mo-kwargs 7.515.24030

Object destructuring of function parameters for Python!

More KWARGS!

Object destructuring of function parameters for Python!

Motivation

Javascript has object destructuring, and it can be used for function parameters. This has a couple of benefts over Python's keyword arguments:

• Extra caller parameters are ignored (eg f({a, b, c}))
• Duplicate parameters are handled elegantly (eg f({a, a}))

The mo-kwargs library provides this functionality with the @override decorator, with additional benefits:

• required parameters throw an error if missing, just like regular Python
• all parameters, even ones not in the argument list, are passed in the optional kwargs parameter

The @override decorator adds a kwargs argument which can be passed a dict of call parameters; but unlike **kwargs, it will not raise duplicate key exceptions.

Provide default values

We decorate the login() function with @override. username is a required parameter, and password will default to None.

    @override
    def login(username, password=None):
        pass

Define some dicts for use with our kwargs parameter:

    creds = {"userame": "ekyle", "password": "password123"}
    alt_creds = {"username": "klahnakoski"}

The simplest case is when we use kwargs with no overrides

    login(kwargs=creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(**creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(username="ekyle", password="password123")

You may override any property in kwargs: In this case it is password

    login(password="123", kwargs=creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(username="ekyle", password="123")

There is no problem with overriding everything in kwargs:

    login(username="klahnakoski", password="asd213", kwargs=creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(username="klahnakoski", password="asd213")

You may continue to use **kwargs; which provides a way to overlay one parameter template (creds) with another (alt_creds)

    login(kwargs=creds, **alt_creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(username="klahnakoski", password="password123")

Handle too many parameters

Sometimes your method parameters come from a configuration file, or some other outside source which is outside your control. There may be more parameters than your method is willing to accept.

    creds = {"username": "ekyle", "password": "password123", "port":9000}
    def login(username, password=None):
         print(kwargs.get("port"))

Without mo-kwargs, passing the creds dictionary directly to login() would raise a key error

    >>> login(**creds)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: login() got an unexpected keyword argument 'port'

The traditional solution is to pass the parameters explicitly:

    login(username=creds.username, password=creds.password)

but that can get get tedious when done often, or the parameter list get long. mo-kwargs allows you to pass the whole dictionary to the kwargs parameter; only the parameters used by the method are used:

    @override
    def login(username, password=None):
        pass
     
    login(kwargs=creds)
    # SAME AS
    login(username=creds.username, password=creds.password)

Package all parameters

Your method can accept kwargs as a parameter. If it does, ensure it defaults to None so that it's not required.

    @override
    def login(username, password=None, kwargs=None):
        print(kwargs.get("username"))
        print(kwargs.get("port"))

kwargs will always be a dict, possibly empty, with the full set of parameters. This is different from using **kwargs which contains only the remainder of the keyword parameters.

    >>> creds = {"username": "ekyle", "password": "password123", "port":9000}
    >>> login(**creds)
    ekyle
    9000