Particula

A simple, fast, and powerful particle simulator for aerosol science.

Requires: Python 3.12+

Installation

pip install particula

or via conda:

conda install -c conda-forge particula

Quick Start

import particula as par

# Build an aerosol system
aerosol = (
    par.AerosolBuilder()
    .set_atmosphere(atmosphere)
    .set_particles(particles)
    .build()
)

# Run dynamics (chainable with | operator)
process = par.dynamics.Condensation(strategy) | par.dynamics.Coagulation(strategy)
aerosol = process.execute(aerosol, time_step=10, sub_steps=1000)

Migration / What's New

See the migration guide for current APIs, compatibility notes, and direct-kernel troubleshooting.

Code Structure

particula/
├── gas/           # Gas phase: species, vapor pressure, atmosphere
├── particles/     # Particle representations & distributions
├── dynamics/      # Time-dependent processes
│   ├── coagulation/
│   ├── condensation/
│   └── wall_loss/
├── activity/      # Activity coefficients, phase separation
├── equilibria/    # Gas-particle partitioning
└── util/          # Constants, validation, unit conversion

Documentation Guide

Looking for...	Go to
Tutorials & walkthroughs	Examples/
Scientific background	Theory/
API reference	Full Docs
Contributing	contribute/

Examples by Topic

Aerosol — Building and inspecting aerosol objects
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss simulations
Equilibria — Gas-particle partitioning calculations
Gas Phase — Vapor pressure, species properties
Particle Phase — Size distributions, optical properties
Simulations — Full end-to-end scientific scenarios

Featured Examples

Aerosol Tutorial — Learn how to build gas species, atmospheres, particle distributions, and combine them into an Aerosol object.
CPU Latent-Heat Condensation Bookkeeping — CPU-only walkthrough showing diagnostic latent-heat bookkeeping from real condensation mass transfer with no temperature feedback.
Direct-Warp GPU Nucleation — Explicit-transfer, fixed-capacity low-level example using the package- exported nucleation_step_gpu. It requires Warp and is separate from the CPU-only Nucleation runnable; it provides no CPU fallback.
Organic Partitioning & Coagulation — Full simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from 10 organic vapors, followed by Brownian coagulation over 10 minutes.
Cloud Chamber Cycles — Multi-cycle cloud droplet activation demonstrating κ-Köhler theory across 3 seed compositions (Ammonium Sulfate, Sucrose, Mixed), showing how hygroscopicity affects activation at different supersaturations.

Features

Gas & Particle Phases — Full thermodynamic modeling with swappable strategies
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss, dilution
Flexible Representations — Discrete bins, continuous PDF, particle-resolved
Builder Pattern — Clean, validated object construction with unit conversion
Composable Processes — Chain runnables with | operator
Condensation Utilities — Non-isothermal helpers via particula.dynamics.get_thermal_resistance_factor, particula.dynamics.get_mass_transfer_rate_latent_heat, and particula.dynamics.get_latent_heat_energy_released
Condensation Strategies — CondensationIsothermal plus CondensationLatentHeat with latent-heat-corrected mass_transfer_rate()/rate() and step() energy tracking via last_latent_heat_energy, with optional dynamic_viscosity override
Latent Heat Factories — Build constant, linear, and power-law latent heat strategies via particula.gas.LatentHeatFactory with unit-aware builders and gas-phase exports for upcoming non-isothermal workflows

Citation

If you use Particula in your research, please cite:

Particula [Computer software]. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6634653

License

MIT

Metadata

Release files for particula 0.2.15

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for particula 0.2.15
File	Size	Uploaded
particula-0.2.15.tar.gz	2.0 MB	Oct 4, 2026	Details

Built distribution (wheel)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for particula 0.2.15
File	Interpreter	ABI	Platform	Reset
particula-0.2.15-py3-none-any.whl 2.3 MB Oct 4, 2026	Python 3	none	any	Details

Total release size: 4.2 MB

Release files / particula-0.2.15.tar.gz

Download URL	particula-0.2.15.tar.gz
Size	2.0 MB
Tags	Source
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`2851738e0fd36ebba376dd32a0347d73cae1a204a5b13a4c6ded02ea004beb37`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`1efc9f62cc4bbaf2e0954517ad6bc87c40ac459d1b2c9cd985d74c36eb3fce79`
Upload date	Oct 4, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14`

Release files / particula-0.2.15-py3-none-any.whl

Download URL	particula-0.2.15-py3-none-any.whl
Size	2.3 MB
Tags	Python 3
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`4fd354f180f8364eaf4aecd8bb12837e98f8e728e9c3c34982c5eed46f676353`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`f4644be4795256e19426cbd9ccb8a23de91ae17cadc89805bda664612ec4615b`
Upload date	Oct 4, 2026
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14`