httpy 2.1.2

A lightweight socket-based HTTP(s) and WebSocket client.

Docs at https://httpy.readthedocs.io/

httpy

A Python lightweight socket-based library to create HTTP(s) and WebSocket connections.

Features

• Cookies support

• Caching support

• Easy debugging

• HTTP Basic and Digest authentication

• Form support

• Keep-Alive and Sessions support

• JSON support

• Sessions support

• Runs in PyPy

• Independent of http.client

• HTTP/2 Support

• Async IO support

Requirements

• Python>=3.6

Installation

Any platform

Git

1. git clone https://github.com/jenca-adam/httpy

2. cd httpy

3. python3 setup.py install

The Python version check will be performed automatically

Pip

1. python3 -m pip install httpy

Arch Linux

1. yay -S httpy

Usage

REFERENCE

HTTP

It’s easy.

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/") # Do a request
resp.content #Access content

Specifying a HTTP version

Set the http_version argument, but keep in mind the following

1. You can’t make an asynchronous request using HTTP/1.1

2. HTTP/2 requests can’t be performed over insecure (http scheme) connections.

If you don’t set it, the HTTP version will be automatically detected using ALPN <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7301>.

Valid http_version values are "1.1" and "2".

Non-blocking requests

import httpy
pending = httpy.request("https://example.com/", blocking = False)

PendingRequest.response returns the result of the response. You can check if the request is already done using PendingRequest.finished

I want cookies!

The Dir class allows you to store httpy’s data (cache and cookies) on the path of your choice. By default, the data is stored in ~/.cache/httpy. If you want to store the data without using the Dir class, use the enable_cookies or enable_cache argument of request.

import httpy
directory = httpy.Dir("your/path")
directory.request("https://example.com/") # ...

Keep-Alive requests

If you want to reuse a connection, it is highly recommended to use a Session class. It offers more control over connection closure than the standard request

import httpy
session = httpy.Session()
session.request("https://example.com/")

HTTPy sets Connection: close by default in non-Session requests. If you want to keep the connection alive outside a session, you must specify so in the headers argument.

Asynchronous requests

You can perform async requests using the async_request method.

The simplest use case:

import httpy

async def my_function():
     return await httpy.request("https://example.com/")

If you want to perform multiple requests at once on the same connection (i.e. with asyncio.gather), use the initiate_http2_connection method of Session:

import httpy
import asyncio

async def my_function():
     session = httpy.Session()
     await session.initiate_http2_connection(host="example.com")
     return await asyncio.gather(*(session.async_request("https://www.example.com/") for _ in range(69)))

Session and Dir and everything with a request() method has an async_request() equivalent.

Streams

If you want to receive the response as a stream, set the stream argument of request to True. A Stream or AsyncStream is returned. They both have the read() method. It returns the given number of bytes of the response body. If no arguments are given, the entire rest of the body is read and returned.

You can access the current stream state using stream.state. It contains some useful information about the stream. Status and headers are also available directly (stream.status, stream.headers).

Stream state

Attributes: * bytes_read * body * connection * finished

Warning

The stream.state.bytes_read attribute represents the amount of bytes received from the server and is not representative of the actual number of bytes read from the stream. For this use stream.bytes_read instead. The same applies for stream.state.body

import httpy
stream = httpy.request("https://example.com/big-file", stream=True)
stream.read(1) # read 1 byte
stream.read(6) # read 6 bytes
stream.bytes_read # 7
stream.read()  # read the rest
stream.state.finished #True

Response class attributes

The Response class returned by request() has some useful attributes:

Response.content

The response content as bytes. Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://www.google.com/")
print(resp.content)
#b'!<doctype html>\n<html>...

Response.status

The response status as a Status object. Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://www.example.com/this_url_doesnt_exist")
print(resp.status)
# 404
print(resp.status.reason)
# NOT FOUND
print(resp.status.description)
# indicates that the origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.
print(resp.status>400)
# True

Status subclasses int.

Response.history

All the redirects on the way to this response as list.

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://httpbin.org/redirect/1")
print(resp.history)
# [<Response GET [302 Found] (https://httpbin.org/redirect/1/)>, <Response GET [200 OK] (https://httpbin.org/get/)>]

Response.history is ordered from oldest to newest

Response.fromcache

Indicates whether the response was loaded from cache (bool).

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.fromcache)
# False
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.fromcache)
# True

Response.request

Some of the attributes of the request that produced this response, as a Request object.

Request’s attributes

• Request.url - the URL requested (str)

• Request.headers - the requests’ headers (Headers)

• Request.socket - the underlying connection (either socket.socket or httpy.http2.connection.HTTP2Connection)

• Request.cache - the same as Response.fromcache (bool)

• Request.http_version - the HTTP version used (str)

• Request.method - the HTTP method used (str)

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.request.url)
# https://example.com/
print(resp.request.headers)
# {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, identity', 'Host': 'example.com', 'User-Agent': 'httpy/2.0.0', 'Connection': 'close', 'Accept': '*/*'}
print(resp.request.method)
# GET

Response.original_content

Raw content received from the server, not decoded with Content-Encoding (bytes).

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.original_content)
# b'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\xc2 ...

Response.time_elapsed

Time the request took, in seconds. Only the loading time of this particular request, doesn’t account for redirects. (float).

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.time_elapsed)
# 0.2497

Response.speed

The download speed for the response, in bytes per second. (float). Might be different for HTTP/2 request. Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.speed)
# 2594.79

Response.content_type

The response’s Content-Type header contents, with the charset information stripped. If the headers lack Content-Type, it’s text/html by default.

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.content_type)
# text/html

Response.charset (property)

Gets the charset of the response (str or None):

1. If a charset was specified in the response headers, return it

2. If a charset was not specified, but chardet is available, try to detect the charset (Note that this still returns None if chardet fails)

3. If a charset was not specified, and chardet is not available, return None

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.charset)
# UTF-8

Response.string (property)

Response.content, decoded using Response.charset (str)

Warning

Do not try to access Response.string, if Response.charset is None, unless you are absolutely sure the response data is decodable by the default locale encoding.

For ASCII responses this is probably harmless, but you have been warned!

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/")
print(resp.string)
#<!doctype html>
...

Response.json (property)

If Response.content_type is application/json, try to parse Response.string using JSON. Throw an error otherwise.

Warning

The same as above applies.

Example:

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://httpbin.org/get")
print(resp.json["url"])
# https://httpbin.org/get

Response.method

The same as Response.request.method

WebSockets

Easy again…

>>> import httpy
>>> sock = httpy.WebSocket("wss://echo.websocket.events/")# create a websocket client(echo server example)
>>> sock.send("Hello, world!💥")# you can send also bytes
>>> sock.recv()
"Hello, world!💥"

Examples

POST method

Simple Form

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/", method="POST", body = {"foo":"bar"})
# ...

Sending files

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/", method = "POST", body = { "foo" : "bar", "file" : httpy.File.open( "example.txt" ) })
# ...

Sending binary data

import httpy
resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/", method = "POST", body= b" Hello, World ! ")
# ...

Sending plain text

resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/", method = "POST", body = "I support Ünicode !")
# ...

Sending JSON

resp = httpy.request("https://example.com/", method = "POST", body = "{\"foo\" : \"bar\" }", content_type = "application/json")
# ...

Debugging

Just set debug to True :

>>> import httpy
>>> httpy.request("https://example.com/",debug=True)
[INFO][request](1266): request() called.
[INFO][_raw_request](1112): _raw_request() called.
[INFO][_raw_request](1113): Accessing cache.
[INFO][_raw_request](1120): No data in cache.
[INFO][_raw_request](1151): Establishing connection
[INFO]Connection[__init__](778): Created new Connection upon <socket.socket fd=3, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=6, laddr=('192.168.100.88', 58998), raddr=('93.184.216.34', 443)>

send:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, identity
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: httpy/1.1.0
Connection: keep-alive

response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Content-Encoding: gzip
Age: 438765
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 12:59:07 GMT
Etag: "3147526947+gzip"
Expires: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 12:59:07 GMT
Last-Modified: Thu, 17 Oct 2019 07:18:26 GMT
Server: ECS (dcb/7F37)
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Cache: HIT
Content-Length: 648
<Response [200 OK] (https://www.example.com/)>