into-dbus-python 0.2

transforms values into properly wrapped dbus-python objects

Facilities for converting an object that inhabits core Python types, e.g., lists, ints, dicts, to an object that inhabits dbus-python types, e.g., dbus.Array, dbus.UInt32, dbus.Dictionary based on a specified dbus signature.

Motivation

The dbus-python library is a library of python bindings for libdbus. It does not provide facilities to ensure that the types of the values that client code places on the D-Bus conform to the required signature. The client code may either be a D-Bus service, so that the values that it places on the D-Bus should conform to the signature that it specifies, or a client of the service, which must conform to the specifications of the service.

This library provides facilities to ensure that values placed on the D-Bus conform to a given signature, by wrapping the values in the appropriate constructors for this signature. It generates correct functions for any valid signature.

Usage and Implementation Hints

Usage of the library is fairly straightforward:

>>> from into_dbus_python import ToDbusXformer
>>> xformer = ToDbusXformer()
>>> funcs = xformer.PARSER.parseString("adq")
>>> len(funcs)
2

Note that the length of the list of functions is the same as the number of complete types in the signature. Each element in the list of functions is a tuple.

>>> funcs[0]
(<function ToDbusXformer._handleArray.<locals>.the_func at 0x7f4542f2d730>, 'ad')

The first element is the function itself, the second is a string which matches the complete type signature for which this function yields values of the correct type. Applying this function yields the actual value

>>> funcs[0][0]([2.3, 37.5])
(dbus.Array([dbus.Double(2.3), dbus.Double(37.5)], signature=dbus.Signature('d')), 0)

In this example, the signature was “ad” so the resulting value is a dbus.Array of dbus.Double objects. The signature parameter has the appropriate value; it is just ‘d’, the symbol for the type of the elements in the array, double. Note that the function also yields a tuple, the converted value and an int, which represents the variant level. Since there was no “v” in the signature, the variant level is 0.

Conveniences

The parser itself returns a list of tuples, of which generally only the first element in the tuple is of interest to the client. The second element, the string matched, is a necessary result for the recursive implementation, but is not generally useful to the client. The resulting functions each return a tuple of the transformed value and the variant level, generally only the transformed value is of interest to the client.

For this reason, the library provides a convenience function, xformer(), which takes a signature and returns a function, which takes a list of objects and returns the list, transformed to appropriate dbus types. It can be used in the following way:

>>> from into_dbus_python import xformer
>>> func = xformer("adq")
>>> func([[2.3, 34.0], 3])
[dbus.Array([dbus.Double(2.3), dbus.Double(34.0)], signature=dbus.Signature('d')), dbus.UInt16(3)]

Note that the function must take a list of values, one for each complete type in the signature. Here, there are two complete types “ad”, and “q”, and there are two resulting values.

If the signature contains a “v”, for a variant type, the value must be a pair of a signature and a value that inhabits that type. For example,

>>> func = xformer("v")
>>> func([("aq", [0, 1])])
[dbus.Array([dbus.UInt16(0), dbus.UInt16(1)], signature=dbus.Signature('q'), variant_level=1)]

Note that the variant level of the constructed Array object is 1. A non-zero variant level in the dbus object indicates that the object is a variant. In this example the variant level is just 1. Further nesting of variants is permitted, the variant level increases by one with each level.

>>> func([("av", [("q", 0)])])
[dbus.Array([dbus.UInt16(0, variant_level=1)], signature=dbus.Signature('v'), variant_level=2)]

Here the variant level of the variant element in the array, 0, is 1, but the variant level of the whole array is 2, since the array inhabits a variant type and contains a variant element.

Restrictions on Core Types

The generated functions place as few restrictions as possible on the types of the values to be transformed. Generally speaking, a tuple is as good as a list, since both are iterable.

>>> func = xformer("adq")
>>> func([(2.3, 34.0), 3])
[dbus.Array([dbus.Double(2.3), dbus.Double(34.0)], signature=dbus.Signature('d')), dbus.UInt16(3)]

However, the inhabitant of a dbus.Dictionary type must be an object with an items() method which yields pairs of keys and values, e.g., a dict.

Technical Remarks

This package extends the parser for dbus signatures implemented in the dbus-signature-pyparsing package (https://github.com/stratis-storage/dbus-signature-pyparsing) by adding actions to the individual parsers using the setParseAction() method.

The package has undergone significant testing using the Hypothesis testing library (http://hypothesis.works/) and the external Hypothesis strategy implemented in the hs-dbus-signature package (https://github.com/stratis-storage/hs-dbus-signature).