mythril 0.2.10

A reversing and bug hunting framework for the Ethereum blockchain

Mythril
=======

Mythril is a reverse engineering and bug hunting framework for the Ethereum blockchain.

Installation and setup
----------------------

Install from Pypi:

.. code:: bash

$ pip install mythril

Or, clone the GitHub repo to install the newest master branch:

.. code:: bash

$ git clone https://github.com/b-mueller/mythril/
$ cd mythril
$ python setup.py install

You also need a `go-ethereum <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum>`__ node that is synced with
the network (not that Mythril uses non-standard RPC APIs offered by go-ethereum, so other clients
likely won't work). Start the node as follows:

.. code:: bash

$ geth --rpc --rpcapi eth,admin,debug --syncmode fast

Database initialization
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mythril builds its own contract database using RPC sync. Unfortunately, this process is slow -
however, you don't need to sync the whole blockchain right away. If you abort the syncing process
with ``ctrl+c``, it will auto-resume the next time you run the ``--init-db`` command.

.. code:: bash

$ myth --init-db
Starting synchronization from latest block: 4323706
Processing block 4323000, 3 individual contracts in database
(...)

The default behavior is to only sync contracts with a non-zero balance. You can disable this
behavior with the ``--sync-all`` flag, but note that this will result in a very large
(multi-gigabyte) database.

Command line usage
------------------

The ``mythril`` command line tool allows you to easily access most of Mythril's functionality.

Searching the database
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The search feature allows you to find contract instances that contain specific function calls and
opcode sequences. It supports simple boolean expressions, such as:

.. code:: bash

$ myth --search "func#changeMultisig(address)#"
$ myth --search "code#PUSH1 0x50,POP#"
$ myth --search "func#changeMultisig(address)# and code#PUSH1 0x50#"

Disassembler
~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can also disassemble and trace code using the ``-d`` and ``-t`` flags, respectively. When
tracing, the code is run in the PyEthereum virtual machine with the (optional) input data passed via
the ``--data`` flag.

::

$ myth -d -a "0x3665f2bf19ee5e207645f3e635bf0f4961d661c0"
PUSH1 0x60
PUSH1 0x40
(...)
$ mythril -t -a "0x3665f2bf19ee5e207645f3e635bf0f4961d661c0"
vm storage={'storage': {}, 'nonce': '0', 'balance': '0', 'code': '0x'} gas=b'21000' stack=[] address=b'6eò¿î^ vEóæ5¿IaÖaÀ' depth=0 steps=0 inst=96 pushvalue=96 pc=b'0' op=PUSH1
vm op=PUSH1 gas=b'20997' stack=[b'96'] depth=0 steps=1 inst=96 pushvalue=64 pc=b'2'
vm op=MSTORE gas=b'20994' stack=[b'96', b'64'] depth=0 steps=2 inst=82 pc=b'4'

Do note however that the disassembly / debugging functionality is still quite bare-bones. For manual
analysis & debugging I recommend using `remix <https://remix.ethereum.org/>`__ and
`etherscan <https://etherscan.io>`__.

Finding cross-references
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

It is often useful to know what other addresses are referenced by a particular contract. Let's say
you are looking for conditions similar to the `Parity Multisig Wallet
Bug <http://hackingdistributed.com/2017/07/22/deep-dive-parity-bug/>`__. First, you want to find a
list of contracts that use the ``DELEGATECALL`` opcode:

::

$ mythril --search "code#DELEGATECALL#"
Matched contract with code hash 05e8f07600bd384d82a71aaccaf4b3d3
Address: 0x432f96e95d249351391583cef9cbda38f26238c8, balance: 1000000000000000
Matched contract with code hash 07459966443977122e639cbf7804c446
Address: 0x76799f77587738bfeef09452df215b63d2cfb08a, balance: 1000000000000000
Address: 0x3582d2a3b67d63ed10f1ecaef0dca71b9283b543, balance: 92000000000000000000
Address: 0x4b9bc00c35f7cee95c65c3c9836040c37dec9772, balance: 89000000000000000000
Address: 0x156d5687a201affb3f1e632dcfb9fde4b0128211, balance: 29500000000000000000
(...)

You can then use the ``--xrefs`` flag to find other contracts referenced by each of those contracts:

::

$ myth --xrefs 07459966443977122e639cbf7804c446
5b9e8728e316bbeb692d22daaab74f6cbf2c4691

Then, head to Etherscan to check out the source code, or use the tracer to dynamically test for
issues.

Custom scripts
--------------

By combining Mythril and `PyEthereum <https://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum>`__ modules you can
perform more complex static/dynamic analysis tasks.

-- TODO: Add example(s) --

Issues
------

The RPC database sync is not a very good solution. I explored some other options, including:

- Using PyEthereum: I encountered issues syncing PyEthereum with Homestead. Also, PyEthApp only
supports Python 2.7, which causes issues with other important packages.
- Accessing the Go-Ethereum LevelDB: This would be a great option. However, PyEthereum database
code seems unable to deal with Go-Ethereum's LevelDB. It would take quite a bit of effort to
figure this out.
- IPC might allow for faster sync then RPC - haven't tried it yet.

I'm writing this in my spare time, so contributors would be highly welcome!

Credit
------

JSON RPC library is adapted from `ethjsonrpc <https://github.com/ConsenSys/ethjsonrpc>`__ (it
doesn't seem to be maintained anymore, and I needed to make some changes to it).

Act responsibly!
---------------

The purpose of project is to aid discovery of vulnerable smart contracts on the Ethereum mainnet and
support research for novel security flaws. If you do find an exploitable issue or vulnerable
contract instances, please `do the right
thing <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsible_disclosure>`__. Also, note that vulnerability
branding ("etherbleed", "chainshock",...) is highly discouraged as it will annoy the author and
others in the security community.