinese counterparts).

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📖 More Examples

The examples/ folder contains additional runnable demos (HTTP, middleware, DI). Refer to:

• examples/hello_http.py – minimal HTTP example using the handler registry
• examples/controller_di_middleware.py – controller + DI + middleware integration

Each example is referenced from the docs so you can cross-check behavior with tests (tests/ directory).

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📖 Additional Documentation

For advanced topics, see the docs:

• Configuration – environment and config options
• Packaging – building executables with Nuitka/PyInstaller
• Service Layer – service patterns and DI
• Registry Pattern – unified registry behavior
• Testing – running tests and using test registries
• Troubleshooting – common issues and diagnostics

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🔗 Links

• Documentation: docs/README.md
• GitHub: https://github.com/plumeink/Cullinan
• PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/cullinan/
• Issues: https://github.com/plumeink/Cullinan/issues
• Discussions: https://github.com/plumeink/Cullinan/discussions

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📄 License

MIT License – see LICENSE for details.

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💻 Maintainer

Plumeink