django-azure-sql-backend 2.1.1.1

Django backend for Microsoft SQL Server and Azure SQL Database using pyodbc

django-azure-sql-backend is a modern fork of django-pyodbc-azure made to support AAD access token authentication. It is also a fork of django-pyodbc, a Django Microsoft SQL Server external DB backend that uses ODBC by employing the pyodbc library. It supports Microsoft SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Features

• Supports Django 2.1

• Supports Microsoft SQL Server 2008/2008R2, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 and Azure SQL Database

• AAD authentication through registered application access token

• Passes most of the tests of the Django test suite

• Compatible with Micosoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server, SQL Server Native Client, and FreeTDS ODBC drivers

Dependencies

• Django 2.1

• pyodbc 3.0 or newer

Installation

1. Install pyodbc and Django

2. Install django-azure-sql-backend

   pip install django-azure-sql-backend

3. Now you can point the ENGINE setting in the settings file used by your Django application or project to the 'sql_server.pyodbc' module path

   'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc'

Configuration

Standard Django settings

The following entries in a database-level settings dictionary in DATABASES control the behavior of the backend:

• ENGINE

  String. It must be "sql_server.pyodbc".

• NAME

  String. Database name. Required.

• HOST

  String. SQL Server instance in "server\instance" (on-premise) or "server.database.windows.net" (Azure SQL Database) format.

• PORT

  String. Server instance port. An empty string means the default port.

• USER

  String. Database user name in "user" (on-premise) or "user@server" (Azure SQL Database) format. If not given then MS Integrated Security will be used.

• PASSWORD

  String. Database user password.

• AUTOCOMMIT

  Boolean. Set this to False if you want to disable Django’s transaction management and implement your own.

and the following entries are also available in the TEST dictionary for any given database-level settings dictionary:

• NAME

  String. The name of database to use when running the test suite. If the default value (None) is used, the test database will use the name “test_” + NAME.

• COLLATION

  String. The collation order to use when creating the test database. If the default value (None) is used, the test database is assigned the default collation of the instance of SQL Server.

• DEPENDENCIES

  String. The creation-order dependencies of the database. See the official Django documentation for more details.

• MIRROR

  String. The alias of the database that this database should mirror during testing. Default value is None. See the official Django documentation for more details.

AAD-AUTH

When provided, USER and PASSWORD are not used and AAD authentication using application access token is used instead.

References:

• https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-python

• https://github.com/AzureAD/azure-activedirectory-library-for-python/wiki/Connect-to-Azure-SQL-Database

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/quickstart-v2-python-webapp

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/python/pyodbc/step-3-proof-of-concept-connecting-to-sql-using-pyodbc?view=sql-server-ver15

Dictionary. Current available keys are:

• tenant_id

  String. Refers to the registered application tenant identifier to use. It is also known as the directory identifier and can sometimes be provided within the STS url like so: https://login.microsoftonline.com/<TENANT_ID>/oauth2/v2.0/token

• client_id

  String. Refers to the registered application client identifier to use. It is also known as the application identifier.

• secret

  String. Refers to the secret that will be use to authenticate with AAD.

OPTIONS

Dictionary. Current available keys are:

• driver

  String. ODBC Driver to use ("ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server", "SQL Server Native Client 11.0", "FreeTDS" etc). Default is "ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server".

• isolation_level

  String. Sets transaction isolation level for each database session. Valid values for this entry are READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SNAPSHOT, and SERIALIZABLE. Default is None which means no isolation levei is set to a database session and SQL Server default will be used.

• dsn

  String. A named DSN can be used instead of HOST.

• host_is_server

  Boolean. Only relevant if using the FreeTDS ODBC driver under Unix/Linux.

  By default, when using the FreeTDS ODBC driver the value specified in the HOST setting is used in a SERVERNAME ODBC connection string component instead of being used in a SERVER component; this means that this value should be the name of a dataserver definition present in the freetds.conf FreeTDS configuration file instead of a hostname or an IP address.

  But if this option is present and it’s value is True, this special behavior is turned off.

  See http://www.freetds.org/userguide/dsnless.htm for more information.

• unicode_results

  Boolean. If it is set to True, pyodbc’s unicode_results feature is activated and strings returned from pyodbc are always Unicode. Default value is False.

• extra_params

  String. Additional parameters for the ODBC connection. The format is "param=value;param=value".

• collation

  String. Name of the collation to use when performing text field lookups against the database. Default is None; this means no collation specifier is added to your lookup SQL (the default collation of your database will be used). For Chinese language you can set it to "Chinese_PRC_CI_AS".

• connection_timeout

  Integer. Sets the timeout in seconds for the database connection process. Default value is 0 which disables the timeout.

• connection_retries

  Integer. Sets the times to retry the database connection process. Default value is 5.

• connection_retry_backoff_time

  Integer. Sets the back off time in seconds for reries of the database connection process. Default value is 5.

• query_timeout

  Integer. Sets the timeout in seconds for the database query. Default value is 0 which disables the timeout.

backend-specific settings

The following project-level settings also control the behavior of the backend:

• DATABASE_CONNECTION_POOLING

  Boolean. If it is set to False, pyodbc’s connection pooling feature won’t be activated.

Example

Here is an example of the database settings using user and password:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'USER': 'user@myserver',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'myserver.database.windows.net',
        'PORT': '',

        'OPTIONS': {
            'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
        },
    },
}

# set this to False if you want to turn off pyodbc's connection pooling
DATABASE_CONNECTION_POOLING = False

Here is an example of the database settings using AAD access token authentication:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'HOST': 'myserver.database.windows.net',
        'PORT': '',
        'AAD-AUTH': {
            'tenant_id': '02a2e49f-b581-45c4-84a9-bdee0198b26f',
            'client_id': '818979f8-a731-48d9-bf42-b00a04e1e618',
            'secret': "MY_SUPER_SECRET",
        },
        'OPTIONS': {
            'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
        },
    },
}

# set this to False if you want to turn off pyodbc's connection pooling
DATABASE_CONNECTION_POOLING = False

Limitations

The following features are currently not supported:

• Altering a model field from or to AutoField at migration

Notice

This version of django-azure-sql-backend only supports Django 2.1. If you want to use it on older versions of Django, specify an appropriate version number (2.0.x.x for Django 2.0) at installation like this:

pip install "django-azure-sql-backend<2.1"