flyvec 0.1.3

A biologically inspired method to create sparse, binary word vectors

FlyVec

Flybrain-inspired Sparse Binary Word Embeddings

Code based on the ICLR 2021 paper Can a Fruit Fly Learn Word Embeddings?. A work in progress.

Install

pip install flyvec

How to use

Basic Usage

import numpy as np
from flyvec import FlyVec

model = FlyVec.load()
embed_info = model.get_sparse_embedding("market"); embed_info

{'token': 'market',
 'id': 1180,
 'embedding': array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
        0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=int8)}

Changing the Hash Length

small_embed = model.get_sparse_embedding("market", 4); np.sum(small_embed['embedding'])

4

Handling "unknown" tokens

FlyVec uses a simple, word-based tokenizer with to isolate concepts. The provided model uses a tokenizer with about 20,000 words, all lower-cased, with special tokens for numbers (<NUM>) and unknown words (<UNK>). Unknown tokens have the token id of 0, so we can use this to filter unknown tokens.

unk_embed = model.get_sparse_embedding("DefNotAWord")
if unk_embed['id'] == 0:
    print("I AM THE UNKNOWN TOKEN DON'T USE ME FOR ANYTHING IMPORTANT")

I AM THE UNKNOWN TOKEN DON'T USE ME FOR ANYTHING IMPORTANT

Batch generating word embeddings

sentence = "Supreme Court dismissed the criminal charges."
tokens = model.tokenize(sentence)
embedding_info = [model.get_sparse_embedding(t) for t in tokens]
embeddings = np.array([e['embedding'] for e in embedding_info])
print("TOKENS: ", [e['token'] for e in embedding_info])
print("EMBEDDINGS: ", embeddings)

TOKENS:  ['supreme', 'court', 'dismissed', 'the', 'criminal', 'charges']
EMBEDDINGS:  [[0 1 0 ... 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 ... 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 ... 0 1 0]
 [0 0 0 ... 0 0 0]
 [0 0 0 ... 0 1 0]
 [0 0 0 ... 0 1 0]]

Creating dense representations

We encourage usage of the sparse word embeddings which is calculated by selecting the top H activated Kenyon Cells in our model. However, if you need a dense representation of the word embeddings, you can get the raw softmaxed activations by running:

# Generate dense word embeddings
dense_embed = model.get_dense_embedding("incredible"); 
print(f"First 10 entries of the dense embedding:\n {dense_embed['embedding'][:10]}")

First 10 entries of the dense embedding:
 [1.8123710e-05 6.1162762e-05 7.3589981e-05 3.7589352e-04 1.0641745e-04
 1.6521414e-04 3.7847902e-05 9.5790623e-05 1.2732553e-04 5.6038076e-05]

Viewing the vocabulary

The vocabulary under the hood uses the gensim Dictionary and can be accessed by either IDs (ints) or Tokens (strs)

# The tokens in the vocabulary
print(model.token_vocab[:5])

# The IDs that correspond to those tokens
print(model.vocab[:5])

# The dictionary object itself
model.dictionary;

['properties', 'a', 'among', 'and', 'any']
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Citation

If you use this in your work, please cite:

@inproceedings{
liang2021can,
title={Can a Fruit Fly Learn Word Embeddings?},
author={Yuchen Liang and Chaitanya Ryali and Benjamin Hoover and Saket Navlakha and Leopold Grinberg and Mohammed J Zaki and Dmitry Krotov},
booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations},
year={2021},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=xfmSoxdxFCG}
}