log2d 0.0.12

Simple, sane, and sensible logging

INTRODUCTION

log2d is a simple but powerful wrapper around Python's logging module in the standard library and can be installed via PIP in the normal way:

python -m pip install log2d --upgrade

It aims to provide the best parts of logging (like automatic, rotating backup files) to users who don't want or need to learn every nuance of the module itself and perhaps simply want to wean themselves off print() statements and organise their output in a better "2 Dimensional" way (hence the name - log2d).

If you've dipped into the standard logging documentation you'd be forgiven for thinking you can only log output according to the prescribed log levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, or CRITICAL. Such an approach is linear or "1 Dimensional" since it's based solely on the importance of a message.

A very common use case however is the need to capture different types of message. Hence TWO dimensions - imagine a graph with "Type" on one axis and "Importance" on the other... Each log message is given a destination on the graph based on these two values.

In web-scraping apps for example, it's useful to collect the HTTP requests which succeeded or failed or needed a few retries, quite apart from any general Exceptions arising from your actual code. You might also want a nice (separate) log of overall progress and timings i.e. how long particular scrapers take to complete.

log2d makes it simple to create, customise, and use a new logger for each of these types of output, for example sending progress messages just to the console, and creating separate .log files for successes, failures, retries, exceptions, and timings.

It does so in a concise, readable, and (dare I claim?) "Pythonic" way, that doesn't require mastery of the logging module itself. It allows you to create a sophisticated logger with powerful default features enabled in just one line of code, then send output to that logger whenever and from wherever you like - also in just one line.

SETUP

Simply import the Log class into your Python script:

from log2d import Log

BASIC USE

Create a named logger that only outputs to the console ("stdout") using default message formatting and date format:

Log("main")
Log.main.warning("Danger, Will Robinson!")

Output:
main|WARNING|2022-09-25 12:38:07|Danger, Will Robinson!

In place of .warning you can use any of the standard log levels, either upper or lower case: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL

Set a minimum level of message to capture (in plain English rather than using numeric values):

Log("my_title", level="WARNING")

Create your own shortcut to log a message at the default level:

For simple scripts with no or few imports you might like to create your own shortcut functions like this:

log_failure = Log("failures")
log_failure("Insert your failure message here")

Output:
failures|DEBUG  |2022-09-25 12:37:33|Insert your failure message here

Normal considerations regarding namespaces apply however, and for longer/more complex scripts it might be wiser to stick with the explicit naming convention Log.logger_name().

You could use this shortcut feature to overwrite the print functions in existing code, and convert every old print() line into a logging command. _print = print; print = Log("print")

The default log level used by log2d is actually DEBUG, whereas the logging default is WARNING. This change is intended to make things safer and more predictable for new users who might otherwise be sending DEBUG and INFO level messages and wondering why they're not being logged.

Create a logger that just outputs to a file:

log_success = Log("success", to_file=True, to_stdout=False)
log_success("log2d for the win!")
Log.success.critical("Alert! Alert!")

(Creates and updates ./success.log)

Specify a folder/directory for a specific logger:

Log("my_title", path="./output")

NB to_file is automatically set to True if a path is supplied.

The default path is the current working directory "" or "."

If a non-existent folder/directory is specified, FileNotFoundError will be raised.

ABOUT LOGGER NAMES

1. You can create a logger name with spaces and other characters rather than underscores, but you wouldn't then be able to use Python's nice .attribute notation. If your log name was "my main log" you'd need to use getattr(Log, "my main log").warning("...") instead, which is a bit messy. Best to just use underscores if you can.

2. Just as in the standard logging module, the name "root" is reserved for a special type of logger which actually inherits from other loggers. This can be very helpful if you want a single "master" logger that records absolutely everything, but also a bit annoying if you weren't aware of it and have already explicitly disabled output at a particular level, only to see it appear in your "root" logger. Here's a quick example to demonstrate how this works:

Log("main")
Log.main.info("This is the MAIN logger")

Output:
main|INFO   |2022-10-08T23:47:08+0100|This is the MAIN logger

Log("root", fmt=Log.presets['timestamp_only'])
Log.root.info("This message is for ROOT only")

Output:
2022-10-08T23:52:09+0100|This message is for ROOT only

Log.main.info("This message will be echoed by BOTH loggers")

Output:
main|INFO   |2022-10-08T23:49:23+0100|This message will be echoed by BOTH loggers
2022-10-08T23:49:23+0100|This message will be echoed by BOTH loggers

If you don't want to use this 'inheritance' feature, just avoid using the name "root" for any of your log2d loggers.

(See also USING LOGGING AND LOG2D AT THE SAME TIME below)

OTHER KEYWORD OPTIONS AND UTILITY METHODS

Create a new log file for each session and automatically create 10 rotating backups:

results = Log("session_results", to_file=True, mode="a", backup_count=10)

The current log file will always be session_results.log but for subsequent sessions this will be copied to session_results.log.1 then session_results.log.2 etc until the backup count is reached, then start again on a rotating basis.

If backup_count is not specified, the default number of backups is 5.

Preview a particular message format and/or date format - either one of the supplied presets, or one of your own design:

Log.preview(fmt=Log.presets["timestamp_only"], datefmt=Log.date_formats["time"])

Output:
13:10:06|This is a preview log entry.

Log.preview(datefmt="%m-%d::%H:%M")

Output:
temp_preview|09-25::15:36|This is a preview log entry.

Preview all combinations of message/date presets:

Log.preview_all()

Create a logger using a preset message/date format or one of your own design:

Log("my_title", fmt=Log.presets["func_file_name"], datefmt=Log.date_formats["date_and_time"])

Add a new date format or message format preset at the class level, such that future instances can use them:

Log.date_formats["my_date_format"] = "%m-%d %H:%M"
Log.presets["my_message_format"] = "%(asctime)s (%(name)s): %(message)s"

For more information on composing your own formats see:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#formatter-objects

https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logging.LogRecord

Create multiple logs with same/similar settings

As shown above, values for level, fmt, datefmt, to_file, to_stdout, path, mode, and backup_count can be set for a specific logger by supplying them as keyword arguments on initialisation.

Where no argument is supplied for a new logger, the class level defaults will be used. Default attributes can also be set at a class level so that all subsequent loggers have the same or similar settings:

from log2d import Log

ROOT_DIR = "./my_app_path"

Log.path = f"{ROOT_DIR}/logs/"
Log.fmt = Log.presets["name_and_time"]
Log.datefmt = Log.date_formats["time"]
Log.to_file = True
Log.to_stdout = False
Log.mode = "w"
Log.backup_count = 10

Log("progress", to_stdout=True)
Log("selenium")
Log("http")
Log("timings")
Log("retries")
Log("errors")

Access a list of all Log instances:

Log.index

Create one separate log for every instance of a Class

For output like this:

Instance 1|2022-10-16T08:50:29+0100|method_1 did something!
Instance 2|2022-10-16T08:29:05+0100|method_1 did something!
Instance 1|2022-10-16T08:53:17+0100|This message was logged directly
Instance 2|2022-10-16T08:54:06+0100|Likewise, but different instance

Follow this recipe:

from log2d import Log

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, name):
        params = {"fmt": Log.presets["name_and_time"]}
        self.log = Log.index.get(name) or Log(name, **params)

    def method_1(self):
        # Do something
        self.log("method_1 did something!")

x = MyClass("Instance 1")
x.method_1()
y = MyClass("Instance 2")
y.method_1()
x.log("This message was logged directly")
y.log("Likewise, but different instance")

Create a single shared log for all instances of a Class

For output like this:

MyClass|2022-10-16T08:43:31+0100|method_1 of Instance X did something!
MyClass|2022-10-16T08:43:45+0100|method_1 of Instance Y did something!
MyClass|2022-10-16T08:57:52+0100|This message was logged by Instance X
MyClass|2022-10-16T08:58:18+0100|And this one by Instance Y

Follow this recipe:

from log2d import Log

class MyAbstractClass:
    def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
        params = {"fmt": Log.presets["name_and_time"]}
        self.log = Log.index.get(name) or Log(name, **params)

class MyClass(MyAbstractClass):
    def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(self.__class__.__name__, *args, **kwargs)
        self.name = name

    def method_1(self):
        # Do something
        self.log(f"method_1 of {self.name} did something!")

x = MyClass("Instance X")
x.method_1()
y = MyClass("Instance Y")
y.method_1()
x.log(f"This message was logged by {x.name}")
y.log(f"And this one by {y.name}")

USING LOGGING AND LOG2D AT THE SAME TIME

You may find yourself using code that already has logging enabled. This won't interfere with any loggers you subsequently create with log2d but you might find that some log2d messages are repeated (inhrerited) by the RootLogger logging.Logger.root, for example echoing WARNING level messages to stdout even though you've explicitly disabled this in your log2d logger.

In case you were wondering, a log2d logger called "root" will inherit from other log2d loggers in a similar way to RootLogger but it is not the same entity as logging.Logger.root created by downstream code you've imported from. Both can exist at the same time and be configured to behave differently.

So... if you're able to amend the original code where logging is enabled, the best way to ensure consistent behaviour is to replace logging with log2d entirely:

• Replace import logging with from log2d import Log
• Create a new "root" logger with log2d and specify how you want it to work in the normal way e.g. Log("root", level="INFO")
• Replace logger.info(), logger.warning() etc with Log.root.info(), Log.root.warning() etc.

Another option is to disable the RootLogger using the log2d convenience function:

Log.disable_rootlogger()

This is a bit of a blunt instrument and basically finds all the Handlers used by RootLogger (logging.Logger.root.handlers) and runs the .removeHandler() method on them.

If neither of these approaches give you what you need, you can dive a bit deeper into the Log.get_handlers method of log2d or the standard logging documentation to learn how to modify the behaviour of a particular Handler. Of course that goes against the very reason for log2d's existence - to offer simple, sane, and sensible logging without the pain of having to learn its innner workings. So if you've reached this point and need more control or sophistication with your logging, then log2d has probably served it's purpose and you're ready to move onwards and upwards!

FEEDBACK AND CONTRIBUTING

I'd be delighted to hear any suggestions, bug reports, or comments in the form of a Github ISSUE, and if you've found log2d useful or merely interesting please do click the "Star" button. It really raises my spirits to see that kind of feedback.

If you're in paid employment and log2d has saved you even 30 minutes' effort, please consider how much this gift equates to based on your daily/hourly rate, and whether it might feel good to spend a minute of your own time leaving a nice comment on BuyMeaCoffee.com? Thank you.