QCpy is a comprehensive and user-friendly library for quantum computing, providing a wide range of functionality for quantum algorithms and quantum circuits. It is built on using open-source libraries NumPy and Matplotlib; compatible with Python 3.
Project description
README.md
QCpy - A Quantum Computing Library for Python
QCpy is an open source python library and collaborative project for flexible simulations and visualizations of quantum circuits. Designed by college students with students in mind, this library contains a powerful set of tools to teach computer scientists about the emerging discipline of quantum computing (QC).
You can download the package using pip:
pip install QCpython
Recommended Resources on Quantum Computing:
- Microsoft’s Linear Algebra for Quantum Computing
- IBM’s Quantum Computing: a field guide
- Wikipedia: Quantum Computing
Qubits
class QCpy.
Qubit
(initial_state=’z’)
Object representation of a qubit.
Parameters:
initial_state (chr)
- Character input for starting direction in the x, y, or z axis.
Attributes:
state (numpy.ndarray)
- current state of qubit in matrix representation.
Quantum Gates
class QC.QuantumGate.
Identity
()
Gate that does not modify the quantum state.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Identity gate.
Identity.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
PauliX
()
Quantum equivalent of the NOT gate in classical computing with respect to the standard basis |0>, |1>.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Pauli-X gate.
PauliX.matrix = [0+0j, 1+0j],
[1+0j, 0+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
PauliY
()
Rotation around y-axis of the bloch sphere by π radiains, mapping |0> to i|1> and |1> to -i|0>.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Pauli-Y gate.
PauliY.matrix = [0+0j, 0-1j],
[0+1j, 0+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
PauliZ
()
Rotation around z-axis of the bloch sphere by π radiains, mapping |1> to -|1>; known as the phase-flip.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Pauli-Z gate.
PauliZ.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, -1+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Hadamard
()
Maps the basis states |0> to |+> and |1> to |->, creating a superposition state if given a computation basis state.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Hadamard gate.
Hadamard.matrix = ([1, 1]
[1, -1]) * (1/sqrt(2))
class QC.QuantumGate.
CNot
(inverse=False)
Controlled gate acts on two or more qubits, performing the NOT operation of the target qubit only if the control qubits are |1>, can act as a quantum regiester and is used to entangle and disentangle Bell states.
Parameters:
inverse (bool)
- if the gate is an inverse, with the target being above the control.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of CNOT gate.
# regular
CNot.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j]
# inverse
CNot.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Swap
()
Swaps two qubits, with respect to the basis |00>, |01>, |10>, and |11>.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of SWAP gate.
Swap.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Toffoli
()
Universal reversible logic gate, known as the “controlled-controlled-NOT” gate; if the two control bits are set to 1, it will invert the target.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Toffoli gate.
Toffoli.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Phase
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Applies a rotation of theta around the z-axis.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of Phase gate.
Phase.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, numpy.exp(0+1j * theta)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
S
()
Equivalent to a pi/2 rotation around the z-axis.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of S gate.
S.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+1j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Sdg
()
Inverse of S gate; a -pi/2 rotation around the z-axis.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an inverse S gate.
Sdg.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0-1j]
class QC.QuantumGate.
T
()
Square of S gate; where T = S^2.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of a T gate.
T.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, numpy.exp((0+1j * numpy.pi) / 4)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Tdg
()
Inverse of T gate.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of a inverse of T gate.
Tdg.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, numpy.exp((0-1j * numpy.pi) / 4)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Rz
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation of qubit around the z-axis.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Rz gate.
Rz.matrix = [numpy.exp((0-1j * (theta / 2))), 0+0j],
[0+0j, numpy.exp(0+1j * (theta / 2))]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Rx
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation of qubit around the x-axis.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around x-axis.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Rx gate.
Rx.matrix = [numpy.cos(theta / 2), 0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2)],
[0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2), numpy.cos(theta / 2)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Ry
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation of qubit around the y-axis.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around y-axis.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Ry gate.
Ry.matrix = [numpy.cos(theta / 2), -1 * numpy.sin(theta / 2)],
[numpy.sin(theta / 2), numpy.cos(theta / 2)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Sx
()
Rotation around the x-axis by 90 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction. Also known as the “square-root X gate” due to the fact that applying the SX gate twice results in an X gate.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Sx gate.
Sx.matrix = [1+1j, 1-1j],
[1-1j, 1+1j]]) * (1 / 2)
class QC.QuantumGate.
Sxdg
()
Inverse of the Sx gate.
Parameters:
None
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an inverse Sx gate.
Sxdg.matrix = [1-1j, 1+1j],
[1+1j, 1-1j]]) * (1 / 2)
class QC.QuantumGate.
U
(theta=numpy.pi/2, phi=numpy.pi/2, lmbda=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation of qubit with respect to theta, phi, and lambda, in Euler angles.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around Euler angle theta.
phi (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around Euler angle phi.
lmbda (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around Eulear angle lambda.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of a U gate.
U.matrix = [numpy.cos(theta / 2), -1 * numpy.exp(0+1j * lmbda) * numpy.sin(theta / 2)],
[numpy.exp(0+1j * phi) * numpy.sin(theta / 2), numpy.exp(0+1j * (lmbda + phi)) * numpy.cos(theta / 2)]]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Rxx
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation about XX, maximally entangling at theta = pi/2.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around XX.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Rxx gate.
Rxx.matrix = [numpy.cos(theta / 2), 0+0j, 0+0j, 0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2)],
[0+0j, numpy.cos(theta / 2), 0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2), 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2), numpy.cos(theta / 2), 0+0j],
[0-1j * numpy.sin(theta / 2), 0+0j, 0+0j, numpy.cos(theta / 2)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Rzz
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Rotation about ZZ, maximally entangling at theta = pi/2.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around ZZ.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Rzz gate.
Rzz.matrix = [numpy.exp(0-1j * (theta / 2)), 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, numpy.exp(0+1j * (theta / 2)), 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, numpy.exp(0+1j * (theta / 2)), 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, numpy.exp(0-1j * (theta / 2))]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Cr
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Controlled phase shift rotation in theta radians; generalization of Cz gate.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation in theta radians.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Cr gate.
Cz.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, numpy.exp(theta * 0+1j)]
class QC.QuantumGate.
Cz
(theta=numpy.pi/2)
Controlled phase shift rotation in theta radians.
Parameters:
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation in theta radians.
Attributes:
matrix (np.ndarray)
- matrix representation of an Cz gate.
Cz.matrix = [1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 1+0j, 0+0j],
[0+0j, 0+0j, 0+0j, -1+0j]
Quantum Circuit
class QCpy.
QuantumCircuit
(qubits, little_endian=False, prep='z')
Quantum circuit that represents the state of a quantum system and performs operations on select qubits.
Parameters:
qubits (int)
- number of qubits in the circuit.
little_endian (bool)
default: False
- order of qubits and tensor products.
prep (char)
options: [z
, y
, x
] - initial direction of the qubits' phase angle.
Attributes:
None
QuantumCircuit.
circuit
()
Dictionary representation of the circuit
Parameters:
None
Returns:
circuit (dict[int, list[str]])
- key: qubit; value: name of gate.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
qc.hadamard(0)
print(qc.circuit())
# {0: ['hadamard', 'cnot_control', 'hadamard'],
# 1: ['cnot_target']}
QuantumCircuit.
amplitude
(round=3)
Returns vector of all possible amplitudes for the quantum circuit
Parameters:
round (int)
- rounding the amplitude to the nearest round
Returns:
amplitude (numpy.ndarray[float16])
- amplitude of the quantum circuit.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
qc.hadamard(0)
print(qc.amplitude())
# [[0.5]
# [0.5]
# [0.5]
# [0.5]]
QuantumCircuit.
phaseAngle
(round=2, radian=True)
Calculates possible phase angles for the quantum circuit
Parameters:
round (int)
- rounding the amplitude to the nearest round
radian (bool)
- whether or not the values are in radians or degrees.
Returns:
phase_angle (numpy.ndarray)
- array of qubit's phase angle.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
qc.hadamard(0)
print(qc.phaseAngle())
# [[0. ]
# [0. ]
# [0. ]
# [3.14159265]]
QuantumCircuit.
state
(round=3)
Returns state of the quantum circuit.
Parameters:
round (int)
- rounding the state to the nearest round
Returns:
_state (numpy.ndarray)
- array of quantum circuit's state.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
circuitQueue()
Returns queue of gates on quantum circuit.
Parameters:
None
Returns:
queue (list)
- list of gates queued on quantum circuit.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(4)
qc.x(0)
qc.x(1)
qc.x(2)
qc.rc3x(0, 1, 2, 3)
print(qc.circuitQueue())
# [('X', 0), ('X', 1), ('X', 2), ('U', 3), ('U', 3), ('cnot', 2, # 3), ('U', 3), ('U', 3), ('swap', 2, 3), ('swap', 1, 2),
# ('swap', 1, 2), ('swap', 2, 3), ('cnot', 0, 3), ('U', 3),
# ('swap', 2, 3), ('swap', 2, 3), ('cnot', 1, 3), ('U', 3),
# ('swap', 2, 3), ('swap', 1, 2), ('swap', 1, 2), ('swap', 2,
# 3), ('cnot', 0, 3), ('U', 3), ('swap', 2, 3), ('swap', 2, 3),
# ('cnot', 1, 3), ('U', 3), ('U', 3), ('U', 3), ('cnot', 2, 3),
# ('U', 3), ('U', 3), ('rc3x', 0, 1, 2, 3)]
QuantumCircuit.
probabilities
(round=3)
Returns probabilitiy of the qubits within the quantum circuit.
Parameters:
round (int)
- rounding the probabilities to the nearest round
Returns:
prob_matrix (numpy.ndarray)
- array of quantum circuit's probabilities.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
print(qc.probabilities())
# [0.5 0. 0. 0.5]
QuantumCircuit.
measure
()
Collapses the state based on the quantum circuit's probabilities.
Parameters:
None
Returns:
final_state (numpy.ndarray)
- array of quantum circuit's measurement.
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0, 1)
print(qc.measure())
# ~Results may vary~
# 00
QuantumCircuit.
reverse
()
Reverses the quantum circuit's values.
Parameters:
None
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
print(qc.state())
qc.reverse()
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
# [[0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
toffoli
(control_1, control_2, target)
A 3-qubit quantum gate that takes in two control qubits and one target qubit.
Parameters:
control_1 (int)
- first control qubit.
control_2 (int)
- second control qubit.
target (int)
- target qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.toffoli(0,1,2)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.5+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.5+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.5+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
rccx
(control_1, control_2, target)
A 3-qubit quantum gate that takes in two control qubits and one target qubit.
Parameters:
control_1 (int)
- first control qubit.
control_2 (int)
- second control qubit.
target (int)
- target qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.rccx(0,1,2)
print(qc.state())
# [[ 0.5-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.5-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.5-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [-0. +0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.5j]]
QuantumCircuit.
rc3x
(a, b, c, d)
A 4-qubit quantum gate that takes in 4 unique qubits.
Parameters:
a (int)
- first input qubit.
b (int)
- second input qubit.
c (int)
- third input qubit.
d (int)
- fourth input qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(4)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.hadamard(2)
qc.rc3x(0,1,2)
print(qc.state())
# [[ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0.354-0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.j ]
# [ 0. +0.354j]
# [-0. +0.j ]
# [ 0. -0.j ]
# [-0.354+0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
cnot
(control, target)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in a control qubit and one target qubit.
Parameters:
control (int)
- control qubit.
target (int)
- target qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cnot(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
cr
(control, target)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in a control qubit and one target qubit.
Parameters:
control (int)
- control qubit.
target (int)
- target qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cr(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
cz
(control, target)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in a control qubit and one target qubit.
Parameters:
control (int)
- control qubit.
target (int)
- target qubit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.cz(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
swap
(qubit_1, qubit_2)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in 2 qubits to swap there properties.
Parameters:
qubit_1 (int)
- first qubit to swap.
qubit_2 (int)
- second qubit to swap.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.swap(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
rxx
(qubit_1, qubit_2, theta=numpy.pi/2)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in two qubits and a representation of theta to initialize in the quantum state.
Parameters:
qubit_1 (int)
- first qubit input.
qubit_2 (int)
- second qubit input.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.rxx(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5+0.j ]
# [0. -0.5j]
# [0.5+0.j ]
# [0. -0.5j]]
QuantumCircuit.
rzz
(qubit_1, qubit_2, theta=numpy.pi/2)
A 2-qubit quantum gate that takes in two qubits and a representation of theta to initialize in the quantum state.
Parameters:
qubit_1 (int)
- first qubit input.
qubit_2 (int)
- second qubit input.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.rxx(0,1)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5+0.j ]
# [0. -0.5j]
# [0.5+0.j ]
# [0. -0.5j]]
QuantumCircuit.
customControlPhase
(control, target, custom_matrix)
Used to insert single qubit based quantum gates to have a control qubit apart of it and committing to the quantum state.
Parameters:
control (int)
- control qubit for given matrix.
target (int)
- target qubit for given matrix.
custom_matrix (np.array)
- matrix to be applied to the quantum circuit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.QuantumGate import PauliX
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.customControlPhase(0,1, PauliX().matrix)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
identity
(qubit)
Used to confirm value that a qubit is representing and does nothing to manipulate the value of such qubit.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the identity gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.identity(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[1.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
x
(qubit)
Used to invert the value of what a qubit is representing.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Pauli-X gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.x(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]
# [1.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
hadmard
(qubit)
Used to put a given qubit into superposition.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Hadamard gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
y
(qubit)
Changes the state of a qubit by pi around the y-axis of a Bloch Sphere.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Pauli-Y gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.y(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]
# [0.+1.j]
# [0.+0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
z
(qubit)
Changes the state of a qubit by pi around the z-axis of a Bloch Sphere.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Pauli-Z gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.z(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[ 0.707+0.j]
# [ 0. +0.j]
# [-0.707+0.j]
# [ 0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
phase
(qubit, theta=numpy.pi/2)
Commits to a rotation around the z-axis based off of the inputted theta value.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Phase gate be applied to the quantum wire.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.phase(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0. +0.707j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
s
(qubit)
Is a Phase gate where the inputted theta value is given as a constant of theta = pi / 2.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Pauli-Z gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.s(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0. +0.707j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
sdg
(qubit)
Is a Phase gate and inverse of the S gate where the inputted theta value is given as a constant of theta = -pi / 2.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Sdg gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.sdg(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0. -0.707j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
t
(qubit)
T gate is a special use case gate that in implemented from the P Gate.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the T gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.t(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5 +0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
tdg
(qubit)
Tdg gate is a special use case gate that in implemented from the P Gate and is the inverse of the T gate.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Tdg gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.tdg(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5 -0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
rz
(qubit, theta=numpy.pi/2)
RZ gate commits a rotation around the z-axis for a qubit.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Rz gate be applied to the quantum wire.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around z-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.rz(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5-0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5+0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
ry
(qubit, theta=numpy.pi/2)
RY gate commits a rotation around the y-axis for a qubit.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Ry gate be applied to the quantum wire.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around y-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.ry(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]
# [0.707+0.j]
# [0. +0.j]]
QuantumCircuit.
rx
(qubit, theta=numpy.pi/2)
RX gate commits a rotation around the x-axis for a qubit.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Ry gate be applied to the quantum wire.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle of rotation around x-axis.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.rx(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.707+0.j ]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0. -0.707j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
sx
(qubit)
SX gate is the square root of the Inverse gate (X, PauliX Gate).
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the Sx gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.sx(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5+0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5-0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
sxdg
(qubit)
SXDG gate is the negative square root of the Inverse gate (X, PauliX Gate) and inverse of the SX gate.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the SXdg gate be applied to the quantum wire.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.sxdg(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5-0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5+0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
u
(qubit, theta=numpy.pi/2, phi=numpy.pi/2, lmbda=numpy.pi/2)
U gate is given three inputs (theta, phi, and lambda) that allow the inputs to manipulate the base matrix to allow for the position of the enacted qubit around the bloch sphere representation.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the U gate be applied to the quantum wire.
theta (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle representation to rotate the qubit's representation.
phi (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle representation to rotate the qubit's representation.
lmbda (float)
default: numpy.pi/2
- angle representation to rotate the qubit's representation.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.u(0)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.5-0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]
# [0.5+0.5j]
# [0. +0.j ]]
QuantumCircuit.
custom
(qubit, custom_matrix)
Will take in a custom single qubit quantum gate and implement it on a qubit.
Parameters:
qubit (int)
- the qubit to have the U gate be applied to the quantum wire.
custom_matrix (np.array)
- matrix to be applied to the quantum circuit.
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.QuantumGate import PauliX
qc = QuantumCircuit(2)
qc.custom(0, PauliX().matrix)
print(qc.state())
# [[0.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]
# [1.+0.j]
# [0.+0.j]]
Visualizer
A collection of classes to visualize the quantum circuit
class QCpy.Visualizer.QSphere(circuit)
Visualizes the quantum circuit as a q-sphere
Parameters:
circuit
- the quantum circuit
Attributes:
None
QSphere.
makeSphere
(path="qsphere.png", save=True, show=True, darkmode=True)
Returns a Q-Sphere that plots a global visualization of the quantum states in a 3D global view
Parameters:
path (str)
- name of the image to be saved
save (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be saved
show (bool)
- pass True for the sphere to be shown instead of saved
darkmode (bool)
- pass True for darkmode, false for lightmode
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.Visualizer import *
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.hadamard(2)
sphere_ex = QSphere(qc)
sphere_ex.makeSphere(save=False, show=True)
class QC.Visualizer.BlochSphere(circuit)
Visualizes the quantum state of a single qubit as a sphere
Parameters:
circuit
- the quantum circuit
Attributes:
None
BlochSphere.
makeSphere
(show_bit=0, path="qsphere.png", save=True, show=True, darkmode=True)
Returns a Bloch Sphere that plots the quantum state of a single qubit in a 3D global view
Parameters:
show_bit (int)
- the qubit on the circuit to be visualized, initialized as the 0th bit
path (str)
- name of the image to be saved
save (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be saved
show (bool)
- pass True for the sphere to be shown instead of saved
darkmode (bool)
- pass True for darkmode, false for lightmode
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.Visualizer import *
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.hadamard(2)
sphere_ex = BlochSphere(qc)
sphere_ex.makeSphere(show_bit=1, save=False, show=True)
class QCpy.Visualizer.StateVector(circuit)
Visualizes the quantum circuit's quantum amplitutes using a bar graph
Parameters:
circuit
- the quantum circuit
Attributes:
None
StateVector.
makeGraph
(path="statevector.png", save=True, show=True, darkmode=True)
Returns a graph that plots all the amplitudes of the qubits being measured
Parameters:
path (str)
- name of the image to be saved
save (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be saved
show (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be shown instead of saved
darkmode (bool)
- pass True for darkmode and false for lightmode
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.Visualizer import *
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.hadamard(2)
stateVector_ex = StateVector(qc)
stateVector_ex.makeGraph(save=False, show=True)
class QCpy.Visualizer.Probabilities(circuit)
Visualizes the quantum circuit's qubits probability of being measured using a bar graph
Parameters:
circuit
- the quantum circuit
Attributes:
None
Probabilities.
makeGraph
(path="probabilities.png", save=True, show=True, darkmode=True)
Returns a graph that plots all the probabilities of the qubits being measured
Parameters:
path (str)
- name of the image to be saved
save (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be saved
show (bool)
- pass True for the graph to be shown instead of saved
darkmode (bool)
- pass True for darkmode and false for lightmode
Returns:
None
Example:
from QCpy import QuantumCircuit
from QCpy.Visualizer import *
qc = QuantumCircuit(3)
qc.hadamard(0)
qc.hadamard(1)
qc.hadamard(2)
probabilities_ex = Probabilities(qc)
probabilities_ex.makeGraph(save=False, show=True)
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