sgex 0.5.2

Sketch Grammar Explorer (Sketch Engine API wrapper)

Sketch Grammar Explorer

• Sketch Grammar Explorer
  • Introduction
  • Setup
  • Making API calls
    • Saving results
    • Input files
  • Features
  • Notes
  • About
  • Citation

Introduction

Sketch Grammar Explorer (SGEX) is a Python package for using the Sketch Engine API. The goal is to develop a flexible scaffold for any kind of programmatic work with Sketch Engine and NoSketch Engine.

Setup

Built with Python 3.10 and tested on 3.7.

Installation

• get a Sketch Engine API key (if using their server)

Install SGEX with pip:

• pip install sgex

Or manually:

• clone this repo
• install dependencies:
  • current versions pip install -r requirements.txt
  • required pip install requests pyyaml
  • optional pip install keyring pandas openpyxl lxml

API credentials

To configure SGEX, either run the code below or manually copy the example config file to your preferred directory.

import sgex
sgex.Call(sgex.call_examples)

The config file contains API credentials and other settings for servers. Before making calls to a server, set up your credentials:

• if a server requires credentials, add a username and API key
• API keys can also be managed in the OS keyring with sgex.config.keyring_add_key() and sgex.config.keyring_delete_key() (in this case add a username in the config file and leave api_key as null or blank)

The default config file includes two servers: for Sketch Engine and a local NoSketch Engine installation. Add more as needed.

Making API calls

To get started using example calls, generate an example input file by running sgex.Parse(sgex.call_examples, "examples.yml"). To make calls, run sgex.Call() with input="examples.yml" or another input file. Use the options below to make dry runs, set the server, etc.

import sgex

sgex.Parse(sgex.call_examples, "examples.yml")
job = sgex.Call("examples.yml")

Options

input a dictionary or path to a YAML/JSON file containing API calls

output save to sqlite (default sgex.db) or files: json, csv, xlsx, xml, txt

dry_run (False)

skip skip calls when a hash of the same parameters already exists in sqlite (True)

clear remove existing data before calls (sqlite table or data/raw/) (False)

server select a server from config.yml ("ske")

threads for asynchronous calling (None for default, otherwise an integer)

loglevel ("info") outputs to .sgex.log

Saving results

Retrieved API data is stored in sqlite databases in data/. The default database is sgex.db; new databases are created when other filenames are supplied (always use the .db extension).

API responses can also be saved directly to data/raw/ in supported file types (JSON, CSV, XLSX, TXT, XML) using output="csv", etc. This will overwrite pre-existing data. JSON is the standard format for SkE and the only one with error reporting.

Support for other formats generally depends on the shape of the data: e.g., view requires JSON and freqs accepts all file types. Additionally, NoSketch Engine servers may not output XLSX and can't use some call types (e.g., word sketch).

Input files

SGEX call structure

One or more calls can be executed by creating an input file readable by SGEX that contains API calls in the form dictionaries of parameters.

• the key of each call serves as an id ("call0")
• call types (frequency, concordance, etc.) are defined with "type"
• each call has a dictionary of API parameters in "call"
• calls can optionally contain metadata in "meta"
• "keep" can be used to save only a portion of response data (JSON only)

The call below queries the lemma "rock" in the EcoLexicon English Corpus and retrieves frequencies by several text types.

YAML

Queries can be copied directly from YAML files into Sketch Engine's browser application without adding/removing escape characters.

call0:
  type: freqs
  meta:
    category1: tag1
  call:
    q:
    - alemma,"rock"
    corpname: preloaded/ecolexicon_en
    freq_sort: freq
    fcrit:
    - doc.domains 0
    - doc.genre 0
    - doc.editor 0

JSON

JSON requires consistent usage of double quotes and escape characters:

• interior double quotes escaped "alemma,\"rock\"", "aword,\"it's\""
• double-escaping for special characters: "atag,1:\"N.*\" [word=\",|\\(\"]

{ "call0": {
    "type": "freqs",
    "meta": {
      "category1": "tag1"
    },
    "call":{
      "q": [
        "alemma,\"rock\""
      ],
      "corpname": "preloaded/ecolexicon_en",
      "freq_sort": "freq",
      "fcrit": [
        "doc.domains 0",
        "doc.genre 0",
        "doc.editor 0"]}}}

Features

Recycling parameters

Parameters are reused unless defined explicitly in every call. For example, the job below contains three similar calls. Instead of writing out every parameter for each, only the first call is complete. The proceeding calls only contain new parameters to define.

Parameters can be passed through sequential calls of the same type. If type appears in a new call, nothing is reused. When parameters are part of a dictionary, its items are passed individually, whereas strings, lists, and other data types are replaced.

call0:
  type: freqs
  call:
    q:
    - alemma,"rock"
    corpname: preloaded/ecolexicon_en
    freq_sort: freq
    fcrit:
    - doc.domains 0

call1:
  call:
    q:
    - alemma,"stone"

call2:
  call:
    q:
    - alemma,"pebble"

Skipping repeats

If skip=True, a call won't be repeated when an identical call has already been made for a sqlite database. Repeats are identified using hashes of call dictionaries. If the contents of "call" change at all (even one character), they are considered unique calls. If skip=False, existing data is replaced when a new call has the same hash. Metadata does not affect hashes or call skipping.

Asynchronous calling

For local servers, asynchronous calling can increase performance substantially. Enable it by adding asynchronous: True to a server's details in config.yml. By default, the number of threads adjusts according to the number of CPUs available (see max_workers for concurrent.futures). In this mode a job must finish before responses are saved.

Discarding unwanted data with keep

SGEX saves the entire response for each API call by default. Instead, keep can be used to specify what JSON data to save. For example, if keep="concsize" is set for freqs calls, only the absolute frequency is kept and the rest of the response is discarded. keep only works for top-level items, not nested data.

Server wait times

Servers may require waiting between calls. SGEX automatically manages waiting for the Sketch Engine server using their Fair Use Policy guidelines. If a custom server requires waiting, this can be enabled by adding a wait entry in the config file, like below:

ske:         # server name
  wait:      # wait dictionary (measured in seconds)
  0: 1       # wait = 0 for 1 call
  2: 99      # wait = 2 for 2-99 calls
  5: 899     # wait = 5 for 100-899 calls
  45: null   # wait = 45 for 900 or more calls

Notes

Working with different call types

Each call type, freqs (frequencies), view (concordance), wsketch (word sketch), etc., has its own parameters and requirements: parameters are not interchangeable between call types but do share similarities.

Too many requests

Sketch Engine monitors API activity and will block excessive calls or other activity outside of their FUP. While learning the API, test calls selectively, slowly, and avoid repeated identical calls.

API usage

To learn more about the API, it's helpful to inspect network activity while making queries in Sketch Engine with a web browser (using Developer Tools). Importantly, Sketch Engine has internal API methods that only function in web browsers, so merely copy-pasting certain methods into SGEX won't necessarily work. Sketch Engine's API is also actively developed and syntax/functionalities may change.

Double-checking accuracy

Before relying heavily on the API, it's a good idea to practice trying the same queries both in a web browser and via API to make sure the results are identical.

Saving and converting calls

Parse() is used to read API calls, but it can save call dictionaries and convert them to/from JSON and YAML files. Use dest="<filepath>" to save an object to file with the desired format.

Logging and error handling

• a bad response stops jobs immediately
• API errors are tracked when output="json" or a sqlite database
• summary() fetches job details from Call objects

Logging levels print the following information:

• critical - nothing
• error - TBD
• warning - each API error with its call id
• info - summary of a job and any API errors
• debug - everything

About

SGEX has been developed to meet research needs at the University of Granada (Spain) Translation and Interpreting Department, in part to support the computational linguistics techniques that feed the EcoLexicon terminological knowledge base (see the articles here and here for an introduction).

The name refers to sketch grammars, which are series of generalized corpus queries in Sketch Engine that are useful for studying terminology and other lexical items (see their bibliography).

Questions, suggestions, and support are welcome.

Citation

If you use SGEX, please cite it.