ididi 0.2.4

A dependency injection library for Python, Optimized for serverless applications

ididi

Introduction

Ididi is a pythonic dependency injection lib, with ergonomic apis, without boilplate code, works out of the box.

It allows you to define dependencies in a declarative way without any boilerplate code.

Source Code

Github-ididi

Install

pip install ididi

To view viusal dependency graph, install graphviz

pip install ididi[graphviz]

Usage

Decorate your top level dependencies and leave the rest to ididi

import ididi

class Config:
    def __init__(self, env: str = "prod"):
        self.env = env

class Database:
    def __init__(self, config: Config):
        self.config = config

class UserRepository:
    def __init__(self, db: Database):
        self.db = db

class UserService:
    def __init__(self, repo: UserRepository):
        self.repo = repo

assert isinstance(ididi.solve(UserService), UserService)

Automatic dependencies injection

from ididi import entry

class EmailService: ...


class EventStore: ...

@entry
def main(email: EmailService, es: EventStore) -> str:
    assert isinstance(email, EmailService)
    assert isinstance(es, EventStore)
    assert email.user.auth.db.config.env == es.db.config.env
    return "ok"

assert main() == "ok"

Usage with FastAPI

from fastapi import FastAPI
from ididi import DependencyGraph

app = FastAPI()
dg = DependencyGraph()

class AuthService: ...

@dg.node
def auth_service_factory() -> AuthService:
    return AuthService()

Service = ty.Annotated[AuthService, Depends(dg.factory(auth_service_factory))]

@app.get("/")
def get_service(service: Service):
    return service

Visualize the dependency graph(beta)

from ididi import DependencyGraph, Visualizer
dg = DependencyGraph()
vs = Visualizer(dg)

class ConfigService:
    def __init__(self, env: str = "test"):
        self.env = env


class DatabaseService:
    def __init__(self, config: ConfigService):
        self.config = config


class CacheService:
    def __init__(self, config: ConfigService):
        self.config = config


class BaseService:
    def __init__(self, db: DatabaseService):
        self.db = db


class AuthService(BaseService):
    def __init__(self, db: DatabaseService, cache: CacheService):
        super().__init__(db)
        self.cache = cache


class UserService:
    def __init__(self, auth: AuthService, db: DatabaseService):
        self.auth = auth
        self.db = db


class NotificationService:
    def __init__(self, config: ConfigService):
        self.config = config


class EmailService:
    def __init__(self, notification: NotificationService, user: UserService):
        self.notification = notification
        self.user = user

dg.static_resolve(EmailService)
vs.view # use vs.view in jupyter notebook, or use vs.save(path, format) otherwise

Lazy Dependency(Beta)

when a node is defined as 'lazy', each of its dependency will be delayed to be resolved as much as possible.

Note that 'lazy' is transitive, if ServiceA is lazy, and ServiceA depends on ServiceB, then ServiceB is also lazy.

class UserRepo:
    def __init__(self, db: Database):
        self._db = db

    def test(self):
        return "test"

@dg.node(lazy=True)
class ServiceA:
    def __init__(self, user_repo: UserRepo, session_repo: SessionRepo):
        self._user_repo = user_repo
        self._session_repo = session_repo

        assert isinstance(self._user_repo, LazyDependent)
        assert isinstance(self._session_repo, LazyDependent)

    @property
    def user_repo(self) -> UserRepo:
        return self._user_repo

    @property
    def session_repo(self) -> SessionRepo:
        return self._session_repo

assert isinstance(instance.user_repo, LazyDependent)
assert isinstance(instance.session_repo, LazyDependent)

assert instance.user_repo.test() == "test" # user_repo would be resolved when user_repo.test is accessed.

Runtime override

dg = DependencyGraph()

class Inner:
    def __init__(self, value: str = "inner"):
        self.value = value

@dg.node
class Outer:
    def __init__(self, inner: Inner):
        self.inner = inner

# Override nested dependency
instance = dg.resolve(Outer, inner=Inner(value="overridden"))
assert instance.inner.value == "overridden"

Advanced Usage

ABC

Register ABC implementation with dg.node

you should use dg.node to let ididi know about the implementations of the ABC. you are going to resolve.

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Repository(ABC):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def save(self) -> None:
        """Save the repository data."""
        pass

@dag.node
class Repo1(Repository):
    def save(self) -> None:
        pass

@dag.node
class Repo2(Repository):
    def save(self) -> None:
        pass

dag.resolve(Repository)

You might also use __init_subclass__ hook to automatically register implementations.

Multiple Implementations of ABC

ididi will use the last implementation registered to resolve the ABC, you can use a factory to override this behavior.

class Repository(ABC):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def save(self) -> None:
        """Save the repository data."""
        pass

@dag.node
class Repo1(Repository):
    def save(self) -> None:
        pass

@dag.node
class Repo2(Repository):
    def save(self) -> None:
        pass

@dag.node
def repo_factory() -> Repository:
    return Repo1()

assert Repository in dag.nodes

repo = dag.resolve(Repository)
assert isinstance(repo, Repo1)

Resolve Rules

• If a node has a factory, it will be used to create the instance.
• Otherwise, the node will be created using the __init__ method.
  • Parent's __init__ will be called if no __init__ is defined in the node.
• bulitin types are not resolvable by nature, it requires default value to be provided.
• runtime override with dg.resolve