Python Mode-S and ADS-B Decoder
Project description
If you find this project useful for your research, please considering cite this tool as:
@article{sun2019pymodes, author={J. {Sun} and H. {V\^u} and J. {Ellerbroek} and J. M. {Hoekstra}}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, title={pyModeS: Decoding Mode-S Surveillance Data for Open Air Transportation Research}, year={2019}, doi={10.1109/TITS.2019.2914770}, ISSN={1524-9050}, }
Introduction
PyModeS is a Python library designed to decode Mode-S (including ADS-B) message. It can be imported to your python project or be used as a standalone tool to view and save live traffic data.
Messages with following Downlink Formats (DF) are supported:
DF17 / DF18: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
TC=1-4 / BDS 0,8: Aircraft identification and category
TC=5-8 / BDS 0,6: Surface position
TC=9-18 / BDS 0,5: Airborne position
TC=19 / BDS 0,9: Airborne velocity
TC=28 / BDS 6,1: Airborne status [to be implemented]
TC=29 / BDS 6,2: Target state and status information [to be implemented]
TC=31 / BDS 6,5: Aircraft operational status [to be implemented]
DF20 / DF21: Mode-S Comm-B replies
BDS 1,0: Data link capability report
BDS 1,7: Common usage GICB capability report
BDS 2,0: Aircraft identification
BDS 3,0: ACAS active resolution advisory
BDS 4,0: Selected vertical intention
BDS 4,4: Meteorological routine air report (experimental)
BDS 4,5: Meteorological hazard report (experimental)
BDS 5,0: Track and turn report
BDS 6,0: Heading and speed report
DF4 / DF20: Altitude code
DF5 / DF21: Identity code (squawk code)
Resources
Check out and contribute to this open-source project at: https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
Detailed manual on Mode-S decoding is published at: https://mode-s.org/decode.
The API documentation of pyModeS is at: http://pymodes.readthedocs.io
Install
The pyModeS can be installed with extra option [all] in order to install dependencies pyzmq and pyrtlsdr automatically.
Installation examples:
# stable version, basic pip install pyModeS # stable version, including dependencies for streamer and rtlsdr pip install pyModeS[all] # development version, basic pip install git+https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS # development version, including dependencies for streamer and rtlsdr pip install git+https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS#egg=pyModeS[all]
View live traffic (modeslive)
General usage:
$ modeslive [-h] --source SOURCE [--connect SERVER PORT DATAYPE] [--latlon LAT LON] [--show-uncertainty] [--dumpto DUMPTO] arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --source SOURCE Choose data source, "rtlsdr" or "net" --connect SERVER PORT DATATYPE Define server, port and data type. Supported data types are: ['raw', 'beast', 'skysense'] --latlon LAT LON Receiver latitude and longitude, needed for the surface position, default none --show-uncertainty Display uncertainty values, default off --dumpto DUMPTO Folder to dump decoded output, default none
Live with RTL-SDR
If you have an RTL-SDR receiver plugged to the computer, you can connect it with rtlsdr source switch, shown as follows:
$ modeslive --source rtlsdr
Live with network data
If you want to connect to a TCP server that broadcast raw data. use can use net source switch, for example:
$ modeslive --source net --connect localhost 30002 raw $ modeslive --source net --connect 127.0.0.1 30005 beast
Example screenshot:
Use the library
import pyModeS as pms
Common functions
pms.df(msg) # Downlink Format
pms.icao(msg) # Infer the ICAO address from the message
pms.crc(msg, encode=False) # Perform CRC or generate parity bit
pms.hex2bin(str) # Convert hexadecimal string to binary string
pms.bin2int(str) # Convert binary string to integer
pms.hex2int(str) # Convert hexadecimal string to integer
pms.gray2int(str) # Convert grey code to interger
Core functions for ADS-B decoding
pms.adsb.icao(msg)
pms.adsb.typecode(msg)
# Typecode 1-4
pms.adsb.callsign(msg)
# Typecode 5-8 (surface), 9-18 (airborne, barometric height), and 9-18 (airborne, GNSS height)
pms.adsb.position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd, lat_ref=None, lon_ref=None)
pms.adsb.airborne_position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd)
pms.adsb.surface_position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd, lat_ref, lon_ref)
pms.adsb.surface_velocity(msg)
pms.adsb.position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref)
pms.adsb.airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref)
pms.adsb.surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref)
pms.adsb.altitude(msg)
# Typecode: 19
pms.adsb.velocity(msg) # Handles both surface & airborne messages
pms.adsb.speed_heading(msg) # Handles both surface & airborne messages
pms.adsb.airborne_velocity(msg)
Note: When you have a fix position of the aircraft, it is convenient to use position_with_ref() method to decode with only one position message (either odd or even). This works with both airborne and surface position messages. But the reference position shall be within 180NM (airborne) or 45NM (surface) of the true position.
Decode altitude replies in DF4 / DF20
pms.common.altcode(msg) # Downlink format must be 4 or 20
Decode identity replies in DF5 / DF21
pms.common.idcode(msg) # Downlink format must be 5 or 21
Common Mode-S functions
pms.icao(msg) # Infer the ICAO address from the message
pms.bds.infer(msg) # Infer the Modes-S BDS register
# Check if BDS is 5,0 or 6,0, give reference speed, track, altitude (from ADS-B)
pms.bds.is50or60(msg, spd_ref, trk_ref, alt_ref)
# Check each BDS explicitly
pms.bds.bds10.is10(msg)
pms.bds.bds17.is17(msg)
pms.bds.bds20.is20(msg)
pms.bds.bds30.is30(msg)
pms.bds.bds40.is40(msg)
pms.bds.bds44.is44(msg)
pms.bds.bds50.is50(msg)
pms.bds.bds60.is60(msg)
Mode-S Elementary Surveillance (ELS)
pms.commb.ovc10(msg) # Overlay capability, BDS 1,0
pms.commb.cap17(msg) # GICB capability, BDS 1,7
pms.commb.cs20(msg) # Callsign, BDS 2,0
Mode-S Enhanced Surveillance (EHS)
# BDS 4,0
pms.commb.selalt40mcp(msg) # MCP/FCU selected altitude (ft)
pms.commb.selalt40fms(msg) # FMS selected altitude (ft)
pms.commb.p40baro(msg) # Barometric pressure (mb)
# BDS 5,0
pms.commb.roll50(msg) # Roll angle (deg)
pms.commb.trk50(msg) # True track angle (deg)
pms.commb.gs50(msg) # Ground speed (kt)
pms.commb.rtrk50(msg) # Track angle rate (deg/sec)
pms.commb.tas50(msg) # True airspeed (kt)
# BDS 6,0
pms.commb.hdg60(msg) # Magnetic heading (deg)
pms.commb.ias60(msg) # Indicated airspeed (kt)
pms.commb.mach60(msg) # Mach number (-)
pms.commb.vr60baro(msg) # Barometric altitude rate (ft/min)
pms.commb.vr60ins(msg) # Inertial vertical speed (ft/min)
Meteorological routine air report (MRAR) [Experimental]
# BDS 4,4
pms.commb.wind44(msg) # Wind speed (kt) and direction (true) (deg)
pms.commb.temp44(msg) # Static air temperature (C)
pms.commb.p44(msg) # Average static pressure (hPa)
pms.commb.hum44(msg) # Humidity (%)
Meteorological hazard air report (MHR) [Experimental]
# BDS 4,5
pms.commb.turb45(msg) # Turbulence level (0-3)
pms.commb.ws45(msg) # Wind shear level (0-3)
pms.commb.mb45(msg) # Microburst level (0-3)
pms.commb.ic45(msg) # Icing level (0-3)
pms.commb.wv45(msg) # Wake vortex level (0-3)
pms.commb.temp45(msg) # Static air temperature (C)
pms.commb.p45(msg) # Average static pressure (hPa)
pms.commb.rh45(msg) # Radio height (ft)
Customize the streaming module
The TCP client module from pyModeS can be re-used to stream and process Mode-S data as you like. You need to re-implement the handle_messages() function from the TcpClient class to write your own logic to handle the messages.
Here is an example:
import pyModeS as pms
from pyModeS.extra.tcpclient import TcpClient
# define your custom class by extending the TcpClient
# - implement your handle_messages() methods
class ADSBClient(TcpClient):
def __init__(self, host, port, rawtype):
super(ADSBClient, self).__init__(host, port, rawtype)
def handle_messages(self, messages):
for msg, ts in messages:
if len(msg) != 28: # wrong data length
continue
df = pms.df(msg)
if df != 17: # not ADSB
continue
if pms.crc(msg) !=0: # CRC fail
continue
icao = pms.adsb.icao(msg)
tc = pms.adsb.typecode(msg)
# TODO: write you magic code here
print(ts, icao, tc, msg)
# run new client, change the host, port, and rawtype if needed
client = ADSBClient(host='127.0.0.1', port=30005, rawtype='beast')
client.run()
Unit test
To perform unit tests. First, install tox through pip. Then, run the following commands:
$ tox
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