taospy 2.5.1

TDengine connector for python

TDengine Connector for Python

TDengine connector for Python enables python programs to access TDengine, using an API which is compliant with the Python DB API 2.0 (PEP-249). It contains two modules:

1. The taos module. It uses TDengine C client library for client server communications.
2. The taosrest module. It wraps TDengine RESTful API to Python DB API 2.0 (PEP-249). With this module, you are free to install TDengine C client library.

Install

You can use pip to install the connector from PyPI:

pip install taospy

Or with git url:

pip install git+https://github.com/taosdata/taos-connector-python.git

Source Code

TDengine connector for Python source code is hosted on GitHub.

Examples for taosws Module

Query with PEP-249 API using taosws

import taosws

# all parameters are optional
conn = taosws.connect("taosws://root:taosdata@localhost:6041")
cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("show databases")
results: list[tuple] = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
    print(row)

Query with query method using taosws

from taosws import *

conn = connect("taosws://root:taosdata@localhost:6041")
result = conn.query("show databases")

num_of_fields = result.field_count
for field in result.fields:
    print(field)

for row in result:
    print(row)

Read with Pandas using taosws

Method one

import pandas
import taosws

conn = taosws.connect("taosws://root:taosdata@localhost:6041")
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("show databases", conn)
df

Method Two

import pandas
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("taosws://root:taosdata@localhost:6041")
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("show databases", engine)
df

Examples for taosrest Module

Query with PEP-249 API

import taosrest

# all parameters are optional
conn = taosrest.connect(url="http://localhost:6041",
                        user="root",
                        password="taosdata")
cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("show databases")
results: list[tuple] = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
    print(row)

Query with query method

from taosrest import connect, TaosRestConnection, Result

conn: TaosRestConnection = connect()
result: Result = conn.query("show databases")

num_of_fields = result.field_count
for field in result.fields:
    print(field)

for row in result:
    print(row)

Read with Pandas

Method one

import pandas
import taos

conn = taos.connect()
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("select * from log.logs", conn)

Method two

import pandas
import taosrest

conn = taosrest.connect()
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("select * from log.logs", conn)

Method three

import pandas
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("taosrest://root:taosdata@localhost:6041")
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("select * from log.logs", engine)

Examples for taos Module

Connect options

Supported config options:

• config: TDengine client configuration directory, by default use "/etc/taos/".
• host: TDengine server host, by default use "localhost".
• user: TDengine user name, default is "root".
• password: TDengine user password, default is "taosdata".
• database: Default connection database name, empty if not set.
• timezone: Timezone for timestamp type (which is datetime object with tzinfo in python) no matter what the host's timezone is.

import taos

# 1. with empty options, connect TDengine by default options
#   that means:
#     - use /etc/taos/taos.cfg as default configuration file
#     - use "localhost" if not set in config file
#     - use "root" as default username
#     - use "taosdata" as default password
#     - use 6030 as default port if not set in config file
#     - use local timezone datetime as timestamp
conn = taos.connect()
# 2. with full set options, default db: log, use UTC datetime.
conn = taos.connect(host='localhost',
                    user='root',
                    password='taosdata',
                    database='log',
                    config='/etc/taos',
                    timezone='UTC')

Note that, the datetime formatted string will contain timezone information when timezone set. For example:

# without timezone(local timezone depends on your machine)
'1969-12-31 16:00:00'
# with timezone UTC
'1969-12-31 16:00:00+00:00'

Query with PEP-249 API

import taos

conn = taos.connect()
cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("show databases")
results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
    print(row)

cursor.close()
conn.close()

Query with objective API

import taos

conn = taos.connect()
conn.execute("create database if not exists pytest")

result = conn.query("show databases")
num_of_fields = result.field_count
for field in result.fields:
    print(field)

for row in result:
    print(row)

result.close()
conn.execute("drop database pytest")
conn.close()

Query with async API

from taos import *
from ctypes import *
import time


def fetch_callback(p_param, p_result, num_of_rows):
    print("fetched ", num_of_rows, "rows")
    p = cast(p_param, POINTER(Counter))
    result = TaosResult(p_result)

    if num_of_rows == 0:
        print("fetching completed")
        p.contents.done = True
        result.close()
        return

    if num_of_rows < 0:
        p.contents.done = True
        result.check_error(num_of_rows)
        result.close()
        return None

    for row in result.rows_iter(num_of_rows):
        # print(row)
        None

    p.contents.count += result.row_count
    result.fetch_rows_a(fetch_callback, p_param)


def query_callback(p_param, p_result, code):
    # type: (c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int) -> None
    if p_result is None:
        return

    result = TaosResult(p_result)
    if code == 0:
        result.fetch_rows_a(fetch_callback, p_param)

    result.check_error(code)


class Counter(Structure):
    _fields_ = [("count", c_int), ("done", c_bool)]

    def __str__(self):
        return "{ count: %d, done: %s }" % (self.count, self.done)


def test_query(conn):
    # type: (TaosConnection) -> None
    counter = Counter(count=0)
    conn.query_a("select * from log.log", query_callback, byref(counter))

    while not counter.done:
        print("wait query callback")
        time.sleep(1)

    print(counter)
    conn.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_query(connect())

Statement API - Bind row after row

from taos import *

conn = connect()

dbname = "pytest_taos_stmt"
conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
conn.execute("create database if not exists %s" % dbname)
conn.select_db(dbname)

conn.execute(
    "create table if not exists log(ts timestamp, bo bool, nil tinyint, \
        ti tinyint, si smallint, ii int, bi bigint, tu tinyint unsigned, \
        su smallint unsigned, iu int unsigned, bu bigint unsigned, \
        ff float, dd double, bb binary(100), nn nchar(100), tt timestamp)",
)

stmt = conn.statement("insert into log values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)")

params = new_bind_params(16)
params[0].timestamp(1626861392589)
params[1].bool(True)
params[2].tinyint(None)
params[3].tinyint(2)
params[4].smallint(3)
params[5].int(4)
params[6].bigint(5)
params[7].tinyint_unsigned(6)
params[8].smallint_unsigned(7)
params[9].int_unsigned(8)
params[10].bigint_unsigned(9)
params[11].float(10.1)
params[12].double(10.11)
params[13].binary("hello")
params[14].nchar("stmt")
params[15].timestamp(1626861392589)
stmt.bind_param(params)

params[0].timestamp(1626861392590)
params[15].timestamp(None)
stmt.bind_param(params)
stmt.execute()

assert stmt.affected_rows == 2

result = conn.query("select * from log")

for row in result:
    print(row)

Statement API - Bind multi rows

from taos import *

conn = connect()

dbname = "pytest_taos_stmt"
conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
conn.execute("create database if not exists %s" % dbname)
conn.select_db(dbname)

conn.execute(
    "create table if not exists log(ts timestamp, bo bool, nil tinyint, \
        ti tinyint, si smallint, ii int, bi bigint, tu tinyint unsigned, \
        su smallint unsigned, iu int unsigned, bu bigint unsigned, \
        ff float, dd double, bb binary(100), nn nchar(100), tt timestamp)",
)

stmt = conn.statement("insert into log values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)")

params = new_multi_binds(16)
params[0].timestamp((1626861392589, 1626861392590, 1626861392591))
params[1].bool((True, None, False))
params[2].tinyint([-128, -128, None])  # -128 is tinyint null
params[3].tinyint([0, 127, None])
params[4].smallint([3, None, 2])
params[5].int([3, 4, None])
params[6].bigint([3, 4, None])
params[7].tinyint_unsigned([3, 4, None])
params[8].smallint_unsigned([3, 4, None])
params[9].int_unsigned([3, 4, None])
params[10].bigint_unsigned([3, 4, None])
params[11].float([3, None, 1])
params[12].double([3, None, 1.2])
params[13].binary(["abc", "dddafadfadfadfadfa", None])
params[14].nchar(["涛思数据", None, "a long string with 中文字符"])
params[15].timestamp([None, None, 1626861392591])
stmt.bind_param_batch(params)
stmt.execute()

assert stmt.affected_rows == 3

result = conn.query("select * from log")
for row in result:
    print(row)

Subscription

import taos
import random

conn = taos.connect()
dbname = "pytest_taos_subscribe"
conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
conn.execute("create database if not exists %s" % dbname)
conn.select_db(dbname)
conn.execute("create table if not exists log(ts timestamp, n int)")
for i in range(10):
    conn.execute("insert into log values(now, %d)" % i)

sub = conn.subscribe(False, "test", "select * from log", 1000)
print("# consume from begin")
for ts, n in sub.consume():
    print(ts, n)

print("# consume new data")
for i in range(5):
    conn.execute("insert into log values(now, %d)(now+1s, %d)" % (i, i))
    result = sub.consume()
    for ts, n in result:
        print(ts, n)

sub.close(True)
print("# keep progress consume")
sub = conn.subscribe(False, "test", "select * from log", 1000)
result = sub.consume()
rows = result.fetch_all()
# consume from latest subscription needs root privilege(for /var/lib/taos).
assert result.row_count == 0
print("## consumed ", len(rows), "rows")

print("# consume with a stop condition")
for i in range(10):
    conn.execute("insert into log values(now, %d)" % random.randint(0, 10))
    result = sub.consume()
    try:
        ts, n = next(result)
        print(ts, n)
        if n > 5:
            result.stop_query()
            print("## stopped")
            break
    except StopIteration:
        continue

sub.close()
# sub.close()

conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
# conn.close()

Subscription asynchronously with callback

from taos import *
from ctypes import *

import time


def subscribe_callback(p_sub, p_result, p_param, errno):
    # type: (c_void_p, c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int) -> None
    print("# fetch in callback")
    result = TaosResult(c_void_p(p_result))
    result.check_error(errno)
    for row in result.rows_iter():
        ts, n = row()
        print(ts, n)


def test_subscribe_callback(conn):
    # type: (TaosConnection) -> None
    dbname = "pytest_taos_subscribe_callback"
    try:
        print("drop if exists")
        conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
        print("create database")
        conn.execute("create database if not exists %s" % dbname)
        print("create table")
        # conn.execute("use %s" % dbname)
        conn.execute("create table if not exists %s.log(ts timestamp, n int)" % dbname)

        print("# subscribe with callback")
        sub = conn.subscribe(False, "test", "select * from %s.log" % dbname, 1000, subscribe_callback)

        for i in range(10):
            conn.execute("insert into %s.log values(now, %d)" % (dbname, i))
            time.sleep(0.7)

        sub.close()

        conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
        # conn.close()
    except Exception as err:
        conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
        # conn.close()
        raise err


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_subscribe_callback(connect())

Insert with line protocol

import taos
from taos import SmlProtocol, SmlPrecision

conn = taos.connect()
dbname = "pytest_line"
conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)
conn.execute("create database if not exists %s precision 'us'" % dbname)
conn.select_db(dbname)

lines = [
    'st,t1=3i64,t2=4f64,t3="t3" c1=3i64,c3=L"pass",c2=false,c4=4f64 1626006833639000000',
]
conn.schemaless_insert(lines, taos.SmlProtocol.LINE_PROTOCOL, taos.SmlPrecision.NOT_CONFIGURED)
print("inserted")

conn.schemaless_insert(lines, taos.SmlProtocol.LINE_PROTOCOL, taos.SmlPrecision.NOT_CONFIGURED)

result = conn.query("show tables")
for row in result:
    print(row)

conn.execute("drop database if exists %s" % dbname)

Read with Pandas

Method one

import pandas
import taos

conn = taos.connect()
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("select * from log.logs", conn)

Method Two

import pandas
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("taos://root:taosdata@localhost:6030/log")
df: pandas.DataFrame = pandas.read_sql("select * from logs", engine)

Limitation

• taosrest is designed to use with taosAdapter. If your TDengine version is older than v2.4.0.0, taosAdapter may not be available.

License

We use MIT license for Python connector.