Python Netlink library
Project description
Pyroute2 is a pure Python netlink library. The core requires only Python stdlib, no 3rd party libraries. The library was started as an RTNL protocol implementation, so the name is pyroute2, but now it supports many netlink protocols. Some supported netlink families and protocols:
rtnl, network settings — addresses, routes, traffic controls
nfnetlink — netfilter API
ipq — simplest userspace packet filtering, iptables QUEUE target
devlink — manage and monitor devlink-enabled hardware
generic — generic netlink families
uevent — same uevent messages as in udev
Netfilter API:
ipset — IP sets
nftables — packet filtering
nfct — connection tracking
Generic netlink:
ethtool — low-level network interface setup
wireguard — VPN setup
nl80211 — wireless functions API (basic support)
taskstats — extended process statistics
acpi_events — ACPI events monitoring
thermal_events — thermal events monitoring
VFS_DQUOT — disk quota events monitoring
On the low level the library provides socket objects with an extended API. The additional functionality aims to:
Help to open/bind netlink sockets
Discover generic netlink protocols and multicast groups
Construct, encode and decode netlink and PF_ROUTE messages
Supported systems
Pyroute2 runs natively on Linux and emulates some limited subset of RTNL netlink API on BSD systems on top of PF_ROUTE notifications and standard system tools.
Other platforms are not supported.
NDB – high level RTNL API
Key features:
Data integrity
Transactions with commit/rollback changes
State synchronization
Multiple sources, including netns and remote systems
A “Hello world” example:
from pyroute2 import NDB ndb = NDB(log='on') for record in ndb.interfaces.summary(): print(record.ifname, record.address, record.state) for record in ndb.addresses.summary(): print(record._as_dict()) (ndb .interfaces .create(ifname='br0', kind='bridge') # create a bridge .add_port('eth0') # add ports .add_port('eth1') # .add_ip('10.0.0.1/24') # add addresses .add_ip('192.168.0.1/24') # .set('br_stp_state', 1) # set STP on .set('state', 'up') # bring the interface up .commit()) # commit pending changes
IPRoute – Low level RTNL API
Low-level IPRoute utility — Linux network configuration. The IPRoute class is a 1-to-1 RTNL mapping. There are no implicit interface lookups and so on.
Get notifications about network settings changes with IPRoute:
from pyroute2 import IPRoute with IPRoute() as ipr: # With IPRoute objects you have to call bind() manually ipr.bind() for message in ipr.get(): print(message)
More examples:
from socket import AF_INET from pyroute2 import IPRoute # get access to the netlink socket ip = IPRoute() # no monitoring here -- thus no bind() # print interfaces for link in ip.get_links(): print(link) # create VETH pair and move v0p1 to netns 'test' ip.link('add', ifname='v0p0', peer='v0p1', kind='veth') idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0] ip.link('set', index=idx, net_ns_fd='test') # bring v0p0 up and add an address idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p0')[0] ip.link('set', index=idx, state='up') ip.addr('add', index=idx, address='10.0.0.1', prefixlen=24) # release Netlink socket ip.close()
Network namespace examples
Network namespace manipulation:
from pyroute2 import netns # create netns netns.create('test') # list print(netns.listnetns()) # remove netns netns.remove('test')
Create veth interfaces pair and move to netns:
from pyroute2 import IPRoute with IPRoute() as ipr: # create interface pair ipr.link('add', ifname='v0p0', kind='veth', peer='v0p1') # lookup the peer index idx = ipr.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0] # move the peer to the 'test' netns: ipr.link('set', index='v0p1', net_ns_fd='test')
List interfaces in some netns:
from pyroute2 import NetNS from pprint import pprint ns = NetNS('test') pprint(ns.get_links()) ns.close()
More details and samples see in the documentation.
Installation
make install or pip install pyroute2
Requirements
Python >= 2.7
The pyroute2 testing and documentaion framework requirements:
flake8
coverage
nosetests
sphinx
aafigure
netaddr
dtcd (optional, https://github.com/svinota/dtcd)
Optional dependencies:
mitogen – for distributed rtnl
psutil – for ss2 tool
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