Set of helpers for Django used at PHAC-ASPC
Project description
Django Helpers
Provides a series of helpers to provide a consistent experience across PHAC-ASPC's Django based projects.
Third party applications
By using this library, the following django applications will automatically be added to your django project:
Quick start
pip install django-phac_aspc-helpers
# settings.py
from phac_aspc.django.settings.utils import configure_apps, configure_middleware
from phac_aspc.django.settings import *
INSTALLED_APPS = configure_apps([...])
MIDDLEWARE = configure_middleware([...])
Note Replace [...] above with the corresponding existing configuration from your project.
The configure_apps
and configure_middleware
utility functions will insert
the appropriate applications into their correct location in your project's
application and middleware lists.
# urls.py
from phac_aspc.django.helpers.urls import urlpatterns as phac_aspc_helper_urls
urlpatterns = [
...
*phac_aspc_helper_urls,
]
Note Add
*phac_aspc_helper_urls
to the list orurlpatterns
exported by your project'surls
module.
Jinja
If you are using jinja, you can use the phac_aspc jinja utils and django templatetags by adding them to the global environment like this:
import phac_aspc.django.helpers.templatetags as phac_aspc
import phac_aspc.django.helpers.jinja_utils as include_from_dtl
def environment(**options):
env = Environment(**options)
env.globals.update({
"phac_aspc": phac_aspc,
"include_from_dtl": include_from_dtl,
})
return env
For more information, refer to the Jinja documentation.
Environment variables
Several settings or behaviours implemented by this library can be controlled via
environment variables. By default, these environment variables are read from the
.env
file in your project's root. This is done via the django-environ
library; refer to their documentation on how to format special data types like lists.
Alternatively, these environment variables can be declared in your settings.py
itself. There are two important caveats when doing so:
settings.py
declarations take precedence over any instances of the same env var in your.env
file- any env vars declared in
settings.py
for this library must be declared before any imports fromphac_aspc
occur!- similarly, you should not consume
phac_aspc
modules anywhere that executes prior to Django's consumption of your app's settings module (e.g. inmanage.py
) phac_aspc
modules that don't, directly or indirectly, depend on these env vars are theoretically safe anywhere, but we don't currently identify these modules, or make promises that any given module won't start depending on env vars in the future
- similarly, you should not consume
All env vars for this library are prefixed with PHAC_ASPC_
. Available PHAC_ASPC_
env vars are listed under their coresponding "feature" sections below.
global_from_env
This library also provides a utility that automatically declares an un-prefixed module
level global from a prefixed env var. It is particularly useful when declaring
django settings. The default prefix used is PHAC_ASPC_
from phac_aspc.django.settings.utils import global_from_env
global_from_env(
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE=(int, 1200),
)
The example above creates the module level global SESSION_COOKIE_AGE
taking the
value of the env var named PHAC_ASPC_SESSION_COOKIE_AGE
, defaulting to 1200 if no
env var is found. As with other configuration env vars for this library, the value
can either come from Django settings or from a .env
file.
An alternative prefix can also be provided as well, to use this with other env var name spaces.
from phac_aspc.django.settings.utils import global_from_env
global_from_env(
prefix='MY_PREFIX_',
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE=(int, 1200),
)
Features
Web Experience Toolkit (WET)
The Web Experience Toolkit is bundled with the helpers, and can easily be added to your templates.
Your base template should be modified to:
- Specify the current language in the lang attribute of the HTML element
- Include the WET CSS files inside the HEAD element
- Include the WET script files at the end of your BODY element
A minimum base template may look like this:
{% load phac_aspc_wet %}
{% load phac_aspc_localization %}
<html lang="{% phac_aspc_localization_lang %}">
<head>
{% phac_aspc_wet_css %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>Minimum base template</h1>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
{% phac_aspc_wet_scripts %}
</body>
</html>
or if you're using Jinja:
<html lang="{{ phac_aspc.phac_aspc_localization_lang() }}">
<head>
{{ phac_aspc.phac_aspc_wet_css() }}
</head>
<body>
<h1>Minimum base template</h1>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
{{ phac_aspc.phac_aspc_wet_scripts() }}
</body>
</html>
Bundled WET releases
Product | Version |
---|---|
Web Experience Toolkit (WET) | v4.0.56.4 |
Canada.ca (GCWeb) | v12.5.0 |
Sign in using Microsoft
By adding a few environment variables, authentication using Microsoft's
identity platform is automatically configured via the Authlib
library. Setting the PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_PROVIDER
variable to "microsoft" enables
OAuth and adds the following new routes:
- /en-ca/phac_aspc_helper_login (
phac_aspc_helper_login
) - /fr-ca/phac_aspc_helper_login (
phac_aspc_helper_login
) - /en-ca/phac_aspc_helper_authorize (
phac_aspc_authorize
) - /fr-ca/phac_aspc_helper_authorize (
phac_aspc_authorize
)
The phac_aspc_authorize
URLs above must be added to the list of redirect URLs
in the Azure App Registration.
The login flow is triggered by redirecting the browser to the named route
phac_aspc_helper_login
. The browser will automatically redirect the user to
Microsoft's Sign in page and after successful authentication, return the user to
the redirect route named phac_aspc_authorize
along with a token containing
information about the user.
By default, the authentication backend will look for a user who's username is
the user's uuid from Microsoft - if not found a new user is created. To
customize this behaviour, a custom authentication backend class can be specified
via PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_USE_BACKEND
in settings.py
.
After successful authentication, the user is redirected to /
. To customize
this behaviour, set PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_REDIRECT_ON_LOGIN
in settings.py
to the
name of the desired route.
Redirecting to a specific page is also supported through the ?next=<url>
query parameter. See "Template Tag" examples below.
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_USE_BACKEND = "custom.authentication.backend"
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_REDIRECT_ON_LOGIN = "home"
# pylint: disable=wrong-import-position, unused-wildcard-import, wildcard-import
from phac_aspc.django.settings import *
Note It is important that these settings be declared before the wildcard import.
Here is an example custom backend that sets the user's name to the value provided by the identity service.
from typing import Any
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.contrib.auth.backends import BaseBackend
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser
from django.http.request import HttpRequest
class OAuthBackend(BaseBackend):
def _get(self, user_info, value, default=""):
return user_info[value] if value in user_info else default
def _should_update(self, user_info, value, current):
v = self._get(user_info, value)
return v != "" and v != current
def _sync_user(self, user, user_info, force=False):
if (
force
or self._should_update(user_info, "email", user.email)
or self._should_update(user_info, "name", user.first_name)
):
user.email = self._get(user_info, "email", user.email)
user.first_name = self._get(user_info, "name", user.first_name)
user.save()
def authenticate(
self,
request: HttpRequest,
user_info: dict | None = None,
**kwargs: Any,
) -> AbstractBaseUser | None:
if user_info is not None:
user_model = get_user_model()
try:
user = user_model.objects.get(username=user_info["oid"])
self._sync_user(user, user_info)
except user_model.DoesNotExist:
user = user_model(username=user_info["oid"])
self._sync_user(user, user_info, True)
return user
return None
def get_user(self, user_id):
user_model = get_user_model()
try:
return user_model.objects.get(pk=user_id)
except user_model.DoesNotExist:
return None
Sign-in with Microsoft Environment Variables
Variable | Type | Purpose |
---|---|---|
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_PROVIDER | str | Only "microsoft" is supported at the moment. |
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_APP_CLIENT_ID | str | Client ID (from the App Registration) |
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_APP_CLIENT_SECRET | str | Client Secret (from the App Registration) |
PHAC_ASPC_OAUTH_MICROSOFT_TENANT | str | Microsoft Tenant ID |
Template Tag
A "Sign in with Microsoft" button is available as a template tag:
{% load phac_aspc_auth %}
{% phac_aspc_auth_signin_microsoft_button %}
To redirect to a specific page after logging in, pass the next
query parameter through to the template tag as an argument.
e.g. with Jinja, on a login page where the URL ends with ?next=/some-protected-page/
:
{{ phac_aspc.phac_aspc_auth_signin_microsoft_button(request.GET.urlencode()) }}
Handling Errors
If there are any errors during the authentication flow, they are displayed to
the user via the error.html
template. The template can be extended using standard django templating by
creating a templates/phac_aspc/helpers/auth/error.html
file in the host
project.
Strings and locales
Strings displayed to the user during the authentication flow are available in Canada's both official languages. These strings can be customized by creating templates in the host project. Here is a list of strings and templates used by the authentication flow:
Template | Context |
---|---|
error_title.html | Error page title tag value |
error_page_description.html | Description of error page (meta tag) |
error_type_general.html | Error header displayed for general exceptions |
error_type_oauth.html | Error header displayed for authentication errors |
error_retry.html | Text of retry link |
microsoft_logo.html | Alt text of sign the Microsoft logo in signin button |
signin_with_microsoft.html | Text displayed in sign in button |
Note String templates should be placed in the
templates/phac_aspc/helpers/strings
directory.
Security Controls
AC-7 Automatic lockout of users after invalid login attempts
django-axes is used to monitor and lockout users who fail to successfully authenticate.
The default configuration makes the following configuration changes to django:
- An attempt is identified by the combination of incoming IP address and the username,
- Both successful logins and failures are recorded to the database,
- The django project is assumed to be behind 1 reverse proxy (SSL),
- After 3 login failures, the account is locked out for 30 minutes.
To require an administrator to unlock the account, or to alter the lockout
duration, you can modify the AXES_COOLOFF_TIME
setting.
# settings.py
# Examples of AXES_COOLOFF_TIME settings
AXES_COOLOFF_TIME = None # An administrator must unlock the account
AXES_COOLOFF_TIME = 2 # Accounts will be locked out for 2 hours
For more information regarding available configuration options, visit django-axes's documentation
There are also a few command line management commands available, for example to remove all of the lockouts you can run:
python -m manage axes_reset
See the usage documentation for more details.
AC-11 Session Timeouts
The default configuration makes the following configuration changes to django:
- Sessions timeout in 20 minutes,
- Sessions cookies are marked as secure,
- Sessions cookies are discarded when the browser is closed,
- Any requests to the server automatically extends the session.
You can override any of these settings by adding them below the settings import line. For example to use 30 minutes sessions:
#settings.py
from phac_aspc.django.settings import *
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE=1800
Configuration parameters can also be overridden using environment variables. For example here is a .env file that achieves the same result as above.
# .env
PHAC_ASPC_SESSION_COOKIE_AGE=1800
For more information on sessions, refer to Django's documentation
Additionally the Session Timeout UI control is available to warn users their session is about to expire, and provide mechanisms to automatically renew the session by clicking anywhere on the page, or by clicking on the "extend session" button when less than 3 minutes remain.
To use it, make sure your base template has WET setup as described above, and add the following line somewhere in your body tag.
{% phac_aspc_wet_session_timeout_dialog 'logout' %}
or if you're using Jinja
{{ phac_aspc.phac_aspc_wet_session_timeout_dialog(
dict(request=request),
'logout'
)
}}
Make sure the above is included on every page where a user can be signed in, preferably in the base template for the entire site.
For more information on session timeout, visit the documentation.
Session Timeout Environment variables
All variables are prefixed with PHAC_ASPC_
to avoid name conflicts.
Variable | Type | Purpose |
---|---|---|
PHAC_ASPC_SESSION_COOKIE_AGE | int | Session expiry in seconds |
PHAC_ASPC_SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE | bool | Use secure cookies (HTTPS only) |
Localization
Django will be configured to support English (en-ca) and French (fr-ca). This
can be changed in your projects settings using LANGUAGES
and LANGUAGE_CODE
.
For more information on Django's localization, see their documentation.
Localization Environment variables
Variable | Type | Purpose |
---|---|---|
PHAC_ASPC_LANGUAGE_CODE | str | Default language |
lang template tag
In your templates, retrieve the current language code using the lang
tag.
{% load localization %}
<html lang="{% lang %}">
Or in you're using Jinja
<html lang="{{ phac_aspc.localization.lang() }}">
translate decorator
Use this decorator on your models to add translations via
django-modeltranslation
. The example below adds translations for the
title
field.
from django.db import models
from phac_aspc.django.localization.decorators import translate
@translate('title')
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
add_admin decorator
Use this decorator on your model to quickly add it to Django's admin interface.
from django.db import models
from phac_aspc.django.admin.decorators import add_admin
@add_admin()
class Person(models.Model):
...
You can also specify inline models as well as additional ModelAdmin
parameters via inlines
and admin_options
respectively.
class SignalLocation(models.Model):
signal = models.ForeignKey("Signal", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
location = models.String()
@add_admin(
admin_options={'filter_horizontal': ('source',)},
inlines=[SignalLocation]
)
class Signal(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=400)
location = models.ManyToManyField("Location", through='SignalLocation')
Jinja2 and Django Template Language (DTL) cross-language-includes
We provide a Jinja2 utility function and a DTL template tag which allows each to "include" from (render inline, using the including template's context) from one template language to the other.
include_from_dtl
Jinja2 util
Add the util to your jinja environment:
import phac_aspc.django.helpers.jinja_utils as include_from_dtl
def environment(**options):
env = Environment(**options)
env.globals.update({
..., # other utils and constants
"include_from_dtl": include_from_dtl,
})
return env
And then use it from a Jinja2 template:
{{ include_from_dtl("some/dtl/template/path.html") }}
phac_aspc_include_from_jinja
DTL template tag
To register the phac_aspc_...
template tags, add phac_aspc.django.helpers
to INSTALLED_APPS
in your settings.py
.
You can then use the template tag in your DTL templates:
{% load phac_aspc_include_from_jinja %}
{% phac_aspc_include_from_jinja "some/Jinja2/template/path.jinja2" %}
Logging
Default logging configuration
A ready-to-use default logging configuration is available from phac_aspc.django.settings.logging
,
with an environment variable based API for limited project-specific configuration. To use, just
import *
from the module in to your settings.py
and set PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_USE_HELPERS_CONFIG=true
in either your .env
file or settings.py
(before the phac_aspc
imports).
#settings.py
from phac_aspc.django.settings.logging import *
# OR, along with all the other settings, via `from phac_aspc.django.settings import *`
For a local dev environment, I recommend setting PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_PRETTY_FORMAT_CONSOLE_LOGS=True
,
to switch from JSON string formatted logs to friendlier console log formatting (coloured text, indentation, etc).
For a Google Cloud environment, the default configuration of writing JSON strings to stdout is prod-ready.
For an Azure Cloud environment, I recommend creating an Azure Monitor resource, getting your azure insights connection
string for it, and configuring the app to log to it via the PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_AZURE_INSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING
env var.
This will enable and use a pre-configured Azure log handler, outputing logs with JSON formatted message fields.
In any production environment, you can optionally provide a Slack webhook via PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL
.
This will send error and critical level logs to the webhook's slack channel. Note: this slack logging handler filters
out django.security.DisallowedHost
logs, as they are a constant background noise. Other handlers still capture them.
Default Logging Configuration environment variables
These env vars configure the default logging configuration provided by phac_aspc.django.settings.logging
. If you don't both
set PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_USE_HELPERS_CONFIG=True
and import those import those settings in your own settings.py
, then the other
env vars here won't do anything.
Variable | Type | Purpose |
---|---|---|
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_USE_HELPERS_CONFIG | bool | set to true to use the PHAC helper provided logging configuration |
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_LOWEST_LEVEL | str | lowest logging level to print |
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_MUTE_CONSOLE_HANDLER | bool | mutes the default console handler output |
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_PRETTY_FORMAT_CONSOLE_LOGS | bool | pretty format console logs (coloured text) |
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_AZURE_INSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING | str | if set, add a Azure log handler |
PHAC_ASPC_LOGGING_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL | str | if set, add a Slack Webhook handler |
Note these env vars are consumed only within
phac_aspc.django.settings.logging
. If usingconfigure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging
directly, these env vars won't do anything.
add_fields_to_all_logs_for_current_request
When the server is processing a request, this function adds additional key-value fields to the logging context. Added context is will be present in subsequent logs*. Context is cleared between requests.
* at least, it will be in the structlog event_dict
passed to the formatter (rendering processor). All of the
default PHAC helper formatters will serialize the context in to the final log output. Custom formatters may not.
Requires use of the PHAC helper's logging configuration and the django_structlog RequestMiddleware. The PHAC helper's logging configuration ensures these context vars are rendered when logging, and the django_structlog RequestMiddleware handles clearing the structlog contextvars between requests.
Customized logging configuration via configure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging
Deeper customization can be achieved by forgoing a *
import from phac_aspc.django.settings.logging
,
directly calling phac_aspc.django.helpers.logging.configure_logging.configure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging
in your settings.py instead. Be aware that this bypasses the PHAC_ASPC_HELPER_LOGGING_...
env vars, which
are all only used in the phac_aspc.django.settings.logging
module.
See the configure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging
doc string for further details.
E.g. Muting the default console handler and using a custom file handler with a custom formatter
#settings.py
import structlog
from phac_aspc.django.helpers.logging.configure_logging import (
configure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging,
DEFAULT_STRUCTLOG_PRE_PROCESSORS,
)
LOGGING_CONFIG = None
configure_uniform_std_lib_and_structlog_logging(
mute_console_handler=True,
additional_handler_configs={
"file": {
"class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level": "INFO",
"filename": "logs",
"mode": "a",
"encoding": "utf-8",
"maxBytes": 500000,
"backupCount": 4
"formatter": "custom_formatter",
}
},
additional_formatter_functions={
"custom_formatter": (
lambda _logging, _name, structlog_event_dict: (
f"{structlog_event_dict.timestamp}: {structlog_event_dict.event}"
)
)
}
)
Contributing
Local development
You can consume the helpers project locally by installing it in editable mode. This is useful for extracting project features into this library. In your requirements.txt, comment out the line with django-phac_aspc-helpers, and add the following line with the file path to this repo, then re-install. Make sure to first uninstall the package if it was already installed, e.g. pip uninstall -y django-phac_aspc-helpers
-e file:///absolute_path/to/django-phac_aspc-helpers
Generating test coverage
coverage run --source=. ./manage.py test
coverage html
python -m http.server 1337
- visit
http://localhost:1337/htmlcov/
and dig into modules to see which individual line coverage
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