tableone 0.7.7

TableOne

tableone is a package for creating “Table 1” summary statistics for a patient population. It was inspired by the R package of the same name by Yoshida and Bohn.

Documentation

Documentation is available on readthedocs. An executable demonstration of the package is available on GitHub as a Jupyter Notebook. The easiest way to try out this notebook is to open it in Google Colaboratory.

Suggested citation

If you use tableone in your study, please cite the following paper:

Tom J Pollard, Alistair E W Johnson, Jesse D Raffa, Roger G Mark;
tableone: An open source Python package for producing summary statistics
for research papers, JAMIA Open, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1 July 2018, Pages 26–31,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy012

Download the BibTex file from: https://academic.oup.com/jamiaopen/downloadcitation/5001910?format=bibtex

A note for users of tableone

While we have tried to use best practices in creating this package, automation of even basic statistical tasks can be unsound if done without supervision. We encourage use of tableone alongside other methods of descriptive statistics and, in particular, visualization to ensure appropriate data handling.

It is beyond the scope of our documentation to provide detailed guidance on summary statistics, but as a primer we provide some considerations for choosing parameters when creating a summary table in our documentation.

Guidance should be sought from a statistician when using `tableone` for a research study, especially prior to submitting the study for publication.

Overview

At a high level, you can use the package as follows:

• Import the data into a pandas DataFrame

• Run tableone on this dataframe to output summary statistics

• Specify your desired output format: text, latex, markdown, etc.

Additional options include:

• Select a subset of columns.

• Specify the data type (e.g. categorical, numerical, nonnormal).

• Compute p-values, and adjust for multiple testing (e.g. with the Bonferroni correction).

• Compute standardized mean differences (SMDs).

• Provide a list of alternative labels for variables

• Limit the output of categorical variables to the top N rows.

• Display remarks relating to the appopriateness of summary measures (for example, computing tests for multimodality and normality).

Installation

To install the package with pip, run:

pip install tableone

To install this package with conda, run:

conda install -c conda-forge tableone

Example

1. Import libraries:

   from tableone import TableOne, load_dataset
   import pandas as pd

2. Load sample data into a pandas dataframe:

   data=load_dataset('pn2012')

3. Optionally, a list of columns to be included in Table 1:

   columns = ['age','bili','albumin','ast','platelet','protime',
          'ascites','hepato','spiders','edema','sex', 'trt']

4. Optionally, a list of columns containing categorical variables:

   categorical = ['ascites','hepato','edema','sex','spiders','trt']

5. Optionally, a categorical variable for stratification and a list of non-normal variables:

   groupby = 'trt'
   nonnormal = ['bili']

6. Create an instance of TableOne with the input arguments:

   mytable = TableOne(data, columns=columns, categorical=categorical,
                      groupby=groupby, nonnormal=nonnormal)

7. Display the table using the tabulate method. The tablefmt argument allows the table to be displayed in multiple formats, including “github”, “grid”, “fancy_grid”, “rst”, “html”, and “latex”.:

   print(mytable.tabulate(tablefmt="github"))

8. …which prints the following table to screen:

   Stratified by trt
                          1.0                2.0                 missing
   ---------------------  -----------------  -----------------  --------
   n                      158                154                     106
   time (mean (std))      2015.62 (1094.12)  1996.86 (1155.93)         0
   age (mean (std))       51.42 (11.01)      48.58 (9.96)              0
   bili (median [IQR])    1.40 [0.80,3.20]   1.30 [0.72,3.60]          0
   chol (mean (std))      365.01 (209.54)    373.88 (252.48)         134
   albumin (mean (std))   3.52 (0.44)        3.52 (0.40)               0
   copper (mean (std))    97.64 (90.59)      97.65 (80.49)           108
   alk.phos (mean (std))  2021.30 (2183.44)  1943.01 (2101.69)       106
   ast (mean (std))       120.21 (54.52)     124.97 (58.93)          106
   trig (mean (std))      124.14 (71.54)     125.25 (58.52)          136
   platelet (mean (std))  258.75 (100.32)    265.20 (90.73)           11
   protime (mean (std))   10.65 (0.85)       10.80 (1.14)              2
   status (n (%))                                                      0
   0                      83 (52.53)         85 (55.19)
   1                      10 (6.33)          9 (5.84)
   2                      65 (41.14)         60 (38.96)
   ascites (n (%))                                                   106
   0.0                    144 (91.14)        144 (93.51)
   1.0                    14 (8.86)          10 (6.49)
   hepato (n (%))                                                    106
   0.0                    85 (53.80)         67 (43.51)
   1.0                    73 (46.20)         87 (56.49)
   spiders (n (%))                                                   106
   0.0                    113 (71.52)        109 (70.78)
   1.0                    45 (28.48)         45 (29.22)
   edema (n (%))                                                       0
   0.0                    132 (83.54)        131 (85.06)
   0.5                    16 (10.13)         13 (8.44)
   1.0                    10 (6.33)          10 (6.49)
   stage (n (%))                                                       6
   1.0                    12 (7.59)          4 (2.60)
   2.0                    35 (22.15)         32 (20.78)
   3.0                    56 (35.44)         64 (41.56)
   4.0                    55 (34.81)         54 (35.06)
   sex (n (%))                                                         0
   f                      137 (86.71)        139 (90.26)
   m                      21 (13.29)         15 (9.74)

9. Compute p values by setting the pval argument to True:

   mytable = TableOne(data, columns=columns, categorical=categorical,
                      groupby=groupby, nonnormal=nonnormal, pval=True)

10. …which prints:

    Stratified by trt
                           1.0                2.0                 missing  pval    test
    ---------------------  -----------------  -----------------  --------  ------  --------------
    n                      158                154                     106
    time (mean (std))      2015.62 (1094.12)  1996.86 (1155.93)         0  0.883   One_way_ANOVA
    age (mean (std))       51.42 (11.01)      48.58 (9.96)              0  0.018   One_way_ANOVA
    bili (median [IQR])    1.40 [0.80,3.20]   1.30 [0.72,3.60]          0  0.842   Kruskal-Wallis
    chol (mean (std))      365.01 (209.54)    373.88 (252.48)         134  0.748   One_way_ANOVA
    albumin (mean (std))   3.52 (0.44)        3.52 (0.40)               0  0.874   One_way_ANOVA
    copper (mean (std))    97.64 (90.59)      97.65 (80.49)           108  0.999   One_way_ANOVA
    alk.phos (mean (std))  2021.30 (2183.44)  1943.01 (2101.69)       106  0.747   One_way_ANOVA
    ast (mean (std))       120.21 (54.52)     124.97 (58.93)          106  0.460   One_way_ANOVA
    trig (mean (std))      124.14 (71.54)     125.25 (58.52)          136  0.886   One_way_ANOVA
    platelet (mean (std))  258.75 (100.32)    265.20 (90.73)           11  0.555   One_way_ANOVA
    protime (mean (std))   10.65 (0.85)       10.80 (1.14)              2  0.197   One_way_ANOVA
    status (n (%))                                                      0  0.894   Chi-squared
    0                      83 (52.53)         85 (55.19)
    1                      10 (6.33)          9 (5.84)
    2                      65 (41.14)         60 (38.96)
    ascites (n (%))                                                   106  0.567   Chi-squared
    0.0                    144 (91.14)        144 (93.51)
    1.0                    14 (8.86)          10 (6.49)
    hepato (n (%))                                                    106  0.088   Chi-squared
    0.0                    85 (53.80)         67 (43.51)
    1.0                    73 (46.20)         87 (56.49)
    spiders (n (%))                                                   106  0.985   Chi-squared
    0.0                    113 (71.52)        109 (70.78)
    1.0                    45 (28.48)         45 (29.22)
    edema (n (%))                                                       0  0.877   Chi-squared
    0.0                    132 (83.54)        131 (85.06)
    0.5                    16 (10.13)         13 (8.44)
    1.0                    10 (6.33)          10 (6.49)
    stage (n (%))                                                       6  0.201   Chi-squared
    1.0                    12 (7.59)          4 (2.60)
    2.0                    35 (22.15)         32 (20.78)
    3.0                    56 (35.44)         64 (41.56)
    4.0                    55 (34.81)         54 (35.06)
    sex (n (%))                                                         0  0.421   Chi-squared
    f                      137 (86.71)        139 (90.26)
    m                      21 (13.29)         15 (9.74)

11. Tables can be exported to file in various formats, including LaTeX, CSV, and HTML. Files are exported by calling the to_format method on the DataFrame. For example, mytable can be exported to an Excel spreadsheet named ‘mytable.xlsx’ with the following command:

    mytable.to_excel('mytable.xlsx')