cyclopts 4.5.2

Intuitive, easy CLIs based on type hints.

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Documentation: https://cyclopts.readthedocs.io

Source Code: https://github.com/BrianPugh/cyclopts

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Cyclopts is a modern, easy-to-use command-line interface (CLI) framework that aims to provide an intuitive & efficient developer experience.

Why Cyclopts?

• Intuitive API: Quickly write CLI applications using a terse, intuitive syntax.

• Advanced Type Hinting: Full support of all builtin types and even user-specified (yes, including Pydantic, Dataclasses, and Attrs).

• Rich Help Generation: Automatically generates beautiful help pages from docstrings and other contextual data.

• Extendable: Easily customize converters, validators, token parsing, and application launching.

Installation

Cyclopts requires Python >=3.10; to install Cyclopts, run:

pip install cyclopts

Quick Start

• Import cyclopts.run() and give it a function to run.

from cyclopts import run

def foo(loops: int):
    for i in range(loops):
        print(f"Looping! {i}")

run(foo)

Execute the script from the command line:

$ python start.py 3
Looping! 0
Looping! 1
Looping! 2

When you need more control:

• Create an application using cyclopts.App.
• Register commands with the command decorator.
• Register a default function with the default decorator.

from cyclopts import App

app = App()

@app.command
def foo(loops: int):
    for i in range(loops):
        print(f"Looping! {i}")

@app.default
def default_action():
    print("Hello world! This runs when no command is specified.")

app()

Execute the script from the command line:

$ python demo.py
Hello world! This runs when no command is specified.

$ python demo.py foo 3
Looping! 0
Looping! 1
Looping! 2

With just a few additional lines of code, we have a full-featured CLI app. See the docs for more advanced usage.

Compared to Typer

Cyclopts is what you thought Typer was. Cyclopts's includes information from docstrings, support more complex types (even Unions and Literals!), and include proper validation support. See the documentation for a complete Typer comparison.

Consider the following short 29-line Cyclopts application:

import cyclopts
from typing import Literal

app = cyclopts.App()

@app.command
def deploy(
    env: Literal["dev", "staging", "prod"],
    replicas: int | Literal["default", "performance"] = "default",
):
    """Deploy code to an environment.

    Parameters
    ----------
    env
        Environment to deploy to.
    replicas
        Number of workers to spin up.
    """
    if replicas == "default":
        replicas = 10
    elif replicas == "performance":
        replicas = 20

    print(f"Deploying to {env} with {replicas} replicas.")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app()

$ my-script deploy --help
Usage: my-script.py deploy [ARGS] [OPTIONS]

Deploy code to an environment.

╭─ Parameters ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *  ENV --env            Environment to deploy to. [choices: dev, staging, prod] [required]      │
│    REPLICAS --replicas  Number of workers to spin up. [choices: default, performance] [default: │
│                         default]                                                                │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

$ my-script deploy staging
Deploying to staging with 10 replicas.

$ my-script deploy staging 7
Deploying to staging with 7 replicas.

$ my-script deploy staging performance
Deploying to staging with 20 replicas.

$ my-script deploy nonexistent-env
╭─ Error ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Error converting value "nonexistent-env" to typing.Literal['dev', 'staging', 'prod'] for "--env".  │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

$ my-script --version
0.0.0

In its current state, this application would be impossible to implement in Typer. However, lets see how close we can get with Typer (47-lines):

import typer
from typing import Annotated, Literal
from enum import Enum

app = typer.Typer()

class Environment(str, Enum):
    dev = "dev"
    staging = "staging"
    prod = "prod"

def replica_parser(value: str):
    if value == "default":
        return 10
    elif value == "performance":
        return 20
    else:
        return int(value)

def _version_callback(value: bool):
    if value:
        print("0.0.0")
        raise typer.Exit()

@app.callback()
def callback(
    version: Annotated[
        bool | None, typer.Option("--version", callback=_version_callback)
    ] = None,
):
    pass

@app.command(help="Deploy code to an environment.")
def deploy(
    env: Annotated[Environment, typer.Argument(help="Environment to deploy to.")],
    replicas: Annotated[
        int,
        typer.Argument(
            parser=replica_parser,
            help="Number of workers to spin up.",
        ),
    ] = replica_parser("default"),
):
    print(f"Deploying to {env.name} with {replicas} replicas.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app()

$ my-script deploy --help

Usage: my-script deploy [OPTIONS] ENV:{dev|staging|prod} [REPLICAS]

 Deploy code to an environment.

╭─ Arguments ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *    env           ENV:{dev|staging|prod}  Environment to deploy to. [default: None] [required] │
│      replicas      [REPLICAS]              Number of workers to spin up. [default: 10]          │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                                     │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

$ my-script deploy staging
Deploying to staging with 10 replicas.

$ my-script deploy staging 7
Deploying to staging with 7 replicas.

$ my-script deploy staging performance
Deploying to staging with 20 replicas.

$ my-script deploy nonexistent-env
Usage: my-script.py deploy [OPTIONS] ENV:{dev|staging|prod} [REPLICAS]
Try 'my-script.py deploy --help' for help.
╭─ Error ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ Invalid value for '[REPLICAS]': nonexistent-env                                                 │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

$ my-script --version
0.0.0

The Typer implementation is 47 lines long, while the Cyclopts implementation is just 29 (38% shorter!). Not only is the Cyclopts implementation significantly shorter, but the code is easier to read. Since Typer does not support Unions, the choices for replica could not be displayed on the help page. Cyclopts is much more terse, much more readable, and much more intuitive to use.