netgraph 4.11.1

Python drawing utilities for publication quality plots of networks.

netgraph

Netgraph is a python library for creating publication quality plots of networks. Netgraph is compatible with a variety of network data formats, including networkx and igraph Graph objects.

Installation

Install the current release of netgraph with:

pip install netgraph

Documentation

The documentation of the full API, as well as numerous code examples can be found on ReadTheDocs.

Quickstart

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from netgraph import Graph, InteractiveGraph, EditableGraph

# Several graph formats are supported:

# 1) edge lists
graph_data = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]

# 2) edge list with weights
graph_data = [(0, 1, 0.2), (1, 2, -0.4), (2, 0, 0.7)]

# 3) full rank matrices
import numpy
graph_data = np.random.rand(10, 10)

# 4) networkx Graph and DiGraph objects (MultiGraph objects are not supported, yet)
import networkx
graph_data = networkx.karate_club_graph()

# 5) igraph.Graph objects
import igraph
graph_data = igraph.Graph.Famous('Zachary')

# 6) graph_tool.Graph objects
import graph_tool.collection
graph_data = graph_tool.collection.data["karate"]

# Create a non-interactive plot:
Graph(graph_data)
plt.show()

# Create an interactive plot, in which the nodes can be re-positioned with the mouse.
# NOTE: you must retain a reference to the plot instance!
# Otherwise, the plot instance will be garbage collected after the initial draw
# and you won't be able to move the plot elements around.
# For related reasons, if you are using PyCharm, you have to execute the code in
# a console (Alt+Shift+E).
plot_instance = InteractiveGraph(graph_data)
plt.show()

# Create an editable plot, which is an interactive plot with the additions
# that nodes and edges can be inserted or deleted, and labels and annotations
# can be created, edited, or deleted as well.
plot_instance = EditableGraph(graph_data)
plt.show()

# read the documentation for a full list of available arguments
help(Graph)
help(InteractiveGraph)
help(EditableGraph)

Reasons why you might want to use netgraph

Better layouts

Interactivity

Algorithmically finding a visually pleasing graph layout is hard. This is demonstrated by the plethora of different algorithms in use (if graph layout was a solved problem, there would only be one algorithm). To ameliorate this problem, this module contains an InteractiveGraph class, which allows node positions to be tweaked with the mouse after an initial draw.

• Individual nodes and edges can be selected using the left-click.
• Multiple nodes and or edges can be selected by holding control while clicking, or by using the rectangle/window selector.
• Selected plot elements can be dragged around by holding left-click on a selected artist.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
from netgraph import InteractiveGraph

g = nx.house_x_graph()

edge_color = dict()
for ii, edge in enumerate(g.edges):
    edge_color[edge] = 'tab:gray' if ii%2 else 'tab:orange'

node_color = dict()
for node in g.nodes:
    node_color[node] = 'tab:red' if node%2 else 'tab:blue'

plot_instance = InteractiveGraph(
    g, node_size=5, node_color=node_color,
    node_labels=True, node_label_offset=0.1, node_label_fontdict=dict(size=20),
    edge_color=edge_color, edge_width=2,
    arrows=True, ax=ax)

plt.show()

There is also some experimental support for editing the graph elements interactively using the EditableGraph class.

• Pressing insert or + will add a new node to the graph.
• Double clicking on two nodes successively will create an edge between them.
• Pressing delete or - will remove selected nodes and edges.
• Pressing @ will reverse the direction of selected edges.

When adding a new node, the properties of the last selected node will be used to style the node artist. Ditto for edges. If no node or edge has been previously selected, the first created node or edge artist will be used.

Finally, elements of the graph can be labeled and annotated. Labels remain always visible, whereas annotations can be toggled on and off by clicking on the corresponding node or edge.

• To create or edit a node or edge label, select the node (or edge) artist, press the enter key, and type.
• To create or edit an annotation, select the node (or edge) artist, press alt + enter, and type.
• Terminate either action by pressing enter or alt + enter a second time.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
from netgraph import EditableGraph

g = nx.house_x_graph()

edge_color = dict()
for ii, (source, target) in enumerate(g.edges):
    edge_color[(source, target)] = 'tab:gray' if ii%2 else 'tab:orange'

node_color = dict()
for node in g.nodes:
    node_color[node] = 'tab:red' if node%2 else 'tab:blue'

annotations = {
    4 : 'This is the representation of a node.',
    (0, 1) : dict(s='This is not a node.', color='red')
}


fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10))

plot_instance = EditableGraph(
    g, node_color=node_color, node_size=5,
    node_labels=True, node_label_offset=0.1, node_label_fontdict=dict(size=20),
    edge_color=edge_color, edge_width=2,
    annotations=annotations, annotation_fontdict = dict(color='blue', fontsize=15),
    arrows=True, ax=ax)

plt.show()

Fine control over plot elements

High quality figures require fine control over plot elements. To that end, all node artist and edge artist properties can be specified in three ways:

1. Using a single scalar or string that will be applied to all artists.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from netgraph import Graph

edges = [(0, 1), (1, 1)]
Graph(edges, node_color='red', node_size=4.)
plt.show()

2. Using a dictionary mapping individual nodes or individual edges to a property:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from netgraph import Graph

Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)],
      edge_color={(0, 1) : 'g', (1, 2) : 'lightblue', (2, 0) : np.array([1, 0, 0])},
      node_size={0 : 20, 1 : 4.2, 2 : np.pi},
)
plt.show()

3. By directly manipulating the node and edge artists (which are derived from matplotlib PathPatch artists):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; plt.ion()
from netgraph import Graph

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
g = Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)], ax=ax)

# make some changes
g.edge_artists[(0, 1)].set_facecolor('red')
g.edge_artists[(1, 2)].set_facecolor('lightblue')

# force redraw to display changes
fig.canvas.draw()

Similarly, node and edge labels are just matplotlib text objects. Their properties can also be specified using a single value that is applied to all of them:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from netgraph import Graph

Graph([(0, 1)],
    node_size=20,
    node_labels={0 : 'Lorem', 1 : 'ipsum'},
    node_label_fontdict=dict(size=18, fontfamily='Arial', fontweight='bold'),
    edge_labels={(0, 1) : 'dolor sit'},
    # blue bounding box with red edge:
    edge_label_fontdict=dict(bbox=dict(boxstyle='round',
                                       ec=(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
                                       fc=(0.5, 0.5, 1.0))),
)
plt.show()

Alternatively, their properties can be manipulated individually after an initial draw:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from netgraph import Graph

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
g = Graph([(0, 1)],
    node_size=20,
    node_labels={0 : 'Lorem', 1 : 'ipsum'},
    edge_labels={(0, 1) : 'dolor sit'},
    ax=ax
)

# make some changes
g.node_label_artists[1].set_color('hotpink')
g.edge_label_artists[(0, 1)].set_style('italic')

# force redraw to display changes
fig.canvas.draw()
plt.show()

For a full list of available arguments, please consult the docstrings of the Graph or InteractiveGraph class:

from netgraph import Graph; help(Graph)

Recent changes

• 4.11.1 Resolved warnings during build process.
• 4.11.0 Switched from setup.py based installation to pyproject.toml/wheels.
• 4.10.4 Added support for custom graph classes that inherit from networkx/igraph/graph-tool base Graph classes (issue #53)
• 4.10.3 Improved the error message for incomplete iterable arguments (issue #55).
• 4.10.2 Fixed issue #48 (again, sorry).
• 4.10.1 Implement flag that controls bundling of parallel edges in the curved edge layout (bundle_parallel_edges).
• 4.10.0 Implemented grid-mode for the InteractiveGraph class to facilitate alignment of nodes (toggle with 'g').
• 4.9.7 Fixed a bug introduced in version 4.9.5 in the computation of repulsive forces in the spring layout (i.e. the default layout).
• 4.9.6 Fixed issue #51, which occurred in the community node layout if a node had no connections to other nodes in its community.
• 4.9.5 Improved the routine that reduces node overlaps in the spring and community node layouts.
• 4.9.4 Fixed a bug that occurred in get_curved_edges if the k parameter was not set explicitly.
• 4.9.3 Improved placement of nodes in instances where all nodes are aligned within any one dimension.
• 4.9.2 Fixed an issue that occurred when using the dot node layout for a graphs with multiple components.
• 4.9.1 Fixed issue #48, which occurred when computing a curved edge layout for graphs with multiple components. Also improved edge routing slightly.
• 4.9.0 Implemented a layered and a shell layout for multi-partite graphs.
• 4.8.2 Fixed issue #45, which prevented a warning to be raised when trying to plot networkx.MultiGraph instances.
• 4.8.1 Fixed issue #44, that occurred if a single node was plotted with the Sugiyama layout (thanks @wilkeber).
• 4.8.0 Refined community node layout. Communities are rotated w.r.t. each other to reduce the length of edges between them.
• 4.7.1 Fixed issue #41, which occurred when computing the community layout for communities without within-community edges.
• 4.7.0 Implemented a radial tree node layout
• 4.6.0 Support drawing of graph_tool.Graph objects
• 4.5.0 Support custom mappings for mouse-over highlight events (issue #39)
• 4.4.1 Corrected imports for testing _arcdiagram.py
• 4.4.0 Added bipartite node layouts.
• 4.3.0 Added the ArcDiagram class and interactive/editable variants.
• 4.2.4 Plotting of graphs with a single node is now supported.
• 4.2.3 Fixed a bug that occurred when using the community layout with at least one community containing a single node
• 4.2.2 Fixed a bug that occurred every time an InteractiveGraph was initialised without tabular annotations
• 4.2.1 Added online documentation

Help, I don't know how to do ...!

Please raise an issue. Include any relevant code and data in a minimal, reproducible example. If applicable, make a sketch of the desired result with pen and paper, take a picture, and append it to the issue.

Bug reports are, of course, always welcome. Please make sure to include the full error trace.

If you submit a pull request that fixes a bug or implements a cool feature, I will probably worship the ground you walk on for the rest of the week. Probably.

Finally, if you do email me, please be very patient. I rarely check the email account linked to my open source code, so I probably will not see your emails for several weeks, potentially longer. Also, I have a job that I love and that pays my bills, and thus takes priority. That being said, the blue little notification dot on github is surprisingly effective at getting my attention. So please just raise an issue.