Django API Forms

Django Forms approach in validation of request payload (especially for content type like JSON or MessagePack) without HTML front-end.

Motivation

Main idea was to create a simple and declarative way to specify format of expecting request with ability to validate them. Firstly I tried to use Django Forms to validate my API request (I use pure Django in my APIs). I have encountered a problem with nesting my requests without huge boilerplate. Also, the whole HTML thing was pretty useless in my RESTful APIs.

I wanted something to:

• define my requests as object (Form)
• pass the request to my defined object (form = Form.create_from_request(request))
• validate my request form.is_valid()
• extract data form.clean_data property

I wanted to keep:

• friendly declarative Django syntax (DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass is beautiful)
• Django Validators
• ValidationError

So I decided to create simple Python package to cover all my expectations.

Installation

# Using pip
pip install django-api-forms

# Using poetry
peotry add django-api-forms

# Using pipenv
pipenv install django-api-forms

# Using setup.py
python setup.py install

Optional:

# msgpack support (for requests with Content-Type: application/x-msgpack)
pipenv install msgpack

Example

Simple nested JSON request

{
  "title": "Unknown Pleasures",
  "type": "vinyl",
  "artist": {
    "name": "Joy Division",
    "genres": [
      "rock",
      "punk"
    ],
    "members": 4
  },
  "year": 1979,
  "songs": [
    {
      "title": "Disorder",
      "duration": "3:29"
    },
    {
      "title": "Day of the Lords",
      "duration": "4:48",
      "metadata": {
        "_section": {
          "type": "ID3v2",
          "offset": 0,
          "byteLength": 2048
        },
        "header": {
          "majorVersion": 3,
          "minorRevision": 0,
          "flagsOctet": 0,
          "unsynchronisationFlag": false,
          "extendedHeaderFlag": false,
          "experimentalIndicatorFlag": false,
          "size": 2038
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "created_at": "2019-10-21T18:57:03+0100",
    "updated_at": "2019-10-21T18:57:03+0100"
  }
}

Django API Forms equivalent + validation

from enum import Enum

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.forms import fields

from django_api_forms import FieldList, FormField, FormFieldList, DictionaryField, EnumField, AnyField, Form


class AlbumType(Enum):
    CD = 'cd'
    VINYL = 'vinyl'


class ArtistForm(Form):
    name = fields.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    genres = FieldList(field=fields.CharField(max_length=30))
    members = fields.IntegerField()


class SongForm(Form):
    title = fields.CharField(required=True, max_length=100)
    duration = fields.DurationField(required=False)
    metadata = AnyField(required=False)


class AlbumForm(Form):
    title = fields.CharField(max_length=100)
    year = fields.IntegerField()
    artist = FormField(form=ArtistForm)
    songs = FormFieldList(form=SongForm)
    type = EnumField(enum=AlbumType, required=True)
    metadata = DictionaryField(fields.DateTimeField())

    def clean_year(self):
        if self.cleaned_data['year'] == 1992:
            raise ValidationError("Year 1992 is forbidden!", 'forbidden-value')
        return self.cleaned_data['year']

    def clean(self):
        if (self.cleaned_data['year'] == 1998) and (self.cleaned_data['artist']['name'] == "Nirvana"):
            raise ValidationError("Sounds like a bullshit", code='time-traveling')
        return self.cleaned_data



"""
Django view example
"""
def create_album(request):
    form = AlbumForm.create_from_request(request)
    if not form.is_valid():
        # Process your validation error
        print(form.errors)

    # Cleaned valid payload
    payload = form.cleaned_data
    print(payload)

If you want example with whole Django project, check out repository created by @pawl django_api_forms_modelchoicefield_example, where he uses library with ModelChoiceField.

Running Tests

# install all dependencies
poetry install

# run the tests
poetry run pytest

Made with ❤️ and ☕️ by Jakub Dubec & BACKBONE s.r.o.

Changelog

0.8.0 : 05.05.2020

• Maintenance: Add tests for fields
• Change: Remove DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass and import from Django instead.
• Change: Msgpack dependency is no longer required.
• Change: Empty values passed into a FormField now return {} rather than None.
• Fix: Throw a more user friendly error when passing non-Enums or invalid values to EnumField.

0.7.1 : 13.04.2020

• Change Use poetry instead of pipenv
• Change: Library renamed from django_api_forms to django-api-forms (cosmetic change without effect)

0.7.0 : 03.03.2020

• Change: Library renamed from django_request_formatter to django_api_forms
• Change: Imports in main module django_api_forms

0.6.0 : 18.02.2020

• Feature: BooleanField introduced

0.5.8 : 07.01.2020

• Fix: Pass Invalid value as ValidationError not as a string

0.5.7 : 07.01.2020

• Fix: Introduced generic Invalid value error message, if there is AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError

0.5.6 : 01.01.2020

• Fix: Fixing issue from version 0.5.5 but this time for real
• Change: Renamed version file from __version__.py to version.py

0.5.5 : 01.01.2020

• Fix: Check instance only if there is a value in FieldList and FormFieldList

0.5.4 : 24.12.2019

• Fix: Added missing msgpack`` dependency to setup.py`

0.5.3 : 20.12.2019

• Feature: Introduced generic AnyField

0.5.2 : 19.12.2019

• Fix: Skip processing of the FormField if value is not required and empty

0.5.1 : 19.12.2019

• Fix: Process EnumField even if it's not marked as required

0.5.0 : 16.12.2019

• Change: Use native django.form.fields if possible
• Change: Removed kwargs propagation from release 0.3.0
• Change: Changed syntax back to django.forms compatible (e.g. form.validate_{key}() -> form.clean_{key}())
• Change: FieldList raises ValidationError instead of RuntimeException if there is a type in validation
• Change: Use private properties for internal data in field objects
• Fixed: FieldList returns values instead of None
• Fix: Fixed validation in DictionaryField
• Maintenance: Basic unit tests

0.4.3 : 29.11.2019

• Fix: Fixed Form has no attribute self._data

0.4.2 : 29.11.2019

• Fix: If payload is empty, create empty dictionary to avoid NoneType error

0.4.1 : 14.11.2019

• Feature: Introduced UUIDField

0.4.0 : 13.11.2019

• Feature: Introduced DictionaryField

0.3.0 : 11.11.2019

• Feature: Propagate kwargs from Form.is_valid() to Form.validate() and Form.validate_{key}() methods

0.2.1 : 4.11.2019

• Fix: Fixed to_python() in FormFieldList

0.2.0 : 31.10.2019

• Change: Form.validate() replaced by Form.is_valid()
• Feature: Form.validate() is now used as a last step of form validation and it's aimed to be overwritten if needed
• Note: Unit tests initialization

0.1.6 : 24.10.2019

• Fix: Non-required EnumField is now working
• Feature: WIP: Initial method for filling objects Form::fill()

0.1.5 : 23.10.2019

• Fix: Assign errors to form before raising ValidationError

0.1.4 : 23.10.2019

• Fix: Do not return empty error records in Form:errors

0.1.3 : 23.10.2019

• Fix: Use custom DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass because of custom Field class
• Fix: Do not return untouched fields in Form::payload
• Fix: Fix for None default_validators in Field

0.1.2 : 22:10.2019

• Feature: Support for validation_{field} methods in Form (initial support)

0.1.1 : 22.10.2019

• Feature: EnumField

0.1.0 : 22.10.2019

• Feature: First version of Form class
• Feature: CharField
• Feature: IntegerField
• Feature: FloatField
• Feature: DecimalField
• Feature: DateField
• Feature: TimeField
• Feature: DateTimeField
• Feature: DurationField
• Feature: RegexField
• Feature: EmailField
• Feature: BooleanField
• Feature: RegexField
• Feature: FieldList
• Feature: FormField
• Feature: FormFieldList