extend-me 1.0.0

Class based extension/plugin library

This module provides mechanism of extension of your application based on ‘extension via inheritance’. Under this words I mean ability to define new extensions of application objects simply by subclassing of extensible classes of app.

For example we have app with class ‘Worker’ which we would like to make extensible (allowing third party modules to extend or change its behavior). Thinking strait, there are a lot of work to be done, to impelement mechanism of loading, registering, end enabling extension, with lot of glue code, which must define some entry points to connect extension and main app. But why not make it simpler, supposing that any subclass of ‘Worker’ will extend it? And this module provides implementation of this in two ways:

• Explicit (by using metaclass ExtensibleType directly)

  • When using this way You will heve seperatly Base class to be subclassed by extension classes and class getter which will construct class based on all defined extensions using multiple inhertance

• Implicit (by using Extensible class which use metaclass magic implicitly)

  • Extensible class takes care of all metaclass magic related to generation objects of correct class

How it Works

Metaclass (ExtensibleType) tracks all subclasses of class it is applied to, and provides method to build class based on all subclasses of base class, thus using all functionality of all subclasses. Thus generation of correct class is separate process which should be used everywhere where extensible class is requred.

To simplify this class Extensible was implemented. It has redefined method __new__ which automaticaly creates instances of correct class (class that inherited from base class and all its extensions’)

Examples

ExtensibleType

At the begining we should create a metaclass that will automaticaly gether all information about all extensions, and apply this metaclass to class we would like to enable extensions for

>>> import six  # Used for Python 2/3 compatability
>>> mc = ExtensibleType._("Object")

>>> @six.add_metaclass(mc)
... class Object(object):

Not method _ of ExtensibleType. This method is used to create metaclass for specific object. It receives one argument - string that will be used as name of class generated by this metaclass

Next we may define extension for this class. It is very simple. Just subclass previously defined class

>>> class ObjectExtension(Object):
...     cool_attribute = 1
...     def method1(self):
...         return "Test"

So… at this momet we have base class and extension. And here is that core magic occures. Metaclass that was created at the begining automaticaly collects all subclasses of base class. So it is posible now to create new class that is subclass of all subclasses of base class using multiple inheritance. And metaclass mc will do it for You

>>> cls = mc.get_class()

And now You can use cls for Your needs, instead of base class. It can do all that base class can, and all that extensions can:

>>> obj = cls()
>>> obj.method1()
'Test'
>>> obj.cool_attribute
1

Extensible

This class provides one more level of abstraction, allowing to hide all metaclass magic behide the scene. So, using it You don’t need to worry about metaclasses and class creation process. Just inherit extensions form base class, and use in Your program instances of base class. Let’s see it in example

>>> class MyCoolClass(Extensible):
...     my_attr_1 = 25
...     def my_method1(self, arg1):
...         print('Hello, %s' % arg1)

>>> class MyCoolClassExtension1(MyCoolClass):
...     def my_method1(self, arg1):
...         super(MyCoolClassExtension1, self).my_method1(arg1.upper())
...
...     def my_method2(self, arg1):
...         print("Good by, %s" % arg1)

And now using simply instances of base class You have all abilities that provided by extensions

>>> my_cool_obj = MyCoolClass()
>>> print(my_cool_obj.my_attr_1)
25
>>> my_cool_obj.my_method1('World')
Hello, WORLD
>>> my_cool_obj.my_method2('World')
Good by, World