datacontract-cli 0.10.8

Test data contracts

Data Contract CLI

The datacontract CLI is an open source command-line tool for working with Data Contracts. It uses data contract YAML files to lint the data contract, connect to data sources and execute schema and quality tests, detect breaking changes, and export to different formats. The tool is written in Python. It can be used as a standalone CLI tool, in a CI/CD pipeline, or directly as a Python library.

Getting started

Let's look at this data contract: https://datacontract.com/examples/orders-latest/datacontract.yaml

We have a servers section with endpoint details to the S3 bucket, models for the structure of the data, servicelevels and quality attributes that describe the expected freshness and number of rows.

This data contract contains all information to connect to S3 and check that the actual data meets the defined schema and quality requirements. We can use this information to test if the actual data set in S3 is compliant to the data contract.

Let's use pip to install the CLI (or use the Docker image, if you prefer).

$ python3 -m pip install datacontract-cli[all]

We run the tests:

$ datacontract test https://datacontract.com/examples/orders-latest/datacontract.yaml

# returns:
Testing https://datacontract.com/examples/orders-latest/datacontract.yaml
╭────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┬─────────╮
│ Result │ Check                                                               │ Field                         │ Details │
├────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ passed │ Check that JSON has valid schema                                    │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that JSON has valid schema                                    │ line_items                    │         │
│ passed │ Check that field order_id is present                                │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that field order_timestamp is present                         │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that field order_total is present                             │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that field customer_id is present                             │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that field customer_email_address is present                  │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ row_count >= 5000                                                   │ orders                        │         │
│ passed │ Check that required field order_id has no null values               │ orders.order_id               │         │
│ passed │ Check that unique field order_id has no duplicate values            │ orders.order_id               │         │
│ passed │ duplicate_count(order_id) = 0                                       │ orders.order_id               │         │
│ passed │ Check that required field order_timestamp has no null values        │ orders.order_timestamp        │         │
│ passed │ freshness(order_timestamp) < 24h                                    │ orders.order_timestamp        │         │
│ passed │ Check that required field order_total has no null values            │ orders.order_total            │         │
│ passed │ Check that required field customer_email_address has no null values │ orders.customer_email_address │         │
│ passed │ Check that field lines_item_id is present                           │ line_items                    │         │
│ passed │ Check that field order_id is present                                │ line_items                    │         │
│ passed │ Check that field sku is present                                     │ line_items                    │         │
│ passed │ values in (order_id) must exist in orders (order_id)                │ line_items.order_id           │         │
│ passed │ row_count >= 5000                                                   │ line_items                    │         │
│ passed │ Check that required field lines_item_id has no null values          │ line_items.lines_item_id      │         │
│ passed │ Check that unique field lines_item_id has no duplicate values       │ line_items.lines_item_id      │         │
╰────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┴─────────╯
🟢 data contract is valid. Run 22 checks. Took 6.739514 seconds.

Voilà, the CLI tested that the datacontract.yaml itself is valid, all records comply with the schema, and all quality attributes are met.

We can also use the datacontract.yaml to export in many formats, e.g., to SQL:

$ datacontract export --format sql https://datacontract.com/examples/orders-latest/datacontract.yaml

# returns:
-- Data Contract: urn:datacontract:checkout:orders-latest
-- SQL Dialect: snowflake
CREATE TABLE orders (
  order_id TEXT not null primary key,
  order_timestamp TIMESTAMP_TZ not null,
  order_total NUMBER not null,
  customer_id TEXT,
  customer_email_address TEXT not null,
  processed_timestamp TIMESTAMP_TZ not null
);
CREATE TABLE line_items (
  lines_item_id TEXT not null primary key,
  order_id TEXT,
  sku TEXT
);

Or generate an HTML export:

$ datacontract export --format html https://datacontract.com/examples/orders-latest/datacontract.yaml > datacontract.html

which will create this HTML export.

Usage

# create a new data contract from example and write it to datacontract.yaml
$ datacontract init datacontract.yaml

# lint the datacontract.yaml
$ datacontract lint datacontract.yaml

# execute schema and quality checks
$ datacontract test datacontract.yaml

# execute schema and quality checks on the examples within the contract
$ datacontract test --examples datacontract.yaml

# export data contract as html (other formats: avro, dbt, dbt-sources, dbt-staging-sql, jsonschema, odcs, rdf, sql, sodacl, terraform, ...)
$ datacontract export --format html datacontract.yaml > datacontract.html

# import avro (other formats: sql, glue, bigquery...)
$ datacontract import --format avro --source avro_schema.avsc

# find differences between to data contracts
$ datacontract diff datacontract-v1.yaml datacontract-v2.yaml

# find differences between to data contracts categorized into error, warning, and info.
$ datacontract changelog datacontract-v1.yaml datacontract-v2.yaml

# fail pipeline on breaking changes. Uses changelog internally and showing only error and warning.
$ datacontract breaking datacontract-v1.yaml datacontract-v2.yaml

Programmatic (Python)

from datacontract.data_contract import DataContract

data_contract = DataContract(data_contract_file="datacontract.yaml")
run = data_contract.test()
if not run.has_passed():
    print("Data quality validation failed.")
    # Abort pipeline, alert, or take corrective actions...

Installation

Choose the most appropriate installation method for your needs:

pip

Python 3.11 recommended. Python 3.12 available as pre-release release candidate for 0.9.3

python3 -m pip install datacontract-cli[all]

pipx

pipx installs into an isolated environment.

pipx install datacontract-cli[all]

Docker

docker pull datacontract/cli
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:/home/datacontract datacontract/cli

Or via an alias that automatically uses the latest version:

alias datacontract='docker run --rm -v "${PWD}:/home/datacontract" datacontract/cli:latest'

Optional Dependencies

The CLI tool defines several optional dependencies (also known as extras) that can be installed for using with specific servers types. With all, all server dependencies are included.

pip install datacontract-cli[all]

A list of available extras:

Dependency	Installation Command
Avro Support	pip install datacontract-cli[avro]
Google BigQuery	pip install datacontract-cli[bigquery]
Databricks Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[databricks]
Deltalake Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[deltalake]
Kafka Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[kafka]
PostgreSQL Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[postgres]
S3 Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[s3]
Snowflake Integration	pip install datacontract-cli[snowflake]
Microsoft SQL Server	pip install datacontract-cli[sqlserver]

Documentation

Commands

• init
• lint
• test
• export
• import
• breaking
• changelog
• diff
• catalog
• publish

init

 Usage: datacontract init [OPTIONS] [LOCATION]

 Download a datacontract.yaml template and write it to file.

╭─ Arguments ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│   location      [LOCATION]  The location (url or path) of the data contract yaml to create. │
│                             [default: datacontract.yaml]                                    │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --template                       TEXT  URL of a template or data contract                   │
│                                        [default:                                            │
│                                        https://datacontract.com/datacontract.init.yaml]     │
│ --overwrite    --no-overwrite          Replace the existing datacontract.yaml               │
│                                        [default: no-overwrite]                              │
│ --help                                 Show this message and exit.                          │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

lint

 Usage: datacontract lint [OPTIONS] [LOCATION]

 Validate that the datacontract.yaml is correctly formatted.

╭─ Arguments ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│   location      [LOCATION]  The location (url or path) of the data contract yaml. [default: datacontract.yaml]                 │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --schema        TEXT  The location (url or path) of the Data Contract Specification JSON Schema                                │
│                       [default: https://datacontract.com/datacontract.schema.json]                                             │
│ --help                Show this message and exit.                                                                              │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

test

 Usage: datacontract test [OPTIONS] [LOCATION]

 Run schema and quality tests on configured servers.

╭─ Arguments ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│   location      [LOCATION]  The location (url or path) of the data contract yaml. [default: datacontract.yaml]                 │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --schema                                                       TEXT  The location (url or path) of the Data Contract           │
│                                                                      Specification JSON Schema                                 │
│                                                                      [default:                                                 │
│                                                                      https://datacontract.com/datacontract.schema.json]        │
│ --server                                                       TEXT  The server configuration to run the schema and quality    │
│                                                                      tests. Use the key of the server object in the data       │
│                                                                      contract yaml file to refer to a server, e.g.,            │
│                                                                      `production`, or `all` for all servers (default).         │
│                                                                      [default: all]                                            │
│ --examples                    --no-examples                          Run the schema and quality tests on the example data      │
│                                                                      within the data contract.                                 │
│                                                                      [default: no-examples]                                    │
│ --publish                                                      TEXT  The url to publish the results after the test             │
│                                                                      [default: None]                                           │
│ --publish-to-opentelemetry    --no-publish-to-opentelemetry          Publish the results to opentelemetry. Use environment     │
│                                                                      variables to configure the OTLP endpoint, headers, etc.   │
│                                                                      [default: no-publish-to-opentelemetry]                    │
│ --logs                        --no-logs                              Print logs [default: no-logs]                             │
│ --help                                                               Show this message and exit.                               │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

Data Contract CLI connects to a data source and runs schema and quality tests to verify that the data contract is valid.

$ datacontract test --server production datacontract.yaml

To connect to the databases the server block in the datacontract.yaml is used to set up the connection. In addition, credentials, such as username and passwords, may be defined with environment variables.

The application uses different engines, based on the server type. Internally, it connects with DuckDB, Spark, or a native connection and executes the most tests with soda-core and fastjsonschema.

Credentials are provided with environment variables.

Supported server types:

• s3
• bigquery
• azure
• sqlserver
• databricks
• databricks (programmatic)
• dataframr (programmatic)
• snowflake
• kafka
• postgres
• local

Supported formats:

• parquet
• json
• csv
• delta
• iceberg (coming soon)

Feel free to create an issue, if you need support for an additional type and formats.

S3

Data Contract CLI can test data that is stored in S3 buckets or any S3-compliant endpoints in various formats.

Examples

JSON

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: s3
    endpointUrl: https://minio.example.com # not needed with AWS S3
    location: s3://bucket-name/path/*/*.json
    format: json
    delimiter: new_line # new_line, array, or none

Delta Tables

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: s3
    endpointUrl: https://minio.example.com # not needed with AWS S3
    location: s3://bucket-name/path/table.delta # path to the Delta table folder containing parquet data files and the _delta_log
    format: delta

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_S3_REGION	eu-central-1	Region of S3 bucket
DATACONTRACT_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID	AKIAXV5Q5QABCDEFGH	AWS Access Key ID
DATACONTRACT_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY	93S7LRrJcqLaaaa/XXXXXXXXXXXXX	AWS Secret Access Key

BigQuery

We support authentication to BigQuery using Service Account Key. The used Service Account should include the roles:

• BigQuery Job User
• BigQuery Data Viewer

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: bigquery
    project: datameshexample-product
    dataset: datacontract_cli_test_dataset
models:
  datacontract_cli_test_table: # corresponds to a BigQuery table
    type: table
    fields: ...

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_BIGQUERY_ACCOUNT_INFO_JSON_PATH	~/service-access-key.json	Service Access key as saved on key creation by BigQuery. If this environment variable isn't set, the cli tries to use GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS as a fallback, so if you have that set for using their Python library anyway, it should work seamlessly.

Azure

Data Contract CLI can test data that is stored in Azure Blob storage or Azure Data Lake Storage (Gen2) (ADLS) in various formats.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: azure
    location: abfss://datameshdatabricksdemo.dfs.core.windows.net/dataproducts/inventory_events/*.parquet
    format: parquet

Environment Variables

Authentication works with an Azure Service Principal (SPN) aka App Registration with a secret.

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_AZURE_TENANT_ID	79f5b80f-10ff-40b9-9d1f-774b42d605fc	The Azure Tenant ID
DATACONTRACT_AZURE_CLIENT_ID	3cf7ce49-e2e9-4cbc-a922-4328d4a58622	The ApplicationID / ClientID of the app registration
DATACONTRACT_AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET	yZK8Q~GWO1MMXXXXXXXXXXXXX	The Client Secret value

Sqlserver

Data Contract CLI can test data in MS SQL Server (including Azure SQL, Synapse Analytics SQL Pool).

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: sqlserver
    host: localhost
    port: 5432
    database: tempdb
    schema: dbo
    driver: ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server
models:
  my_table_1: # corresponds to a table
    type: table
    fields:
      my_column_1: # corresponds to a column
        type: varchar

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_SQLSERVER_USERNAME	root	Username
DATACONTRACT_SQLSERVER_PASSWORD	toor	Password
DATACONTRACT_SQLSERVER_TRUSTED_CONNECTION	True	Use windows authentication, instead of login
DATACONTRACT_SQLSERVER_TRUST_SERVER_CERTIFICATE	True	Trust self-signed certificate
DATACONTRACT_SQLSERVER_ENCRYPTED_CONNECTION	True	Use SSL

Databricks

Works with Unity Catalog and Hive metastore.

Needs a running SQL warehouse or compute cluster.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: databricks
    host: dbc-abcdefgh-1234.cloud.databricks.com
    catalog: acme_catalog_prod
    schema: orders_latest
models:
  orders: # corresponds to a table
    type: table
    fields: ...

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_DATABRICKS_TOKEN	dapia00000000000000000000000000000	The personal access token to authenticate
DATACONTRACT_DATABRICKS_HTTP_PATH	/sql/1.0/warehouses/b053a3ffffffff	The HTTP path to the SQL warehouse or compute cluster

Databricks (programmatic)

Works with Unity Catalog and Hive metastore. When running in a notebook or pipeline, the provided spark session can be used. An additional authentication is not required.

Requires a Databricks Runtime with Python >= 3.10.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: databricks
    host: dbc-abcdefgh-1234.cloud.databricks.com # ignored, always use current host
    catalog: acme_catalog_prod
    schema: orders_latest
models:
  orders: # corresponds to a table
    type: table
    fields: ...

Notebook

%pip install datacontract-cli[databricks]
dbutils.library.restartPython()

from datacontract.data_contract import DataContract

data_contract = DataContract(
  data_contract_file="/Volumes/acme_catalog_prod/orders_latest/datacontract/datacontract.yaml",
  spark=spark)
run = data_contract.test()
run.result

Dataframe (programmatic)

Works with Spark DataFrames. DataFrames need to be created as named temporary views. Multiple temporary views are suppored if your data contract contains multiple models.

Testing DataFrames is useful to test your datasets in a pipeline before writing them to a data source.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: dataframe
models:
  my_table: # corresponds to a temporary view
    type: table
    fields: ...

Example code

from datacontract.data_contract import DataContract

df.createOrReplaceTempView("my_table")

data_contract = DataContract(
  data_contract_file="datacontract.yaml",
  spark=spark,
)
run = data_contract.test()
assert run.result == "passed"

Snowflake

Data Contract CLI can test data in Snowflake.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  snowflake:
    type: snowflake
    account: abcdefg-xn12345
    database: ORDER_DB
    schema: ORDERS_PII_V2
models:
  my_table_1: # corresponds to a table
    type: table
    fields:
      my_column_1: # corresponds to a column
        type: varchar

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_SNOWFLAKE_USERNAME	datacontract	Username
DATACONTRACT_SNOWFLAKE_PASSWORD	mysecretpassword	Password
DATACONTRACT_SNOWFLAKE_ROLE	DATAVALIDATION	The snowflake role to use.
DATACONTRACT_SNOWFLAKE_WAREHOUSE	COMPUTE_WH	The Snowflake Warehouse to use executing the tests.

Kafka

Kafka support is currently considered experimental.

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  production:
    type: kafka
    host: abc-12345.eu-central-1.aws.confluent.cloud:9092
    topic: my-topic-name
    format: json

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME	xxx	The SASL username (key).
DATACONTRACT_KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD	xxx	The SASL password (secret).

Postgres

Data Contract CLI can test data in Postgres or Postgres-compliant databases (e.g., RisingWave).

Example

datacontract.yaml

servers:
  postgres:
    type: postgres
    host: localhost
    port: 5432
    database: postgres
    schema: public
models:
  my_table_1: # corresponds to a table
    type: table
    fields:
      my_column_1: # corresponds to a column
        type: varchar

Environment Variables

Environment Variable	Example	Description
DATACONTRACT_POSTGRES_USERNAME	postgres	Username
DATACONTRACT_POSTGRES_PASSWORD	mysecretpassword	Password

export

 Usage: datacontract export [OPTIONS] [LOCATION]

 Convert data contract to a specific format. Prints to stdout or to the specified output file.

╭─ Arguments ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│   location      [LOCATION]  The location (url or path) of the data contract yaml. [default: datacontract.yaml]                 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *  --format        [jsonschema|pydantic-model|sodacl|dbt|dbt-sources|db  The export format. [default: None] [required]         │
│                    t-staging-sql|odcs|rdf|avro|protobuf|great-expectati                                                        │
│                    ons|terraform|avro-idl|sql|sql-query|html|go|bigquer                                                        │
│                    y|dbml]                                                                                                     │
│    --output        PATH                                                  Specify the file path where the exported data will be │
│                                                                          saved. If no path is provided, the output will be     │
│                                                                          printed to stdout.                                    │
│                                                                          [default: None]                                       │
│    --server        TEXT                                                  The server name to export. [default: None]            │
│    --model         TEXT                                                  Use the key of the model in the data contract yaml    │
│                                                                          file to refer to a model, e.g., `orders`, or `all`    │
│                                                                          for all models (default).                             │
│                                                                          [default: all]                                        │
│    --help                                                                Show this message and exit.                           │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ RDF Options ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --rdf-base        TEXT  [rdf] The base URI used to generate the RDF graph. [default: None]                                     │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ SQL Options ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --sql-server-type        TEXT  [sql] The server type to determine the sql dialect. By default, it uses 'auto' to automatically │
│                                detect the sql dialect via the specified servers in the data contract.                          │
│                                [default: auto]                                                                                 │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

# Example export data contract as HTML
datacontract export --format html > datacontract.html

Available export options:

Type	Description	Status
html	Export to HTML	✅
jsonschema	Export to JSON Schema	✅
odcs	Export to Open Data Contract Standard (ODCS)	✅
sodacl	Export to SodaCL quality checks in YAML format	✅
dbt	Export to dbt models in YAML format	✅
dbt-sources	Export to dbt sources in YAML format	✅
dbt-staging-sql	Export to dbt staging SQL models	✅
rdf	Export data contract to RDF representation in N3 format	✅
avro	Export to AVRO models	✅
protobuf	Export to Protobuf	✅
terraform	Export to terraform resources	✅
sql	Export to SQL DDL	✅
sql-query	Export to SQL Query	✅
great-expectations	Export to Great Expectations Suites in JSON Format	✅
bigquery	Export to BigQuery Schemas	✅
go	Export to Go types	✅
pydantic-model	Export to pydantic models	✅
DBML	Export to a DBML Diagram description	✅
Missing something?	Please create an issue on GitHub	TBD

Great Expectations

The export function transforms a specified data contract into a comprehensive Great Expectations JSON suite. If the contract includes multiple models, you need to specify the names of the model you wish to export.

datacontract  export datacontract.yaml --format great-expectations --model orders

The export creates a list of expectations by utilizing:

• The data from the Model definition with a fixed mapping
• The expectations provided in the quality field for each model (find here the expectations gallery https://greatexpectations.io/expectations/)

RDF

The export function converts a given data contract into a RDF representation. You have the option to add a base_url which will be used as the default prefix to resolve relative IRIs inside the document.

datacontract export --format rdf --rdf-base https://www.example.com/ datacontract.yaml

The data contract is mapped onto the following concepts of a yet to be defined Data Contract Ontology named https://datacontract.com/DataContractSpecification/ :

• DataContract
• Server
• Model

Having the data contract inside an RDF Graph gives us access the following use cases:

• Interoperability with other data contract specification formats
• Store data contracts inside a knowledge graph
• Enhance a semantic search to find and retrieve data contracts
• Linking model elements to already established ontologies and knowledge
• Using full power of OWL to reason about the graph structure of data contracts
• Apply graph algorithms on multiple data contracts (Find similar data contracts, find "gatekeeper" data products, find the true domain owner of a field attribute)

DBML

The export function converts the logical data types of the datacontract into the specific ones of a concrete Database if a server is selected via the --server option (based on the type of that server). If no server is selected, the logical data types are exported.

Avro

The export function converts the data contract specification into an avro schema. It supports specifying custom avro properties for logicalTypes and default values.

Custom Avro Properties

We support a config map on field level. A config map may include any additional key-value pairs and support multiple server type bindings.

To specify custom Avro properties in your data contract, you can define them within the config section of your field definition. Below is an example of how to structure your YAML configuration to include custom Avro properties, such as avroLogicalType and avroDefault.

NOTE: At this moment, we just support logicalType and default

Example Configuration

models:
  orders:
    fields:
      my_field_1:
        description: Example for AVRO with Timestamp (microsecond precision) https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#Local+timestamp+%28microsecond+precision%29
        type: long
        example: 1672534861000000  # Equivalent to 2023-01-01 01:01:01 in microseconds
        config:
          avroLogicalType: local-timestamp-micros
          avroDefault: 1672534861000000

Explanation

• models: The top-level key that contains different models (tables or objects) in your data contract.
• orders: A specific model name. Replace this with the name of your model.
• fields: The fields within the model. Each field can have various properties defined.
• my_field_1: The name of a specific field. Replace this with your field name.
  • description: A textual description of the field.
  • type: The data type of the field. In this example, it is long.
  • example: An example value for the field.
  • config: Section to specify custom Avro properties.
    • avroLogicalType: Specifies the logical type of the field in Avro. In this example, it is local-timestamp-micros.
    • avroDefault: Specifies the default value for the field in Avro. In this example, it is 1672534861000000 which corresponds to 2023-01-01 01:01:01 UTC.

import

 Usage: datacontract import [OPTIONS]

 Create a data contract from the given source location. Prints to stdout.

╭─ Options ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *  --format                  [sql|avro|glue|bigquery|jsonschema|unity]  The format of the source file. [default: None] [required]         │
│    --source                  TEXT                                       The path to the file or Glue Database that should be imported.    │
│                                                                         [default: None]                                                   │
│    --glue-table              TEXT                                       List of table ids to import from the Glue Database (repeat for    │
│                                                                         multiple table ids, leave empty for all tables in the dataset).   │
│                                                                         [default: None]                                                   │
│    --bigquery-project        TEXT                                       The bigquery project id. [default: None]                          │
│    --bigquery-dataset        TEXT                                       The bigquery dataset id. [default: None]                          │
│    --bigquery-table          TEXT                                       List of table ids to import from the bigquery API (repeat for     │
│                                                                         multiple table ids, leave empty for all tables in the dataset).   │
│                                                                         [default: None]                                                   │
│    --help                                                               Show this message and exit.                                       │
╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

Example:

# Example import from SQL DDL
datacontract import --format sql --source my_ddl.sql

Available import options:

Type	Description	Status
sql	Import from SQL DDL	✅
avro	Import from AVRO schemas	✅
glue	Import from AWS Glue DataCatalog	✅
protobuf	Import from Protobuf schemas	TBD
jsonschema	Import from JSON Schemas	✅
bigquery	Import from BigQuery Schemas	✅
unity	Import from Databricks Unity Catalog	partial
dbt	Import from dbt models	TBD
odcs	Import from Open Data Contract Standard (ODCS)	✅
Missing something?	Please create an issue on GitHub	TBD

BigQuery

Bigquery data can either be imported off of JSON Files generated from the table descriptions or directly from the Bigquery API. In case you want to use JSON Files, specify the source parameter with a path to the JSON File.

To import from the Bigquery API, you have to omit source and instead need to provide bigquery-project and bigquery-dataset. Additionally you may specify bigquery-table to enumerate the tables that should be imported. If no tables are given, all available tables of the dataset will be imported.

For providing authentication to the Client, please see the google documentation or the one about authorizing client libraries.

Examples:

# Example import from Bigquery JSON
datacontract import --format bigquery --source my_bigquery_table.json

# Example import from Bigquery API with specifying the tables to import
datacontract import --format bigquery --bigquery-project <project_id> --bigquery-dataset <dataset_id> --bigquery-table <tableid_1> --bigquery-table <tableid_2> --bigquery-table <tableid_3>

# Example import from Bigquery API importing all tables in the dataset
datacontract import --format bigquery --bigquery-project <project_id> --bigquery-dataset <dataset_id>

Unity Catalog

# Example import from a Unity Catalog JSON file
datacontract import --format unity --source my_unity_table.json

# Example import single table from Unity Catalog via HTTP endpoint
export DATABRICKS_IMPORT_INSTANCE="https://xyz.cloud.databricks.com"
export DATABRICKS_IMPORT_ACCESS_TOKEN=<token>
datacontract import --format unity --unity-table-full-name <table_full_name>

Glue

Importing from Glue reads the necessary Data directly off of the AWS API. You may give the glue-table parameter to enumerate the tables that should be imported. If no tables are given, all available tables of the database will be imported.

Examples:

# Example import from AWS Glue with specifying the tables to import
datacontract import --format glue --source <database_name> --glue-table <table_name_1> --glue-table <table_name_2> --glue-table <table_name_3>

# Example import from AWS Glue importing all tables in the database
datacontract import --format glue --source <database_name>

breaking

 Usage: datacontract breaking [OPTIONS] LOCATION_OLD LOCATION_NEW

 Identifies breaking changes between data contracts. Prints to stdout.

╭─ Arguments ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *    location_old      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the old data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
│ *    location_new      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the new data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                                                              │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

changelog

 Usage: datacontract changelog [OPTIONS] LOCATION_OLD LOCATION_NEW

 Generate a changelog between data contracts. Prints to stdout.

╭─ Arguments ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *    location_old      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the old data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
│ *    location_new      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the new data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                                                              │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

diff

 Usage: datacontract diff [OPTIONS] LOCATION_OLD LOCATION_NEW

 PLACEHOLDER. Currently works as 'changelog' does.

╭─ Arguments ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ *    location_old      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the old data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
│ *    location_new      TEXT  The location (url or path) of the new data contract yaml. [default: None] [required]        │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                                                               │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

catalog

 Usage: datacontract catalog [OPTIONS]

 Create an html catalog of data contracts.

╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --files         TEXT  Glob pattern for the data contract files to include in the catalog. [default: *.yaml]             │
│ --output        TEXT  Output directory for the catalog html files. [default: catalog/]                                  │
│ --help                Show this message and exit.                                                                       │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

Publish

 Usage: datacontract publish [OPTIONS] [LOCATION]

 Publish the data contract to the Data Mesh Manager.

╭─ Arguments ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│   location      [LOCATION]  The location (url or path) of the data contract yaml. [default: datacontract.yaml]             │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Options ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                                                                │
╰────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

Integrations

Integration	Option	Description
Data Mesh Manager	--publish	Push full results to the Data Mesh Manager API
OpenTelemetry	--publish-to-opentelemetry	Push result as gauge metrics

Integration with Data Mesh Manager

If you use Data Mesh Manager, you can use the data contract URL and append the --publish option to send and display the test results. Set an environment variable for your API key.

# Fetch current data contract, execute tests on production, and publish result to data mesh manager
$ EXPORT DATAMESH_MANAGER_API_KEY=xxx
$ datacontract test https://demo.datamesh-manager.com/demo279750347121/datacontracts/4df9d6ee-e55d-4088-9598-b635b2fdcbbc/datacontract.yaml --server production --publish

Integration with OpenTelemetry

If you use OpenTelemetry, you can use the data contract URL and append the --publish-to-opentelemetry option to send the test results to your OLTP-compatible instance, e.g., Prometheus.

The metric name is "datacontract.cli.test.result" and it uses the following encoding for the result:

datacontract.cli.test.result	Description
0	test run passed, no warnings
1	test run has warnings
2	test run failed
3	test run not possible due to an error
4	test status unknown

# Fetch current data contract, execute tests on production, and publish result to open telemetry
$ EXPORT OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=datacontract-cli
$ EXPORT OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=https://YOUR_ID.apm.westeurope.azure.elastic-cloud.com:443
$ EXPORT OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS=Authorization=Bearer%20secret # Optional, when using SaaS Products
$ EXPORT OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL=http/protobuf # Optional, default is http/protobuf - use value grpc to use the gRPC protocol instead
# Send to OpenTelemetry
$ datacontract test https://demo.datamesh-manager.com/demo279750347121/datacontracts/4df9d6ee-e55d-4088-9598-b635b2fdcbbc/datacontract.yaml --server production --publish-to-opentelemetry

Current limitations:

• currently, only ConsoleExporter and OTLP Exporter
• Metrics only, no logs yet (but loosely planned)

Best Practices

We share best practices in using the Data Contract CLI.

Data-first Approach

Create a data contract based on the actual data. This is the fastest way to get started and to get feedback from the data consumers.

1. Use an existing physical schema (e.g., SQL DDL) as a starting point to define your logical data model in the contract. Double check right after the import whether the actual data meets the imported logical data model. Just to be sure.

   $ datacontract import --format sql ddl.sql
   $ datacontract test
   

2. Add examples to the datacontract.yaml. If you can, use actual data and anonymize. Make sure that the examples match the imported logical data model.

   $ datacontract test --examples
   

3. Add quality checks and additional type constraints one by one to the contract and make sure the examples and the actual data still adheres to the contract. Check against examples for a very fast feedback loop.

   $ datacontract test --examples
   $ datacontract test
   

4. Make sure that all the best practices for a datacontract.yaml are met using the linter. You probably forgot to document some fields and add the terms and conditions.

   $ datacontract lint
   

5. Set up a CI pipeline that executes daily and reports the results to the Data Mesh Manager. Or to some place else. You can even publish to any opentelemetry compatible system.

   $ datacontract test --publish https://api.datamesh-manager.com/api/runs
   

Contract-First

Create a data contract based on the requirements from use cases.

1. Start with a datacontract.yaml template.

   $ datacontract init
   

2. Add examples to the datacontract.yaml. Do not start with the data model, although you are probably tempted to do that. Examples are the fastest way to get feedback from everybody and not loose someone in the discussion.

3. Create the model based on the examples. Test the model against the examples to double-check whether the model matches the examples.

   $ datacontract test --examples
   

4. Add quality checks and additional type constraints one by one to the contract and make sure the examples and the actual data still adheres to the contract. Check against examples for a very fast feedback loop.

   $ datacontract test --examples
   

5. Fill in the terms, descriptions, etc. Make sure you follow all best practices for a datacontract.yaml using the linter.

   $ datacontract lint
   

6. Set up a CI pipeline that lints and tests the examples so you make sure that any changes later do not decrease the quality of the contract.

   $ datacontract lint
   $ datacontract test --examples
   

7. Use the export function to start building the providing data product as well as the integration into the consuming data products.

   # data provider
   $ datacontract export --format dbt
   # data consumer
   $ datacontract export --format dbt-sources
   $ datacontract export --format dbt-staging-sql
   

Schema Evolution

Non-breaking Changes

Examples: adding models or fields

• Add the models or fields in the datacontract.yaml
• Increment the minor version of the datacontract.yaml on any change. Simply edit the datacontract.yaml for this.
• You need a policy that these changes are non-breaking. That means that one cannot use the star expression in SQL to query a table under contract. Make the consequences known.
• Fail the build in the Pull Request if a datacontract.yaml accidentially adds a breaking change even despite only a minor version change

  $ datacontract breaking datacontract-from-pr.yaml datacontract-from-main.yaml
  

• Create a changelog of this minor change.

  $ datacontract changelog datacontract-from-pr.yaml datacontract-from-main.yaml
  

Breaking Changes

Examples: Removing or renaming models and fields.

• Remove or rename models and fields in the datacontract.yaml, and any other change that might be part of this new major version of this data contract.
• Increment the major version of the datacontract.yaml for this and create a new file for the major version. The reason being, that one needs to offer an upgrade path for the data consumers from the old to the new major version.
• As data consumers need to migrate, try to reduce the frequency of major versions by making multiple breaking changes together if possible.
• Be aware of the notice period in the data contract as this is the minimum amount of time you have to offer both the old and the new version for a migration path.
• Do not fear making breaking changes with data contracts. It's okay to do them in this controlled way. Really!
• Create a changelog of this major change.

  $ datacontract changelog datacontract-from-pr.yaml datacontract-from-main.yaml
  

Development Setup

Python base interpreter should be 3.11.x (unless working on 3.12 release candidate).

# create venv
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# Install Requirements
pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
pip install -e '.[dev]'
pre-commit install
pre-commit run --all-files
pytest

Docker Build

docker build -t datacontract/cli .
docker run --rm -v ${PWD}:/home/datacontract datacontract/cli

Docker compose integration

We've included a docker-compose.yml configuration to simplify the build, test, and deployment of the image.

Building the Image with Docker Compose

To build the Docker image using Docker Compose, run the following command:

docker compose build

This command utilizes the docker-compose.yml to build the image, leveraging predefined settings such as the build context and Dockerfile location. This approach streamlines the image creation process, avoiding the need for manual build specifications each time.

Testing the Image

After building the image, you can test it directly with Docker Compose:

docker compose run --rm datacontract --version

This command runs the container momentarily to check the version of the datacontract CLI. The --rm flag ensures that the container is automatically removed after the command executes, keeping your environment clean.

Release Steps

1. Update the version in pyproject.toml
2. Have a look at the CHANGELOG.md
3. Create release commit manually
4. Execute ./release
5. Wait until GitHub Release is created
6. Add the release notes to the GitHub Release

Contribution

We are happy to receive your contributions. Propose your change in an issue or directly create a pull request with your improvements.

Companies using this tool

• INNOQ
• And many more. To add your company, please create a pull request.

Related Tools

• Data Mesh Manager is a commercial tool to manage data products and data contracts. It supports the data contract specification and allows the user to import or export data contracts using this specification.
• Data Contract GPT is a custom GPT that can help you write data contracts.
• Data Contract Editor is an editor for Data Contracts, including a live html preview.

License

MIT License

Credits

Created by Stefan Negele and Jochen Christ.

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