eopsin-lang 0.9.4

A simple pythonic programming language for Smart Contracts on Cardano

eopsin

This is an implementation of smart contracts for Cardano which are written in a very strict subset of valid Python. The general philosophy of this project is to write a compiler that ensure the following:

If the program compiles then:

1. it is a valid Python program
2. the output running it with python is the same as running it on-chain.

Why eopsin?

• 100% valid Python. Leverage the existing tool stack for Python, syntax highlighting, linting, debugging, unit-testing, property-based testing, verification
• Intuitive. Just like Python.
• Flexible. Imperative, functional, the way you want it.
• Efficient & Secure. Static type inference ensures strict typing and optimized code

Getting Started

Developer Community and Questions

This repository contains a discussions page. Feel free to open up a new discussion with questions regarding development using eopsin and using certain features. Others may be able to help you and will also benefit from the previously shared questions.

Check out the community here

Installation

Install Python 3.8. Then run

python3.8 -m pip install eopsin-lang

Writing a Smart Contract

A short non-complete introduction in starting to write smart contracts follows.

1. Make sure you understand python. Eopsin works like python and uses python. There are tons of tutorials for python, choose what suits you best.
2. Make sure your contract is valid python and the types check out. Write simple contracts first and run them using eopsin eval to get a feeling for how they work.
3. Make sure your contract is valid eopsin code. Run eopsin compile and look at the compiler erros for guidance along what works and doesn't work and why.
4. Dig into the examples to understand common patterns. Check out the prelude for understanding how the Script Context is structured and how complex datums are defined.

A simple contract called the "Gift Contract" verifies that only specific wallets can withdraw money. They are authenticated by a signature. See the tutorial by pycardano for explanations on what each of the parameters to the validator means and how to build transactions with the contract.

from eopsin.prelude import *

@dataclass()
class CancelDatum(PlutusData):
    pubkeyhash: bytes


def validator(datum: CancelDatum, redeemer: None, context: ScriptContext) -> None:
    sig_present = False
    for s in context.tx_info.signatories:
        if datum.pubkeyhash == s:
            sig_present = True
    assert sig_present, "Required signature missing"

All contracts written in eopsin are 100% valid python. Minting policies follow the same structure, but expect a value of type None as first argument. See the examples directory for more.

Compiling

Write your program in python. You may start with the content of examples. Arguments to scripts are passed in as Plutus Data objects in JSON notation.

You can run any of the following commands

# Evaluate script in Python - this can be used to make sure there are no obvious errors
eopsin eval examples/smart_contracts/assert_sum.py "{\"int\": 4}" "{\"int\": 38}" "{\"constructor\": 0, \"fields\": []}"

# Compile script to 'uplc', the Cardano Smart Contract assembly
eopsin compile examples/smart_contracts/assert_sum.py

Deploying

The deploy process generates all artifacts required for usage with common libraries like pycardano, lucid and the cardano-cli.

# Automatically generate all artifacts needed for using this contract
eopsin build examples/smart_contracts/assert_sum.py

See the tutorial by pycardano for explanations how to build transactions with eopsin contracts.

The small print

Not every valid python program is a valid smart contract. Not all language features of python will or can be supported. The reasons are mainly of practical nature (i.e. we can't infer types when functions like eval are allowed). Specifically, only a pure subset of python is allowed. Further, only immutable objects may be generated.

For your program to be accepted, make sure to only make use of language constructs supported by the compiler. You will be notified of which constructs are not supported when trying to compile.

Name

Eopsin (Korean: 업신; Hanja: 業神) is the goddess of the storage and wealth in Korean mythology and shamanism. [...] Eopsin was believed to be a pitch-black snake that had ears. [1]

Since this project tries to merge Python (a large serpent) and Pluto/Plutus (Greek wealth gods), the name appears fitting.

The name is pronounced op-shin.

Contributing

Architecture

This program consists of a few independent components:

1. An aggressive static type inferencer
2. Rewriting tools to simplify complex python expressions
3. A compiler from a subset of python into UPLC

Debugging artefacts

For debugging purposes, you can also run

# Compile script to 'uplc', and evaluate the script in UPLC (for debugging purposes)
python3 -m eopsin eval_uplc examples/smart_contracts/assert_sum.py "{\"int\": 4}" "{\"int\": 38}" "{\"constructor\": 0, \"fields\": []}"

# Compile script to 'pluto', an intermediate language (for debugging purposes)
python3 -m eopsin compile_pluto examples/smart_contracts/assert_sum.py

Sponsoring

You can sponsor the development of eopsin. Just drop me a message on social media and let me know what it is for. Donation in ADA can be submitted to $imperatorlang or addr1qyz3vgd5xxevjy2rvqevz9n7n7dney8n6hqggp23479fm6vwpj9clsvsf85cd4xc59zjztr5zwpummwckmzr2myjwjns74lhmr.

Supporters