picus 0.0.2

Pointed Interpretation of Clinical Variant Significance

# Picus Pointed Interpretation of Clinical Variant Significance

## Quick Install * Linux&Mac

> sudo pip3 install picus

• Windows

> pip install picus

## Example Uses

• Picus examples

> picus -i input.csv -o output.json

## Evidence Collection Process

### PVS1 * PVS1 null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1 or 2 splice sites, initiation codon, single or multiexon deletion) in a gene where LOF is a known mechanism of disease.

#### Status * Implemented

#### Resources * LoF genes defined by Lek, M. et al. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans. Nature 536, 285–291 (2016). * Null variants defined as HIGH IMPACT by https://www.ensembl.org/info/genome/variation/prediction/predicted_data.html

#### Conditions * “gene_symbol” is in LoF gene list. * “transcript_consequence_terms” is high impact.

#### Shortcomings * LoF gene list is only predictive and may be missing some actual LoF genes. * No checks for multiexon deletion.

#### Pathogenic Strong

### PS1 * Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change.

#### Status * Implemented

#### Resources * Clinvar xml (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/clinvar/)

#### Annotation Steps 1. Clinvar data is parsed using https://github.com/barslmn/clinvar. 2. Sample data and clinvar data is merged based on columns “CHR” and “POS”. 3. Clinvar feature columns “ALT”, “hgvsp”, and “clinical_significance” added to original annotation.

#### Conditions 1. “clinical_significance” is pathogenic. 2. Sample “hgvsp” and later added clinvar “hgvsp” changes are the same. 3. Sample “ALT” and clinvar “ALT” are different.

#### Shortcomings

### PS2 * De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history.

#### Status * Not Checked

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PS3 * Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product

#### Status * Not Checked

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PS4 * The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared with the prevalence in controls

#### Status * Implemented

#### Resources * https://github.com/WGLab/InterVar/blob/master/intervardb/PS4.variants.hg19

#### Conditions 1. “id” is in id list.

#### Shortcomings 1. No idea how the source is made.

#### Pathogenic Moderate

### PM1 * Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain (e.g., active site of an enzyme) without benign variation

#### Status * Planned.

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PM2 * Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) (Table 6) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium

#### Status * Implemented

#### Resources * VEP

#### Conditions * “gnomad” less than 0.001.

#### Shortcomings

### PM3 * For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant

#### Status * Not Checked

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PM4 * Protein length changes as a result of in-frame deletions/insertions in a nonrepeat region or stop-loss variants

#### Status * Implemented

#### Resources * VEP

#### Conditions * “transcript_consequence_terms” is “inframe_insertion”, “inframe_deletion”, or “stop_lost”.

#### Shortcomings * No checks for repeat regions.

### PM5 * Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different missense change determined to be pathogenic has been seen before

#### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PM6 * Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

#### Pathogenic Supporting

### PP1 * Cosegregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PP2 * Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and in which missense variants are a common mechanism of disease #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PP3 * Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.) #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PP4 * Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### PP5 * Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### Benign

#### Benign Stand-alone

### BA1 * Allele frequency is >5% in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### Benign Strong

### BS1 * Allele frequency is greater than expected for disorder #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BS2 * Observed in a healthy adult individual for a recessive (homozygous), dominant (heterozygous), or X-linked (hemizygous) disorder, with full penetrance expected at an early age #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BS3 * Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BS4 * Lack of segregation in affected members of a family #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### Benign Supporting

### BP1 * Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP2 * Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observed in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP3 * In-frame deletions/insertions in a repetitive region without a known function #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP4 * Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.) #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP5 * Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP6 * Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings

### BP7 * A synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence nor the creation of a new splice site AND the nucleotide is not highly conserved #### Status

#### Resources

#### Conditions

#### Shortcomings