Pyroute2 is a pure Python netlink library. The core requires only Python stdlib, no 3rd party libraries. The library was started as an RTNL protocol implementation, so the name is pyroute2, but now it supports many netlink protocols. Some supported netlink families and protocols:
rtnl, network settings — addresses, routes, traffic controls
nfnetlink — netfilter API
ipq — simplest userspace packet filtering, iptables QUEUE target
devlink — manage and monitor devlink-enabled hardware
generic — generic netlink families
uevent — same uevent messages as in udev
Netfilter API:
ipset — IP sets
nftables — packet filtering
nfct — connection tracking
Generic netlink:
ethtool — low-level network interface setup
wireguard — VPN setup
nl80211 — wireless functions API (basic support)
taskstats — extended process statistics
acpi_events — ACPI events monitoring
thermal_events — thermal events monitoring
VFS_DQUOT — disk quota events monitoring
On the low level the library provides socket objects with an extended API. The additional functionality aims to:
Help to open/bind netlink sockets
Discover generic netlink protocols and multicast groups
Construct, encode and decode netlink and PF_ROUTE messages
Supported systems
Pyroute2 runs natively on Linux and emulates some limited subset of RTNL netlink API on BSD systems on top of PF_ROUTE notifications and standard system tools.
Other platforms are not supported.
NDB – high level RTNL API
Key features:
Data integrity
Transactions with commit/rollback changes
State synchronization
Multiple sources, including netns and remote systems
A “Hello world” example:
from pyroute2 import NDB
with NDB() as ndb:
(
ndb.interfaces['eth0']
.set('state', 'down')
.commit() # make sure that the interface is down
.set('ifname', 'hello_world!')
.set('state', 'up')
.commit() # rename, bring up and wait for success
)
# --> <-- here you can be sure that the interface is up & renamedMore examples:
from pyroute2 import NDB
ndb = NDB(log='debug')
for record in ndb.interfaces.summary():
print(record.ifname, record.address, record.state)
print(ndb
.interfaces
.dump()
.select('index', 'ifname', 'kind')
.format('json'))
print(ndb
.addresses
.summary()
.format('csv'))
(ndb
.interfaces
.create(ifname='br0', kind='bridge') # create a bridge
.add_port('eth0') # add ports
.add_port('eth1') #
.add_ip('10.0.0.1/24') # add addresses
.add_ip('192.168.0.1/24') #
.set('br_stp_state', 1) # set STP on
.set('br_group_fwd_mask', 0x4000) # set LLDP forwarding
.set('state', 'up') # bring the interface up
.commit()) # commit pending changes
# operate on netns:
ndb.sources.add(netns='testns') # connect to a namespace
(ndb.interfaces.create(
**{'ifname': 'veth0', # create veth
'kind': 'veth', #
'peer': {'ifname': 'eth0', # setup peer
'net_ns_fd': 'testns'}}) # in the namespace
.set('state', 'up') #
.add_ip(address='172.16.230.1', prefixlen=24) # add address
.commit())
(ndb
.interfaces
.wait(**{'target': 'testns', 'ifname': 'eth0'}) # wait for the peer
.set('state', 'up') # bring it up
.add_ip(address='172.16.230.2', prefixlen=24) # add address
.commit())IPRoute – Low level RTNL API
Low-level IPRoute utility — Linux network configuration. The IPRoute class is a 1-to-1 RTNL mapping. There are no implicit interface lookups and so on.
Get notifications about network settings changes with IPRoute:
from pyroute2 import IPRoute
with IPRoute() as ipr:
# With IPRoute objects you have to call bind() manually
ipr.bind()
for message in ipr.get():
print(message)More examples:
from socket import AF_INET
from pyroute2 import IPRoute
# get access to the netlink socket
ip = IPRoute()
# no monitoring here -- thus no bind()
# print interfaces
for link in ip.get_links():
print(link)
# create VETH pair and move v0p1 to netns 'test'
ip.link('add', ifname='v0p0', peer='v0p1', kind='veth')
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0]
ip.link('set', index=idx, net_ns_fd='test')
# bring v0p0 up and add an address
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p0')[0]
ip.link('set', index=idx, state='up')
ip.addr('add', index=idx, address='10.0.0.1', prefixlen=24)
# release Netlink socket
ip.close()Network namespace examples
Network namespace manipulation:
from pyroute2 import netns
# create netns
netns.create('test')
# list
print(netns.listnetns())
# remove netns
netns.remove('test')Create veth interfaces pair and move to netns:
from pyroute2 import IPRoute
with IPRoute() as ipr:
# create interface pair
ipr.link('add', ifname='v0p0', kind='veth', peer='v0p1')
# lookup the peer index
idx = ipr.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0]
# move the peer to the 'test' netns:
ipr.link('set', index='v0p1', net_ns_fd='test')List interfaces in some netns:
from pyroute2 import NetNS
from pprint import pprint
ns = NetNS('test')
pprint(ns.get_links())
ns.close()More details and samples see in the documentation.
Installation
Using pypi:
pip install pyroute2Using git:
pip install git+https://github.com/svinota/pyroute2.gitUsing source, requires make and nox
git clone https://github.com/svinota/pyroute2.git
cd pyroute2
make installRequirements
Python >= 3.6
Links
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