esdbclient 0.4.3

Python gRPC Client for EventStoreDB

Python gRPC Client for EventStoreDB

This package provides a Python gRPC client for EventStoreDB. It has been developed and tested to work with version 21.10 of EventStoreDB, and with Python versions 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, and 3.10.

Methods have typing annotations, the static typing is checked with mypy, and the test coverage is 100%.

Not all the features of the EventStoreDB API are presented by this client in its current form, however most of the useful aspects are presented in an easy-to-use interface (see below).

Installation

Use pip to install this package from the Python Package Index.

$ pip install esdbclient

It is recommended to install Python packages into a Python virtual environment.

Getting started

Start EventStoreDB

Use Docker to run EventStoreDB from the official container image on DockerHub.

$ docker run -d --name my-eventstoredb -it -p 2113:2113 -p 1113:1113 eventstore/eventstore:21.10.2-buster-slim --insecure

Please note, this will start the server without SSL/TLS enabled, allowing only "insecure" connections. This version of this Python client does not support SSL/TLS connections. A later version of this library will support "secure" connections.

Construct client

The class EsdbClient can be constructed with a uri that indicates the hostname and port number of the EventStoreDB server.

from esdbclient.client import EsdbClient

client = EsdbClient(uri='localhost:2113')

Append events

The method append_events() can be used to append events to a stream. Three required arguments are required, stream_name, expected_position and new_events.

The stream_name argument is a string that uniquely identifies the stream in the database.

The expected_position argument is an optional integer that specifies the expected position of the end of the stream in the database: either an integer representing the expected current position of the stream, or None if the stream is expected not to exist.

The events argument is a list of new event objects to be appended to the stream. The class NewEvent can be used to construct new event objects.

The method append_events() returns the "commit position", which is a monotonically increasing integer representing the position of the recorded event in a "total order" of all recorded events in the database.

In the example below, a stream is created by appending a new event with expected_position=None.

from uuid import uuid4

from esdbclient.events import NewEvent

# Construct new event object.
event1 = NewEvent(type='OrderCreated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')

# Define stream name.
stream_name1 = str(uuid4())

# Append list of events to new stream.
commit_position1 = client.append_events(
    stream_name=stream_name1, expected_position=None, events=[event1]
)

In the example below, two subsequent events are appended to an existing stream. Since the stream only has one recorded event, and the stream positions are zero-based, the expected position of the end of the stream is 0.

event2 = NewEvent(type='OrderUpdated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
event3 = NewEvent(type='OrderDeleted', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')

commit_position2 = client.append_events(
    stream_name1, expected_position=0, events=[event2, event3]
)

Please note, whilst the append operation is atomic, so that either all or none of a given list of events will be recorded, by design it is only possible with EventStoreDB to atomically record events in one stream.

Read stream events

The method read_stream_events() can be used to read the recorded events in a stream. This method requires one argument, stream_name, which is the name of the stream to be read. By default, all recorded events in the stream are returned in the order they were recorded. An iterable object of recorded events is returned.

The example below shows how to read all the recorded events in a stream forwards from the start to the end.

events = list(client.read_stream_events(stream_name=stream_name1))

assert len(events) == 3

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 0
assert events[0].type == event1.type
assert events[0].data == event1.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 1
assert events[1].type == event2.type
assert events[1].data == event2.data

assert events[2].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[2].stream_position == 2
assert events[2].type == event3.type
assert events[2].data == event3.data

The method read_stream_events() also supports four optional arguments, position, backwards, limit, and timeout.

The argument position is an optional integer that can be used to indicate the position in the stream from which to start reading. This argument is None by default, which means the stream will be read either from the start of the stream (the default behaviour), or from the end of the stream if backwards is True. When reading a stream from a specified position in the stream, the recorded event at that position WILL be included, both when reading forwards from that position, and when reading backwards from that position.

The argument backwards is a boolean, by default False, which means the stream will be read forwards by default, so that events are returned in the order they were appended, If backwards is True, the stream will be read backwards, so that events are returned in reverse order.

The argument limit is an integer which limits the number of events that will be returned.

The argument timeout is a float which sets a deadline for the completion of the gRPC operation.

The example below shows how to read recorded events in a stream forwards from a specific stream position.

events = list(client.read_stream_events(stream_name1, position=1))

assert len(events) == 2

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 1
assert events[0].type == event2.type
assert events[0].data == event2.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 2
assert events[1].type == event3.type
assert events[1].data == event3.data

The example below shows how to read all the recorded events in a stream backwards from the end of the stream to the start of the stream.

events = list(client.read_stream_events(stream_name1, backwards=True))

assert len(events) == 3

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 2
assert events[0].type == event3.type
assert events[0].data == event3.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 1
assert events[1].type == event2.type
assert events[1].data == event2.data

The example below shows how to read a limited number (two) of the recorded events in stream forwards from the start of the stream.

events = list(client.read_stream_events(stream_name1, limit=2))

assert len(events) == 2

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 0
assert events[0].type == event1.type
assert events[0].data == event1.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 1
assert events[1].type == event2.type
assert events[1].data == event2.data

The example below shows how to read a limited number of the recorded events in a stream backwards from a given stream position.

events = list(client.read_stream_events(stream_name1, position=2, backwards=True, limit=1))

assert len(events) == 1

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 2
assert events[0].type == event3.type
assert events[0].data == event3.data

Get current stream position

The method get_stream_position() can be used to get the current stream position of the last event in the stream.

stream_position = client.get_stream_position(stream_name1)

assert stream_position == 2

The sequence of stream positions is gapless. It is also usually zero-based, so that the position of the end of the stream when one event has been appended is 0. The position is 1 after two events have been appended, 2 after three events have been appended, and so on.

The position of a stream that does not exist is reported by this method to be None.

stream_position = client.get_stream_position(stream_name='stream-unknown')

assert stream_position == None

This method takes an optional argument timeout which is a float that sets a deadline for the completion of the gRPC operation.

Read all recorded events

The method read_all_events() can be used to read all recorded events in the database in the order they were committed. An iterable object of recorded events is returned.

The example below shows how to read all events in the database in the order they were recorded.

events = list(client.read_all_events())

assert len(events) >= 3

The method read_stream_events() supports six optional arguments, position, backwards, filter_exclude, filter_include, limit, and timeout.

The argument position is an optional integer that can be used to specify the commit position from which to start reading. This argument is None by default, meaning that all the events will be read either from the start, or from the end if backwards is True (see below). Please note, if specified, the specified position must be an actually existing commit position, because any other number will (at least in EventStoreDB v21.10) result in a server error. Please also note, when reading forwards the event at the given position WILL be included. However, when reading backwards the event at the given position will NOT be included.

The argument backwards is a boolean which is by default False meaning all the events will be read forwards by default, so that events are returned in the order they were committed, If backwards is True, all the events will be read backwards, so that events are returned in reverse order.

The argument filter_exclude is a sequence of regular expressions that match the type strings of recorded events that should not be included. By default, this argument will exclude EventStoreDB "system events", which by convention all have type strings that start with the $ sign. But it can be used to also exclude snapshots, if all snapshots are recorded with the same type string. This argument is ignored if filter_include is set.

Please note, characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions will need to be escaped with double-backslash when using these characters to match strings. For example, to match EventStoreDB "system events" use use \\$.*.

The argument filter_include is a sequence of regular expressions (strings) that match the type strings of recorded events that should be included. By default, this argument is an empty tuple. If this argument is set to a non-empty sequence, the filter_include argument is ignored.

Please note, the filtering happens on the EventStoreDB server, and the limit argument is applied after filtering.

The argument limit is an integer which limits the number of events that will be returned.

The argument timeout is a float which sets a deadline for the completion of the gRPC operation.

The example below shows how to read all recorded events from a particular commit position.

events = list(client.read_all_events(position=commit_position1))

assert len(events) == 3

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 0
assert events[0].type == event1.type
assert events[0].data == event1.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 1
assert events[1].type == event2.type
assert events[1].data == event2.data

assert events[2].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[2].stream_position == 2
assert events[2].type == event3.type
assert events[2].data == event3.data

The example below shows how to read all recorded events in reverse order.

events = list(client.read_all_events(backwards=True))

assert len(events) >= 3

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 2
assert events[0].type == event3.type
assert events[0].data == event3.data

assert events[1].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[1].stream_position == 1
assert events[1].type == event2.type
assert events[1].data == event2.data

assert events[2].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[2].stream_position == 0
assert events[2].type == event1.type
assert events[2].data == event1.data

The example below shows how to read a limited number (one) of the recorded events in the database forwards from a specific commit position.

events = list(client.read_all_events(position=commit_position1, limit=1))

assert len(events) == 1

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 0
assert events[0].type == event1.type
assert events[0].data == event1.data

The example below shows how to read a limited number (one) of the recorded events in the database backwards from the end. This gives the last recorded event.

events = list(client.read_all_events(backwards=True, limit=1))

assert len(events) == 1

assert events[0].stream_name == stream_name1
assert events[0].stream_position == 2
assert events[0].type == event3.type
assert events[0].data == event3.data

Get current commit position

The method get_commit_position() can be used to get the current commit position of the database.

commit_position = client.get_commit_position()

The sequence of commit positions is not gapless. It represents the position on disk, so there are usually differences between successive commits.

This method is provided as a convenience when testing, and otherwise isn't very useful. In particular, when reading all events (see above) or subscribing to events (see below), the commit position would normally be read from the downstream database, so that you are reading from the last position that was successfully processed.

This method takes an optional argument timeout which is a float that sets a deadline for the completion of the gRPC operation.

Catch-up subscriptions

The method subscribe_all_events() can be used to create a "catch-up subscription" to EventStoreDB. The optional argument position can be used to specify a commit position from which to receive recorded events. Please note, returned events are those after the given commit position.

This method returns a subscription object, which is an iterable object, from which recorded events can be obtained by iteration.

The example below shows how to subscribe to receive all recorded events from a specific commit position. Three already-existing events are received, and then three new events are recorded, which are then received via the subscription.

# Get the commit position (usually from database of materialised views).
commit_position = client.get_commit_position()

# Append three events.
stream_name1 = str(uuid4())
event1 = NewEvent(type='OrderCreated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
event2 = NewEvent(type='OrderUpdated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
event3 = NewEvent(type='OrderDeleted', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
client.append_events(
    stream_name1, expected_position=None, events=[event1, event2, event3]
)

# Subscribe from the commit position.
subscription = client.subscribe_all_events(position=commit_position)

# Catch up by receiving the three events from the subscription.
events = []
for event in subscription:
    # Check the stream name is 'stream_name1'.
    assert event.stream_name == stream_name1
    events.append(event)
    if len(events) == 3:
        break

# Append three more events.
stream_name = str(uuid4())
event1 = NewEvent(type='OrderCreated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
event2 = NewEvent(type='OrderUpdated', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
event3 = NewEvent(type='OrderDeleted', data=b'{}', metadata=b'{}')
client.append_events(
    stream_name, expected_position=None, events=[event1, event2, event3]
)

# Receive the three new events from the same subscription.
events = []
for event in subscription:
    # Check the stream name is 'stream_name2'.
    assert event.stream_name == stream_name
    events.append(event)
    if len(events) == 3:
        break

This kind of subscription is not recorded in EventStoreDB. It is simply a streaming gRPC call which is kept open by the server, with newly recorded events sent to the client. This kind of subscription is closed as soon as the subscription object goes out of memory.

# End the subscription.
del subscription

To accomplish "exactly once" processing of the events, the commit position should be recorded atomically and uniquely along with the result of processing received events, for example in the same database as materialised views when implementing eventually-consistent CQRS, or in the same database as a downstream analytics or reporting or archiving application.

The subscription object might be used within a thread dedicated to receiving events, with recorded events put on a queue for processing in a different thread. This package doesn't provide such a thing, you need to do that yourself. Just make sure to resume after an error by reconstructing both the subscription and the queue, using your last recorded commit position to resume the subscription.

Many such subscriptions can be created, and all will receive the events they are subscribed to receive. Received events do not need to (and cannot) be acknowledged back to EventStoreDB.

This method also support three other optional arguments, filter_exclude, filter_include, and timeout.

The argument filter_exclude is a sequence of regular expressions that match the type strings of recorded events that should not be included. By default, this argument will exclude EventStoreDB "system events", which by convention all have type strings that start with the $ sign. But it can be used to also exclude snapshots. This argument is ignored if filter_include is set.

Please note, characters that have a special meaning in regular expressions will need to be escaped with double-backslash when using these characters to match strings. For example, to match EventStoreDB "system events" use use \\$.*.

The argument filter_include is a sequence of regular expressions (strings) that match the type strings of recorded events that should be included. By default, this argument is an empty tuple. If this argument is set to a non-empty sequence, the filter_include argument is ignored.

Please note, in this version of this Python client, the filtering happens within the client, rather than on the server, like when reading all events, because for some passing these filter options in the read request seems to cause an error in EventStoreDB v21.10.

The argument timeout is a float which sets a deadline for the completion of the gRPC operation. This probably isn't very useful, but is included for completeness and consistency with the other methods.

The NewEvent class

The NewEvent class can be used to define new events.

The attribute type is a unicode string, used to specify the type of the event to be recorded.

The attribute data is a byte string, used to specify the data of the event to be recorded. Please note, in this version of this Python client, writing JSON event data to EventStoreDB isn't supported, but it might be in a future version.

The attribute metadata is a byte string, used to specify metadata for the event to be recorded.

new_event = NewEvent(
    type='OrderCreated',
    data=b'{}',
    metadata=b'{}',
)

The RecordedEvent class

The RecordedEvent class is used when reading recorded events.

The attribute type is a unicode string, used to indicate the type of the event that was recorded.

The attribute data is a byte string, used to indicate the data of the event that was recorded.

The attribute metadata is a byte string, used to indicate metadata for the event that was recorded.

The attribute stream_name is a unicode string, used to indicate the type of the name of the stream in which the event was recorded.

The attribute stream_position is an integer, used to indicate the position in the stream at which the event was recorded.

The attribute commit_position is an integer, used to indicate the position in total order of all recorded events at which the event was recorded.

from esdbclient.events import RecordedEvent

new_event = RecordedEvent(
    type='OrderCreated',
    data=b'{}',
    metadata=b'{}',
    stream_name='stream1',
    stream_position=0,
    commit_position=512,
)

Stop EventStoreDB

Use Docker to stop and remove the EventStoreDB container.

$ docker stop my-eventstoredb
$ docker rm my-eventstoredb

Developers

Clone the project repository, set up a virtual environment, and install dependencies.

Use your IDE (e.g. PyCharm) to open the project repository. Create a Poetry virtual environment, and then update packages.

$ make update-packages

Alternatively, use the make install command to create a dedicated Python virtual environment for this project.

$ make install

The make install command uses the build tool Poetry to create a dedicated Python virtual environment for this project, and installs popular development dependencies such as Black, isort and pytest.

Add tests in ./tests. Add code in ./esdbclient.

Start EventStoreDB.

$ make start-eventstoredb

Run tests.

$ make test

Stop EventStoreDB.

$ make stop-eventstoredb

Check the formatting of the code.

$ make lint

Reformat the code.

$ make fmt

Add dependencies in pyproject.toml and then update installed packages.

$ make update-packages