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An async web scraping micro-framework based on asyncio.

Project description

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Overview

An async web scraping micro-framework, written with asyncio and aiohttp, aims to make crawling url as convenient as possible.

Write less, run faster:

Features

  • Easy: Declarative programming

  • Fast: Powered by asyncio

  • Extensible: Middlewares and plugins

  • Powerful: JavaScript support

Installation

# For Linux & Mac
pip install -U ruia[uvloop]

# For Windows
pip install -U ruia

# New features
pip install git+https://github.com/howie6879/ruia

Tutorials

  1. Overview

  2. Installation

  3. Define Data Items

  4. Spider Control

  5. Request & Response

  6. Customize Middleware

  7. Write a Plugins

Usage

Item

Item can be used standalone, for testing, and for tiny crawlers, Create a file named item_demo.py

import asyncio

from ruia import AttrField, TextField, Item


class HackerNewsItem(Item):
    target_item = TextField(css_select='tr.athing')
    title = TextField(css_select='a.storylink')
    url = AttrField(css_select='a.storylink', attr='href')

async def main():
    async for item in HackerNewsItem.get_items(url="https://news.ycombinator.com/"):
        print(item.title, item.url)

if __name__ == '__main__':
     items = asyncio.run(main())

Run: python item_demo.py

Notorious ‘Hijack Factory’ Shunned from Web https://krebsonsecurity.com/2018/07/notorious-hijack-factory-shunned-from-web/
 ......

Spider Control

Spider is used for control requests better.

from ruia import AttrField, TextField, Item, Spider


class HackerNewsItem(Item):
    target_item = TextField(css_select='tr.athing')
    title = TextField(css_select='a.storylink')
    url = AttrField(css_select='a.storylink', attr='href')

    async def clean_title(self, value):
        """Define clean_* functions for data cleaning"""
        return value.strip()


class HackerNewsSpider(Spider):
    start_urls = [f'https://news.ycombinator.com/news?p={index}' for index in range(1, 3)]
    concurrency = 10

    async def parse(self, response):
        async for item in HackerNewsItem.get_items(html=response.html):
            yield item

if __name__ == '__main__':
    HackerNewsSpider.start()

More details click here

Run hacker_news_spider.py:

[2018-09-21 17:27:14,497]-ruia-INFO  spider::l54: Spider started!
[2018-09-21 17:27:14,502]-Request-INFO  request::l77: <GET: https://news.ycombinator.com/news?p=2>
[2018-09-21 17:27:14,527]-Request-INFO  request::l77: <GET: https://news.ycombinator.com/news?p=1>
[2018-09-21 17:27:16,388]-ruia-INFO  spider::l122: Stopping spider: ruia
[2018-09-21 17:27:16,389]-ruia-INFO  spider::l68: Total requests: 2
[2018-09-21 17:27:16,389]-ruia-INFO  spider::l71: Time usage: 0:00:01.891688
[2018-09-21 17:27:16,389]-ruia-INFO  spider::l72: Spider finished!

Custom middleware

ruia provides an easy way to customize requests.

The following middleware is based on the above example:

from ruia import Middleware

middleware = Middleware()


@middleware.request
async def print_on_request(request):
    request.metadata = {
        'url': request.url
    }
    print(f"request: {request.metadata}")
    # Just operate request object, and do not return anything.


@middleware.response
async def print_on_response(request, response):
    print(f"response: {response.metadata}")

# Add your spider here

More details click here

JavaScript Support

You can load js by using ruia-pyppeteer.

For example:

import asyncio

from ruia_pyppeteer import PyppeteerRequest as Request

request = Request("https://www.jianshu.com/", load_js=True)
response = asyncio.run(request.fetch()) # Python 3.7
print(response.html)

TODO

  • Cache for debug, to decreasing request limitation

  • Distributed crawling/scraping

Contribution

Ruia is still under developing, feel free to open issues and pull requests:

  • Report or fix bugs

  • Require or publish plugins

  • Write or fix documentation

  • Add test cases

Thanks

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