provision 0.9.2

Create highly customized servers in the cloud

Introduction

Provision enables users to deploy customized nodes, either via shell commands, or as a Python library. Building on Apache Libcloud, which provides a common API for various providers, Provision allows users to specify, for a new node, which files get installed, which scripts get run, and which public keys have access, in a flexible yet repeatable way.

In addition to basic configuration decisions (such as disk image, size, provider, location, and name), Provision supports four conceptually distinct components that determine how a node gets deployed.

1. Public keys that grant their respective private keys root access on the deployed node.

2. Files that get copied into their specified location on the node.

3. Script templates supporting run time variable substitution that get run on the node.

4. Minimal Python configuration code for setting secret keys, creating named bundles of scripts and files for specific functionality, etc.

Provision applications are themselves automatically configured from the provision/defaults directory and optional, additional configuration directories which themselves contain an __init__.py file, and possible subdirectories of files, scripts and public keys.

These additional configuration directories can be used to change the default configuration parameters in any way, and are typically used to set secret API keys, access keys, and define site-specific functionality bundles.

A Bundle is a named collection of files and scripts that will get installed and run on the deployed node. You can specify a default set of Bundle names that will get installed for every new node, as well as specifying which additional bundles to install via command line or library interface.

Dependencies

See setup.py for details on version requirements. The following modules will be automatically installed if not present.

• apache-libcloud

• paramiko

• pycrypto

• argparse

• cloudfiles (optional)

Installation

Provision uses distribute.setuptools for installation and test running.

To install, cd to top level directory and run:

$ python setup.py install

To run tests, cd to top level directory and run:

$ python setup.py test

Usage

Shell Commands

The following shell commands are available after installation:

• deploy-node

  Typical usage: $ deploy-node -c ~/secrets_dir -b dev

• list-nodes

  Typical usage: $ list-nodes -c ~/secrets_dir

• destroy-node

  Typical usage: $ destroy-node -c ~/secrets_dir nodename

Several command line arguments are common to all three commands:

• -c –config-paths

  Specify path to a configuration directory. Can be used multiple times.

• -p –provider

  Specify provider (defaults to config.DEFAULT_PROVIDER)

• -u –userid

  Specify user id (defaults to config.DEFAULT_USERID)

• -k –secret_key

  Specify secret key (defaults to config.DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY)

Other command line arguments are specific to individual commands

deploy-node

• -b –bundles

  Specify names of bundles to install. Can be used multiple times.

• -d –description-file

  If specified, output node description in json format to file.

• -i –image

  Specify image name (defaults to config.DEFAULT_IMAGE_NAME)

• -l –location

  Specify location id (defaults to config.DEFAULT_LOCATION_ID)

• -n –name

  Generate randomized name based on prefix if name not specified.

• -s –size

  Specify node size (defaults to config.DEFAULT_SIZE_ID)

• -t –subvars

  Key=value pairs of template substitution variables. Can be used multiple times.

• -x –prefix

  Use prefix to generate randomized name (defaults to config.DEFAULT_NAME_PREFIX)

destroy-node

• name

  The name of the node to destroy

• -t –testresults

  Only destroy node if all tests passed in specified junit-style XML formatted file

Configuration Directory Structure

Provision is not particulary useful out of the box. At the minimum, you will need to specify which provider, user id, and secret key to use to access your account. This can all be done on the command line, but it’s can be simpler to create a local configuration directory and either specify its location on the command line, or put it in a default location that provision will try to load on startup.

Aside from authentication, a configuration directory can be use to define bundles of associated files and scripts that will get run when a node is deployed. It can also read and write any variable defined in the provision.config module, which gives great flexibility in determining how the program will act by default.

Provision configuration directories all share the same structure. At the top level is a __init__.py file, which gets imported and its init() function executed during configuration time.

Also at the top level are three directories called “pubkeys”, “scripts”, and “files”. Provision uses libcloud, which uses public key cryptography by default to communicate with the new node. During a deploy, it will by default look for the file ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub and insert it into the node’s /root/.ssh/authorized_keys file. If it exists and contains files, provision will also include those public keys in the new node’s authorized_keys.

From the other two directories, files and scripts get loaded into memory, and are mapped into bundles in __init__.py, which can then be specified in the command line using -b bundle-name, or added to DEFAULT_BUNDLES, to get installed for every deploy.

It is sometimes useful to be able to substitute variables into scripts at runtime. This can be done by using the –subvars command line option with script templating.

Embed one of the following lines in a script to activate variable substitution:

# provision-template-type: format-string
or
# provision-template-type: template-string

See format string documentation and template strings documentation for the respective syntaxes. Also see test cases in test_script_templates.py.

The __init__.py file can also be used to override default settings in the provision.config module, which gets passed into init() as a parameter.

This is an example of an __init__.py file:

def init(config):
    config.DEFAULT_PROVIDER = 'rackspace'
    config.DEFAULT_USERID = 'user1'
    config.DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY = 'somehardtoguesssecret'

    config.DEFAULT_BOOTSTRAP_BUNDLES.extend(['tz', 'snmpd']
    config.DEFAULT_BUNDLES.extend(['security'])

    config.add_bundle('dev', ['emacs.sh', 'screen.sh'],
                      ['/root/.emacs.d/init.el', '/root/.screenrc'])

For this example, the files directory contains init.el, which will get installed at /root/emacs.d/init.el in the deployed node, and .screenrc which gets installed and /root/.screenrc.

Similarly, the scripts directory contains emacs.sh and screen.sh, which get executed on the deployed node after it boots for the first time.

Default Configuration Directory Locations

When provision.config is first imported, it will try to load configuration directory in ~/.provision/secrets. If it cannot locate one, it will then try $VIRTUAL_ENV/provision_secrets.