delocate 0.10.2

Checking required architectures

Current Python.org Python and the macOS system Python (/usr/bin/python) are both dual architecture binaries. For example:

$ lipo -info /usr/bin/python
Architectures in the fat file: /usr/bin/python are: x86_64 arm64e

This Big Sur macOS Python has both x86_64 and arm64 (M1) versions fused into one file. Earlier versions of macOS had dual architectures that were 32-bit (i386) and 64-bit (x86_64).

For full compatibility with system and Python.org Python, wheels built for Python.org Python or system Python should have the corresponding architectures — e.g. x86_64 and arm64 versions of the Python extensions and their libraries. It is easy to link Python extensions against single architecture libraries by mistake, and therefore get single architecture extensions and / or libraries. In fact my Scipy wheel is one such example, because I inadvertently linked against the Homebrew libraries, which were x86_64 only. To check this you can use the --require-archs flag:

$ delocate-wheel --require-archs=intel scipy-0.14.0-cp34-cp34m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/mb312/.virtualenvs/delocate/bin/delocate-wheel", line 77, in <module>
    main()
File "/Users/mb312/.virtualenvs/delocate/bin/delocate-wheel", line 69, in main
    check_verbose=opts.verbose)
File "/Users/mb312/.virtualenvs/delocate/lib/python2.7/site-packages/delocate/delocating.py", line 477, in delocate_wheel
    "Some missing architectures in wheel")
delocate.delocating.DelocationError: Some missing architectures in wheel

Notice that this command was using an earlier version of Delocate that supported Python 2; we now support Python 3 only.

The intel argument to --require-arch above requires dual 32- and 64- bit architecture extensions and libraries. You can see which extensions are at fault by adding the -v (verbose) flag:

$ delocate-wheel -w fixed_wheels --require-archs=intel -v scipy-0.14.0-cp34-cp34m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Fixing: scipy-0.14.0-cp34-cp34m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl
Required arch i386 missing from /usr/local/Cellar/gfortran/4.8.2/gfortran/lib/libgfortran.3.dylib
Required arch i386 missing from /usr/local/Cellar/gfortran/4.8.2/gfortran/lib/libquadmath.0.dylib
Required arch i386 missing from scipy/fftpack/_fftpack.so
Required arch i386 missing from scipy/fftpack/convolve.so
Required arch i386 missing from scipy/integrate/_dop.so
...

I need to rebuild this wheel to link with dual-architecture libraries.

Troubleshooting

DelocationError: “library does not exist”

When running delocate-wheel or its sister command delocate-path, you may get errors like this:

delocate.delocating.DelocationError: library "<long temporary path>/wheel/libme.dylib" does not exist

This happens when one of your libraries gives a library dependency with a relative path. For example, let’s say that some file in my wheel has this for the output of otool -L myext.so:

myext.so:
    libme.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 60.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)

The first line means that myext.so expects to find libme.dylib at exactly the path ./libme.dylib - the current working directory from which you ran the executable. The output should be something like:

myext.so:
    /path/to/libme.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 60.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)

To set the path to the library, the linker is using the install name id of the linked library. In this bad case, then otool -L libme.dylib will give something like:

libme.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)

where the first line is the install name id that the linker picked up when linking myext.so to libme.dylib. You job is to fix the build process so that libme.dylib has install name id /path/to/libme.dylib. This is not a problem specific to Delocate; you will need to do this to make sure that myext.so can load libme.dylib without libme.dylib being in the current working directory. For CMAKE builds you may want to check out CMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR.