giacpy 0.6.7

A Cython frontend to the c++ library giac. (Computer Algebra System)

=============
Giacpy
=============

:Name: giacpy
:Summary: A Cython frontend to the c++ library giac. (Computer Algebra System)
:Author: Frederic Han
:Author-email: [e-mail]
:Copyright: 2012 Frederic Han
:License: GPL v2 or above
:Home-page: https://www.imj-prg.fr/~frederic.han/xcas/giacpy/



Access from python to the Computer Algebra System giac via libgiac

------------
Introduction
------------

This is an interface to be able to use from Python the Giac features.

* Giac is a general purpose Computer algebra system by Bernard Parisse released under GPLv3.

- http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/giac.html
- It is build on C and C++ libraries:
PARI, NTL (arithmetic), CoCoA (Groebner basis), GSL (numerics),
GMP (big integers), MPFR (bigfloats)
- It provides (fast) algorithms for multivariate polynomial operations (product, GCD, factorisation) and
- symbolic computations: solver, simplifications, limits/series, integration, sommation...
- Linear Algebra with numerical or symbolic coefficients.


* giacpy is an interface to this library. It is built with cython. Graphic output is obtained with qcas by Loic Lecoq: http://git.tuxfamily.org/qcas/qcas.git


-----------
Short Usage
-----------

Example::

>>> import giacpy # outputs various messages
Help file ... aide_cas not found
Added 0 synonyms
>>> giacpy.ifactor(2**128+1)
59649589127497217*5704689200685129054721
>>> from giacpy import giac
>>> x,y,z=giac('x,y,z')
>>> f=(x+y+z+1)**15+1
>>> g=(f*(f+1)).normal()
>>> print g.nops()
>>> print g.factor().nops()
>>> f.diff()

Help::

>>> help("giacpy")
>>> from giacpy import normal
>>> print(normal.__doc__) ; # to have help on some giac keyword
>>> solve.htmlhelp('fr') ; # (may be not avaible on your system) to have detailled help on some giac keyword
>>> htmlhelp() ; # to have help the global help pages.


* Graphics 2D Output: (cf. help('giacpy') for examples)
If your version of giacpy has qt support, you can send graphics to qcas with the .qcas() method. For experimental interactive geometry see: help(qcas)


-------
Install
-------

* To build the extension from sources (unix):

- You need the giac library, gmp and python headers. Ex: giac, libgmp-dev python-dev

- Then execute the command: python setup.py build_ext (or try the: make or make local)

- If you need some options see: python setup.py build_ext --help

- To install giacpy on unix (needs libgiac): python setup.py install

* For binaries of giacpy: http://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~frederic.han/xcas/giacpy/

* To run tests you can try: make test
or run: python -m doctest giacpy.pyx -v (in the directory of giapy.so if it is not installed)


-----------------------------------
Short Tutorial on the giac function
-----------------------------------

This function evaluate a python object with the giac library.

* It creates in python a Pygen element and evaluate it with giac:


>>> from giacpy import giac,pi
>>> x,y=giac('x,y');type(x)
<type 'giacpy.Pygen'>
>>> (x+2*y).cos().texpand()
cos(x)*(2*cos(y)**2-1)-sin(x)*2*cos(y)*sin(y)


Coercion, Pygen and internal giac variables:
--------------------------------------------

* The most usefull objects will be the Python object of type Pygen.

>>> from giacpy import *
>>> x,y,z=giac('x,y,z')
>>> f=sum([x[i] for i in range(5)])**15/(y+z);f.coeff(x[0],12)
(455*(x[1])**3+1365*(x[1])**2*x[2]+1365*(x[1])**2*x[3]+1365*(x[1])**2*x[4]+1365*x[1]*(x[2])**2+2730*x[1]*x[2]*x[3]+2730*x[1]*x[2]*x[4]+1365*x[1]*(x[3])**2+2730*x[1]*x[3]*x[4]+1365*x[1]*(x[4])**2+455*(x[2])**3+1365*(x[2])**2*x[3]+1365*(x[2])**2*x[4]+1365*x[2]*(x[3])**2+2730*x[2]*x[3]*x[4]+1365*x[2]*(x[4])**2+455*(x[3])**3+1365*(x[3])**2*x[4]+1365*x[3]*(x[4])**2+455*(x[4])**3)/(y+z)


* The Python object y of type Pygen is not an internal giac variable. (Most of the time you won't need to use internal giac variables).

>>> type(y);giac('y:=1');y
<type 'giacpy.Pygen'>
1
y

* There are some natural coercion to Pygen elements:

>>> pi>3.14 ; pi >3.15 ; giac(3)==3
True
False
True


Lists of Pygen and Giac lists:
------------------------------

* Here l1 is a giac list and l2 a python list of Pygen type objects.

>>> l1=giac(range(10)); l2=[1/(i**2+1) for i in l1]
>>> sum(l2)
33054527/16762850

So l1+l1 is done in giac and means a vector addition. But l2+l2 is done in Python so it is the list concatenation.

>>> l1+l1
[0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18]
>>> l2+l2
[1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, 1/17, 1/26, 1/37, 1/50, 1/65, 1/82, 1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, 1/17, 1/26, 1/37, 1/50, 1/65, 1/82]


* Here V is not a Pygen element. We need to push it to giac to use a giac method like dim, or we need to use an imported function.

>>> V=[ [x[i]**j for i in range(9)] for j in range(9)]
>>> giac(V).dim()
[9,9]
>>> det_minor(V).factor()
(x[7]-(x[8]))*(x[6]-(x[8]))*(x[6]-(x[7]))*(x[5]-(x[8]))*(x[5]-(x[7]))*(x[5]-(x[6]))*(x[4]-(x[8]))*(x[4]-(x[7]))*(x[4]-(x[6]))*(x[4]-(x[5]))*(x[3]-(x[8]))*(x[3]-(x[7]))*(x[3]-(x[6]))*(x[3]-(x[5]))*(x[3]-(x[4]))*(x[2]-(x[8]))*(x[2]-(x[7]))*(x[2]-(x[6]))*(x[2]-(x[5]))*(x[2]-(x[4]))*(x[2]-(x[3]))*(x[1]-(x[8]))*(x[1]-(x[7]))*(x[1]-(x[6]))*(x[1]-(x[5]))*(x[1]-(x[4]))*(x[1]-(x[3]))*(x[1]-(x[2]))*(x[0]-(x[8]))*(x[0]-(x[7]))*(x[0]-(x[6]))*(x[0]-(x[5]))*(x[0]-(x[4]))*(x[0]-(x[3]))*(x[0]-(x[2]))*(x[0]-(x[1]))

* Modular objects with %

>>> V=ranm(5,5) % 2;
>>> ker(V).rowdim()+V.rank()
5
>>> a=giac(7)%3;a;a%0;7%3
1 % 3
1
1

Do not confuse with the full python integers:

>>> type(7%3);type(a)
<type 'int'>
<type 'giacpy.Pygen'>

Syntaxes with reserved or unknown Python symbols:
-------------------------------------------------

* In general equations needs symbols such as = < > or that have another meaning in Python. So those objects must be quoted.

>>> from giacpy import *
>>> x=giac('x')
>>> (1+2*sin(3*x)).solve(x)
list[-pi/3/6,7*pi/18]

>>> solve('sin(3*x)>2*sin(x)',x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
RuntimeError: Unable to find numeric values solving equation. For trigonometric equations this may be solved using assumptions, e.g. assume(x>-pi && x<pi) Error: Bad Argument Value


* You can also add some hypothesis to a giac symbol:

>>> assume('x>-pi && x<pi')
x
>>> solve('sin(3*x)>2*sin(x)',x)
list[((x>((-5*pi)/6)) and (x<((-pi)/6))),((x>0) and (x<(pi/6))),((x>(5*pi/6)) and (x<pi))]

* To remove those hypothesis use the giac function: purge

>>> purge('x')
assume[[],[line[-pi,pi]],[-pi,pi]]
>>> solve('x>0')
list[x>0]


* Same problems with the ..

>>> from giacpy import *
>>> x=giac('x')
>>> f=1/(5+cos(4*x));f.int(x)
1/2/(2*sqrt(6))*(atan(2*tan(4*x/2)/sqrt(6))+pi*floor(4*x/2/pi+1/2))
>>> fMax(f,'x=-0..pi').simplify()
pi/4,3*pi/4
>>> fMax.help()
"Returns the abscissa of the maximum of the expression.
Expr,[Var]
fMax(-x^2+2*x+1,x)
fMin"
>>> sum(1/(1+x**2),'x=0..infinity').simplify()
(pi*exp(pi)**2+pi+exp(pi)**2-1)/(2*exp(pi)**2-2)





---------
Changelog
---------


* Version 0.2:
- Add a comparison function to Pygen. (with coersion)
- Add a basic definition for most giac functions.
- Add some help.

* Version 0.2.1:
- Add __neg__ and __pos__ support for Pygen. (Ex: -pi)
- Change __repr__ to hide too long outputs.
- Make ** be the default printing for powers in giac.

* Version 0.2.2:
- Change Pygen() to Pygen('NULL'). (Ex: rand())
- Add direct acces to the python double value of a Pygen: a._double
- Add conversion to giac modulars via the operator %
- Add ctrl-c support during list initialisation and iteration
- Modification of __getitem__ to allow formal variables with indexes.
- Add htmlhelp method for Pygen objects.
- Improve the giac initialisation of Python long integers. (basic Horner method instead of strings)
- Improve help(giac) and doctests
- Add support for the slice notation with giac lists

* Version 0.2.3:
- Fix Pygen() None initialisation. Add crash test and improve speed in _wrap_gen
- Add a small Makefile
- Add a GiacSettings class with some frontends to the cas settings.
- Add French keywords

* Version 0.2.4:
- Update giac 1.1 keywords.

* Version 0.3:
- Add a qt output for 2d graphics via qcas.
- Fixes for giac 1.1

* Version 0.4:
- Fixes for Python 3 compatibility
- Qt/qcas can be disabled at compilation. (cf setup.py)
- 0.4.1:
+ add some giac keywords.
+ add proba_epsilon in GiacSetting.
+ test if the html doc is present locally, otherwise open the web doc.
- 0.4.2:
+ add digits and epsilon in GiacSetting.
+ Fix for interruptions of giac operators.
+ Put all the GiacKeywords in a new class: GiacFunction to enable docstrings from giac.
- 0.4.3:
+ Update qcas to current version. (svg export added)
+ New evaluation with threads to have better interruptions.
- 0.4.4:
+ Add sqrt and complex flags in giac settings.
+ Add support for multi indexes. Ex A[1,2].

* Version 0.5:
- 0.5.0:
+ Put all the Qt/Graphics functions in an independant submodule
+ Add a save method for Pygen and a loadgiacgen function.
- 0.5.2:
+ Update keywords and clean __init__.py docstring
- 0.5.3:
+ improve setup.py for mingw built
- 0.5.4:
+ update giac.dll windows binary to giac 1.2.3-57 with subsop patch
and rowreduction-R55929 patch
+ post1: update win64 giac.dll to fix: interface with pari; matrix mul
for integers

* Version 0.6:
- 0.6.0:
+ add a __setitem__ for Pygen elements. Ex: A[1,2]=3
+ add Linear algebra tutorial in the giac docstring.
- 0.6.1:
+ update giac keywords.
- 0.6.2:
+ add _repr_html_ and _repr_latex_ for jupyter output
+ rebuild giac.dll without ntl.
- 0.6.3:
+ fix for randseed, srand
+ update keywords
+ remove qcas from tree; libqcas
- 0.6.4:
+ try to guess qt install from qmake
+ upgrade giac.dll to 1.4.9.43
+ fix keywords update
- 0.6.5:
+ Add GPL-2 in MANIFEST.in
- 0.6.6:
+ disable include_package_data in setup.py to not install *.cpp files
and remove from install directory other source files that are not needed
by python nor by cython users.
+ windows rebuilt with giac-1.4.9-45 with NTL enabled
- 0.6.7:
+ udapte keywords for giac 1.5.0
+ update windows built with giac-1.5.0-3 with NTL+glpk+nauty enabled