roca-detect 1.2.3

Key fingerprinting tools

ROCA detection tool
===================

|Build Status|

This tool is related to `ACM CCS 2017 conference paper #124 Return of
the Coppersmith’s Attack: Practical Factorization of Widely Used RSA
Moduli <https://crocs.fi.muni.cz/public/papers/rsa_ccs17>`__.

It enables you to test public RSA keys for a presence of the described
vulnerability.

*Update 4.11.2017*: Python 2.7, 3.4+ supported.

*Update 30.10.2017*: The
`paper <https://crocs.fi.muni.cz/_media/public/papers/nemec_roca_ccs17_preprint.pdf>`__
of the attack is already online, `ACM
version <https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3133969>`__.

*Update 30.10.2017*: The discrete logarithm detector is now implemented
in the Python and used as a default. It detects the structure in the
primes exploited by the factorizing algorithm.

Currently the tool supports the following key formats:

- X509 Certificate, DER encoded, one per file, ``*.der``, ``*.crt``
- X509 Certificate, PEM encoded, more per file, ``*.pem``
- RSA PEM encoded private key, public key, more per file, ``*.pem``
(has to have correct header ``-----BEGIN RSA...``)
- SSH public key, ``*.pub``, starting with "ssh-rsa", one per line
- ASC encoded PGP key, ``*.pgp``, ``*.asc``. More per file, has to have
correct header ``-----BEGIN PGP...``
- APK android application, ``*.apk``
- one modulus per line text file ``*.txt``, modulus can be

a) base64 encoded number, b) hex coded number, c) decimal coded
number

- JSON file with moduli, one record per line, record with modulus has
key "mod" (int, base64, hex, dec encoding supported) certificate(s)
with key "cert" / array of certificates with key "certs" are
supported, base64 encoded DER.
- LDIFF file - LDAP database dump. Any field ending with ``;binary::``
is attempted to decode as X509 certificate
- Java Key Store file (JKS). Tries empty password & some common,
specify more with ``--jks-pass-file``
- PKCS7 signature with user certificate

The detection tool is intentionally one-file implementation for easy
integration / manipulation.

False positive
--------------

False positive detection rates:

- Moduli detector: 2^-27
- Discrete logarithm detector: 2^-157

Discrete logarithm detector is implemented only in the Python code, used
as the default detection method.

Java and C# code ports are unmaintained since the original publication
and we don't plan to upgrade these detectors to the more precise method.
However PR are welcome!

Online checker
--------------

https://keychest.net/roca

The online checker is using the discrete logarithm detector algorithm.

Install with pip
----------------

Install the detector library + tool with ``pip`` (installs all
dependencies):

::

pip install roca-detect

Local install
-------------

Execute in the root folder of the package:

::

pip install --upgrade --find-links=. .

Dependencies
------------

It may be required to install additional dependencies so ``pip`` can
install e.g. cryptography package.

CentOS / RHEL:

::

sudo yum install python-devel python-pip gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoreconf libtool openssl-devel libffi-devel dialog

Ubuntu:

::

sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev swig

Usage
-----

To print the basic usage:

::

# If installed with pip / manually
roca-detect --help

# Without installation (can miss dependencies)
python roca/detect.py

The testing tool accepts multiple file names / directories as the input
argument. It returns the report showing how many files has been
fingerprinted (and which are those).

**Example (no vulnerabilities found):**

Running recursively on all my SSH keys and known\_hosts:

.. raw:: html

<pre><code>
$> roca-detect ~/.ssh
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO ### SUMMARY ####################
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO Records tested: 92
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PEM certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. DER certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. RSA key files: . 16
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PGP master keys: 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PGP total keys: 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. SSH keys: . . . 76
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. APK keys: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. JSON keys: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. LDIFF certs: . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. JKS certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PKCS7: . . . . . 0
<b>2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO No fingerprinted keys found (OK)</b>
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO ################################
</code></pre>

**Example (vulnerabilities found):**

Running recursively on all my SSH keys and known\_hosts:

.. raw:: html

<pre><code>
$> roca-detect ~/.ssh
<b>2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] WARNING Fingerprint found in the Certificate</b>
...
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO ### SUMMARY ####################
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO Records tested: 92
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PEM certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. DER certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. RSA key files: . 16
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PGP master keys: 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PGP total keys: 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. SSH keys: . . . 76
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. APK keys: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. JSON keys: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. LDIFF certs: . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. JKS certs: . . . 0
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO .. PKCS7: . . . . . 0
<b>2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO Fingerprinted keys found: 1</b>
<b>2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO WARNING: Potential vulnerability</b>
2017-10-16 13:39:21 [51272] INFO ################################
</code></pre>

PGP key
-------

In order to test your PGP key you can export it from your email client
or download it from the PGP key server such as https://pgp.mit.edu/

You can also use ``gpg`` command line utility to export your public key:

.. code:: bash

gpg --armor --export [e-mail] > mykey.asc

Advanced use case
-----------------

Detection tool extracts information about the key which can be
displayed:

::

roca-detect.py --dump --flatten --indent ~/.ssh/

TLS/SSL detection
-----------------

The ``roca-detect-tls`` detects certificates from remote TLS/SSL ports.
Provide a file with a newline-delimited list of ``address:port`` entries
and use that file as input.

Example file: tls\_list.txt

::

github.com:443
google.com:443
internal.example.com:8080

Then run:

``roca-detect-tls tls_list.txt``

Fake moduli
-----------

It is possible to generate moduli that passes the moduli fingerprinting
test but actually do not contain structure the factorization algorithm
is using. Dlog moduli test do not mark those as positive.

Advanced installation methods
-----------------------------

Virtual environment
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is usually recommended to create a new python virtual environment for
the project:

::

virtualenv ~/pyenv
source ~/pyenv/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade --find-links=. .

Separate Python 2.7.13
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

We tested tool with Python 2.7.13 and it works (see Travis for more
info). We have reports saying lower versions (<=2.6) do not work
properly so we highly recommend using up to date Python 2.7

Use ``pyenv`` to install a new Python version locally if you cannot /
don't want to update system Python.

It internally downloads Python sources and installs it to ``~/.pyenv``.

::

git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec $SHELL
pyenv install 2.7.13
pyenv local 2.7.13

Python 3
~~~~~~~~

Detection tools works also with Python 3.4+

Docker container
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Run via Docker container to avoid environment inconsistency. Dockerfile
source can be audited at https://hub.docker.com/r/unnawut/roca-detect/.

::

docker run --rm -v /path/to/your/keys:/keys --network none unnawut/roca-detect

Make sure to use ``--rm`` and ``--network none`` flags to disable
container's network connection and delete the container after running.

Licensing
---------

Code is licensed under permissive MIT license.

As there were requests on dual licensing under Apache 2.0 license (due
to some doubts on compatibility) we are licensing the code also under
Apache 2.0 license.

Pick license that suits you better, either MIT or Apache 2.0.

Language ports
--------------

This section contains links to different GIT repositories with language
ports

- `Go <https://github.com/titanous/rocacheck>`__

.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/crocs-muni/roca.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/crocs-muni/roca