pydantic_core 2.41.1

Core functionality for Pydantic validation and serialization

pydantic-core

This package provides the core functionality for pydantic validation and serialization.

Pydantic-core is currently around 17x faster than pydantic V1. See tests/benchmarks/ for details.

Example of direct usage

NOTE: You should not need to use pydantic-core directly; instead, use pydantic, which in turn uses pydantic-core.

from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, ValidationError


v = SchemaValidator(
    {
        'type': 'typed-dict',
        'fields': {
            'name': {
                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
                'schema': {
                    'type': 'str',
                },
            },
            'age': {
                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
                'schema': {
                    'type': 'int',
                    'ge': 18,
                },
            },
            'is_developer': {
                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
                'schema': {
                    'type': 'default',
                    'schema': {'type': 'bool'},
                    'default': True,
                },
            },
        },
    }
)

r1 = v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35})
assert r1 == {'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35, 'is_developer': True}

# pydantic-core can also validate JSON directly
r2 = v.validate_json('{"name": "Samuel", "age": 35}')
assert r1 == r2

try:
    v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 11})
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)
    """
    1 validation error for model
    age
      Input should be greater than or equal to 18
      [type=greater_than_equal, context={ge: 18}, input_value=11, input_type=int]
    """

Getting Started

Prerequisites

You'll need:

1. Rust - Rust stable (or nightly for coverage)
2. uv - Fast Python package manager (will install Python 3.9+ automatically)
3. git - For version control
4. make - For running development commands (or use nmake on Windows)

Quick Start

# Clone the repository (or from your fork)
git clone [e-mail]:pydantic/pydantic-core.git
cd pydantic-core

# Install all dependencies using uv, setup pre-commit hooks, and build the development version
make install

Verify your installation by running:

make

This runs a full development cycle: formatting, building, linting, and testing

Development Commands

Run make help to see all available commands, or use these common ones:

make build-dev    # to build the package during development
make build-prod   # to perform an optimised build for benchmarking
make test         # to run the tests
make testcov      # to run the tests and generate a coverage report
make lint         # to run the linter
make format       # to format python and rust code
make all          # to run to run build-dev + format + lint + test

Useful Resources

• python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi - Python API types
• python/pydantic_core/core_schema.py - Core schema definitions
• tests/ - Comprehensive usage examples

Profiling

It's possible to profile the code using the flamegraph utility from flamegraph-rs. (Tested on Linux.) You can install this with cargo install flamegraph.

Run make build-profiling to install a release build with debugging symbols included (needed for profiling).

Once that is built, you can profile pytest benchmarks with (e.g.):

flamegraph -- pytest tests/benchmarks/test_micro_benchmarks.py -k test_list_of_ints_core_py --benchmark-enable

The flamegraph command will produce an interactive SVG at flamegraph.svg.

Releasing

1. Bump package version locally. Do not just edit Cargo.toml on Github, you need both Cargo.toml and Cargo.lock to be updated.
2. Make a PR for the version bump and merge it.
3. Go to https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/releases and click "Draft a new release"
4. In the "Choose a tag" dropdown enter the new tag v<the.new.version> and select "Create new tag on publish" when the option appears.
5. Enter the release title in the form "v<the.new.version> "
6. Click Generate release notes button
7. Click Publish release
8. Go to https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/actions and ensure that all build for release are done successfully.
9. Go to https://pypi.org/project/pydantic-core/ and ensure that the latest release is published.
10. Done 🎉