Selenium Client Driver

Introduction

Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.

The selenium package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.

Home:	https://selenium.dev
GitHub:	https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/Selenium
PyPI:	https://pypi.org/project/selenium
IRC/Slack:	https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom
Docs:	https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py
API Docs:	api.html

Updated documentation published with each commit is available at: readthedocs.io

Supported Python Versions

Python 3.9+

Supported Browsers

Several browsers are supported, as well as the Remote protocol:

Chrome
Edge
Firefox
Safari
WebKitGTK
WPEWebKit

Installing

Install or upgrade the Python bindings with pip <https://pip.pypa.io/>.

Latest official release:

pip install -U selenium

Nightly development release:

pip install -U --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple/ selenium

Note: you should consider using a virtual environment to create an isolated Python environment for installation.

Drivers

Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser (chromedriver, edgedriver, geckodriver, etc).

In older versions of Selenium, it was necessary to install and manage these drivers yourself. You had to make sure the driver executable was available on your system PATH, or specified explicitly in code. Modern versions of Selenium handle browser and driver installation for you with Selenium Manager. You generally don’t have to worry about driver installation or configuration now that it’s done for you when you instantiate a WebDriver. Selenium Manager works with most supported platforms and browsers. If it doesn’t meet your needs, you can still install and specify browsers and drivers yourself.

Links to some of the more popular browser drivers:

Chrome:	https://developer.chrome.com/docs/chromedriver
Edge:	https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver
Firefox:	https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver
Safari:	https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10

Example 0:

launch a new Chrome browser
load a web page
close the browser

from selenium import webdriver


driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://selenium.dev/')
driver.quit()

Example 1:

launch a new Chrome browser
load the Selenium documentation page
find the “Webdriver” link
click the “WebDriver” link
close the browser

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get('https://selenium.dev/documentation')
assert 'Selenium' in driver.title

elem = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'm-documentationwebdriver')
elem.click()
assert 'WebDriver' in driver.title

driver.quit()

Example 2:

Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is a simple example using Python’s standard unittest library:

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver


class GoogleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.addCleanup(self.driver.quit)

    def test_page_title(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.google.com')
        self.assertIn('Google', self.driver.title)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

Selenium Grid (optional)

For local Selenium scripts, the Java server is not needed.

To use Selenium remotely, you need to also run a Selenium Grid. For information on running Selenium Grid: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/getting_started/

To use Remote WebDriver see: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/drivers/remote_webdriver/?tab=python

Use The Source Luke!

View source code online:

Official:

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/py

Contributing

Fork the selenium repo

Clone your fork locally

Create a branch for your work

git checkout -b my-cool-branch-name

Create a virtual environment and install tox

python -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install tox

Make your changes

Run the linter/formatter

tox -e linting

If tox exits 0, commit and push. Otherwise, fix the newly introduced style violations

Submit a Pull Request

Metadata

Release files for selenium 4.35.0

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for selenium 4.35.0
File	Size	Uploaded
selenium-4.35.0.tar.gz	908.0 kB	Aug 12, 2025	Details

Built distribution (wheel)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for selenium 4.35.0
File	Interpreter	ABI	Platform	Reset
selenium-4.35.0-py3-none-any.whl 9.6 MB Aug 12, 2025	Python 3	none	any	Details

Total release size: 10.5 MB

Release files / selenium-4.35.0.tar.gz

Download URL	selenium-4.35.0.tar.gz
Size	908.0 kB
Tags	Source
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`83937a538afb40ef01e384c1405c0863fa184c26c759d34a1ebbe7b925d3481c`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`75679016942b5781843cfea6f5bc1383cea852d9fa08f85f55a0547874525b5c`
Upload date	Aug 12, 2025
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.9.23`

Release files / selenium-4.35.0-py3-none-any.whl

Download URL	selenium-4.35.0-py3-none-any.whl
Size	9.6 MB
Tags	Python 3
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums	`90bb6c6091fa55805785cf1660fa1e2176220475ccdb466190f654ef8eef6114`
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums	`17efd0e033e1b3f19a0325ce03863b68d709780908381135fc0f9436dea76a7b`
Upload date	Aug 12, 2025
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing?	No
Uploaded via	`twine/6.1.0 CPython/3.9.23`