pyaixi 1.0.4.post1

A pure Python implementation of the Monte Carlo-AIXI-Context Tree Weighting (MC-AIXI-CTW) artificial intelligence algorithm.

Description

A pure Python implementation of the Monte Carlo-AIXI-Context Tree Weighting (MC-AIXI-CTW) artificial intelligence algorithm.

This is an approximation of the AIXI universal artificial intelligence algorithm, which describes a model-based, reinforcement-learning agent capable of general learning.

A more in-depth description of the MC-AIXI-CTW algorithm can be found here:

J.Veness, K.S.Ng, M.Hutter, W.Uther, D.Silver, A Monte Carlo AIXI Approximation, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 40 (2011) 95-142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3125 Free TechReport version: http://arxiv.org/abs/0909.0801 BibTeX: http://www.hutter1.net/official/bib.htm#aixictwx

Motivation

Providing a pure Python implementation of the MC-AIXI-CTW algorithm is intended to:

• help make the implementation of AIXI-approximate algorithms more accessible to people without a C++ background

• permit easier use of the MC-AIXI-CTW algorithm (and components) in other Python-based AI projects, and

• permit faster prototyping of new AIXI-approximate algorithms via Python’s comparative linguistic simplicity.

Getting started

To try the example Rock Paper Scissors environment, run the following in the base directory of this package.

From the Linux/Unix/Mac console:

python aixi.py -v conf/rock_paper_scissors_fast.conf

On Windows:

python aixi.py -v confrock_paper_scissors_fast.conf

Or if you have PyPy (e.g. version 1.9) installed on Linux/Unix/Mac:

pypy-c1.9 aixi.py -v conf/rock_paper_scissors_fast.conf

NOTE: it is highly recommended to use the PyPy http://pypy.org Python interpreter to run code from this package, as this typically provides an order-of-magnitude run-time improvement over using the standard CPython interpreter.

(This is unfortunately still an order of magnitude slower than the C++ version, though.)

This example will perform 500 interactions of the agent with the environment, with the agent exploring the environment by trying permitted actions at random, and learning from the related observations and rewards.

Then, the agent will use what it has learnt to maximise its reward in the following 500 interactions. (Exploration is typically quite quick, while using that gained knowledge to choose the best action possible is typically much slower.)

For this particular environment, an average reward greater than 1 means the agent is winning more than it is losing.

(A score ranging from 1.02 to 1.04 is typical, depending on the random seed given.)

Further example environments can be found in the environments directory:

• coin_flip - A simulation of a biased coin flip

• extended_tiger - An extended version of the Tiger-or-Gold door choice problem.

• kuhn_poker - A simplified, zero-sum version of poker.

• maze - A two-dimensional maze.

• rock_paper_scissors - Rock Paper Scissors.

• tic_tac_toe - Tic Tac Toe

• tiger - A choice between two doors. One door hides gold; the other, a tiger.

Similarly-named environment configuration files for these environments can be found in the conf directory, and run by replacing rock_paper_scissors_fast.conf in the commands listed above with the name of the appropriate configuration file.

Script usage

Usage: python aixi.py [-a | –agent <agent module name>]

[-d | –explore-decay <exploration decay value, between 0 and 1>] [-e | –environment <environment module name>] [-h | –agent-horizon <search horizon>] [-l | –learning-period <cycle count>] [-m | –mc-simulations <number of simulations to run each step>] [-o | –option <extra option name>=<value>] [-p | –profile] [-r | –terminate-age <number of cycles before stopping the run>] [-t | –ct-depth <maximum depth of predicting context tree>] [-x | –exploration <exploration factor, greater than 0>] [-v | –verbose] [<environment configuration file name to load>]

Adding new environments

The environments in the environments directory all inherit from a base class, environment.Environment, found in the base package directory.

New environments will need to inherit this class, and provide the methods of this class (as well as any internal logic) to interact with the agent.

You’ll also need to construct a new configuration file for this environment, making sure to give the name of your new environment in the environment key.

Adding new agents

The only (for now) provided agent class can be found in the agent directory:

• mc_aixi_ctw - an agent implementing the Monte Carlo-AIXI-Context Tree Weighting algorithm.

The prediction algorithm used by this agent can be found in the prediction directory:

• ctw_context_tree - an implementation of Context Tree Weighting context trees.

The search algorithm used is found in the search directory:

• monte_carlo_search_tree - an implementation of Monte Carlo search trees.

New agents need to inherit from the base agent.Agent class, and provide the methods listed within to interact with the currently-configured environment.

To use your own agent instead of the default mc_aixi_ctw agent in a configuration file, use the agent key to specify the Python module name of your agent.

Alternatively, you can override the default/the configuration file value, by using the ‘-a’/’–agent’ option on the command line.

Similar projects

This package is based on the C++ implementation of the MC-AIXI-CTW algorithm seen here:

https://github.com/moridinamael/mc-aixi

Another implementation of MC-AIXI-CTW can be found here:

Joel Veness’s personal page: http://jveness.info/software/default.html

License

Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Please see LICENSE.txt for details.

If permitted in your legal domain (as this package is arguably a substantive derivative of another CC BY-SA 3.0 package, hence the licensing terms above, and the legal compatibility of CC BY-SA 3.0 with other open-source licences is currently unknown), the author of this package permits alternate licensing under your choice of either the LGPL 3.0 or the GPL 3.0.

Contact the author

For further assistance or to offer constructive feedback, please contact the author, SG Kassel, via:

sg_dot_kassel_dot_au_at_gmail_dot_com