Python OOP Templating System

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TemPy

TemPy Logo

Fast Object-Oriented HTML templating With Python!

What?

Build HTML without writing a single tag. TemPy dynamically generates HTML and accesses it in a pure Python, or jQuery fashion. Navigating the DOM, and manipulating tags is also possible in a Python and/or jQuery-similar syntax.

Why?

HTML is like SQL. We all use it, we all know how it works, and we all recognize its importance. Our biggest dream is to never write a single line of it again. For SQL we have ORMs, but we are not there yet for HTML. Templating systems are awesome (Python syntax in HTML code), but they are not awesome enough because you still have to write HTML. Thus the idea of TemPy emerged!

Weeeeeeee!

No parsing and a simple structure makes TemPy incredibly fast. TemPy simply adds HTML tags around your data, and the actual HTML string exists only at render time.

Read the full documentation here: https://hrabal.github.io/TemPy/

Build, manipulate, and navigate HTML documents, with no HTML involved.

Overview:

Building the DOM, basic usage
Building separate blocks, nesting and re-usability
OOT - Object-Oriented Templating
TemPy REPR, set and forget
DOM elements API, change your page dynamically
DOM navigation, it's a tree!
Tag attributes, it's a tag!

Usage

Installation

TemPy is available on PyPi: pip3 install tem-py.

Or clone/download this repository, and run python3 setup.py install

Building the DOM

Basic Usage

TemPy offers clean syntax for building pages in pure python:

from tempy.tags import Html, Head, Body, Meta, Link, Div, P, A
my_text_list = ['This is Foo.', 'This is Bar.', 'Have you met my friend Baz?']
another_list = ['Lorem ipsum ', 'dolor sit amet, ', 'consectetur adipiscing elit']

# make tags instantiating TemPy objects
page = Html()(  # add tags inside the one you created calling the parent
    Head()(  # add multiple tags in one call
        Meta(charset='utf-8'),  # add tag attributes using kwargs in tag initialization
        Link(href="my.css", typ="text/css", rel="stylesheet")
    ),
    body=Body()(  # give them a name so you can navigate the DOM with those names
        Div(klass='linkBox')(
            A(href='www.foo.com')
        ),
        (P()(text) for text in my_text_list),  # tag insertion accepts generators
        another_list  # add text from a list, str.join is used in rendering
    )
)

# add tags and content later
page[1][0](A(href='www.bar.com'))  # calling the tag
page[1][0].append(A(href='www.baz.com'))  # using the API
link = A().append_to(page.body[0]) # access the body as if it's a page attribute
page.body(testDiv=Div()) # WARNING! Correct ordering with named Tag insertion is ensured with Python >= 3.5 (because kwargs are ordered)
link.attr(href='www.python.org')('This is a link to Python.') # Add attributes and content to already placed tags

page.render()
>>> <html>
>>>     <head>
>>>         <meta charset="utf-8"/>
>>>         <link href="my.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
>>>     </head>
>>>     <body>
>>>         <div class="linkBox">
>>>             <a href="www.foo.com">www.foo.com</a>
>>>             <a href="www.bar.com">www.bar.com</a>
>>>             <a href="www.baz.com">www.baz.com</a>
>>>             <a href="www.python.org">This is a link to Python.</a>
>>>         </div>
>>>         <p>This is Foo.</p>
>>>         <p>This is Bar.</p>
>>>         <p>Have you met my friend Baz?</p>
>>>         Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit
>>>         <div></div>
>>>     </body>
>>> </html>

Building Blocks

You can also create blocks, and put them together using the manipulation API. Each TemPy object can be used later inside another TemPy object:

# --- file: base_elements.py
from somewhere import links, foot_imgs
# define some common blocks
header = Div(klass='header')(title=Div()('My website'), logo=Img(src='img.png'))
menu = Div(klass='menu')(Li()(A(href=link)) for link in links)
footer = Div(klass='coolFooterClass')(Img(src=img) for img in foot_imgs)

# --- file: pages.py
from base_elements import header, menu, footer

# import the common blocks and use them inside your page
home_page = Html()(Head(), body=Body()(header, menu, content='Hello world.', footer=footer))
content_page = Html()(Head(), body=Body()(header, menu, container=Div(klass='container'), footer=footer))

# --- file: my_controller.py
from tempy.tags import Div
from pages import home_page, content_page

@controller_framework_decorator
def my_home_controller(url='/'):
    return home_page.render()

@controller_framework_decorator
def my_content_controller(url='/content'):
    content = Div()('This is my content!')
    return content_page.body.container.append(content).render()

OOT - Object-Oriented Templating

TemPy is designed to provide Object-Oriented Templating. You can subclass TemPy classes, and add custom HTML tree structures to use as blocks.

from tempy.widgets import TempyPage

class BasePage(TempyPage):
    def js(self):
        return [
            Script(src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"),
        ]

    def css(self):
        return [
            Link(href=url_for('static', filename='style.css'),
                 rel="stylesheet",
                 typ="text/css"),
            Link(href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:300',
                 rel="stylesheet"),
            Link(href=url_for('static',
                              filename='/resources/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css'),
                 rel="stylesheet"),
        ]

    # Define the init method as a constructor of your block structure
    def init(self):
        self.head(self.css(), self.js())
        self.body(
            container=Div(id='container')(
                title=Div(id='title')(
                    Div(id='page_title')(A(href='/')('MySite')),
                    menu=self.make_menu('MAIN')
                ),
                content=Div(id='content')(Hr())
            )
        )

    # Your subclass can have its own methods like any other class
    def make_menu(self, typ):
        return Div(klass='menu')(
                            Nav()(
                                Ul()(
                                    Li()(
                                        A(href=item[1])(item[0]))
                                    for item in self.get_menu(typ)
                                )
                            ),
                        )

    def get_menu(self, typ):
        return [(mi.name, mi.link)
                for mi in Menu.query.filter_by(active=True, menu=typ
                                               ).order_by(Menu.order).all()]

...you can then sublass your custom TemPy object to add a specific behavior:

class HomePage(BasePage):

    def init(self):
        self.body.container.content(
            Div()(
                Br(),
                'This is my home page content', Br(),
                H3()('Hame page important content'),
                'Look, I\'m a string!', Br(),
                H3()('H3 is big, really big'),
                H1()('Today\'s content:'),
                self.get_dynamic_content()
            )
        )

    def get_dynamic_content(self):
        # Here using SQLAlchemy:
        current_content = Content.query.outerjoin(Content.comments).order_by(Content.date.desc(), Content.id.desc()).limit(1).first()
        if not current_content:
            return 'No content today!'
        return Div()(Span()(current_content.title),
                     Span()(current_content.text)),
                     Div()(comment for comment in current_content.comments))

TemPy executes each base class init method in reverse MRO, so your subclass can access all the elements defined in its parent classes.

TemPy Reprs

Another way to use TemPy is to define a nested TempyREPR class inside your classes:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = 'foo'
        self.bar = 'bar'

    class HtmlREPR(TempyREPR):
        def repr(self):
            self(
                Div()(self.foo),
                Div()(self.bar)
            )

You can think the TempyREPR as a __repr__ equivalent, so when an instance is placed inside a TemPy tree, the TempyREPR subclass is used to render the instance.

You can define several TempyREPR nested classes, and when dealing with a non-TemPy object, TemPy will search for a TempyREPR subclass following this priority:

a TempyREPR subclass with the same name of its TemPy container.
a TempyREPR subclass with the same name of its TemPy container's root.
a TempyREPR subclass named HtmlREPR.
the first TempyREPR found.
if none of the previous ones are found, the object will be rendered calling its __str__ method.

You can use this order to set different renderings for different situations/pages:

class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = 'foo'
        self.bar = 'bar'
        self.link = 'www.foobar.com'

    # If an instance on MyClass is found inside a div
    class Div(TempyREPR):
        def repr(self):
            self(
                Div()(self.foo),
                Div()(self.bar)
            )

    # If an instance on MyClass is found inside a link
    class A(TempyREPR):
        def repr(self):
            self.parent.attrs['href'] = self.link
            self('Link to ', self.bar)

    # If an instance on MyClass is found inside a table cell
    class Td(TempyREPR):
        def repr(self):
            self(self.bar.upper())

    # If an instance on MyClass is found when rendering the a TempyPage called 'HomePage'
    class HomePage(TempyREPR):
        def repr(self):  # note: here self is the object's parent, not the root
            self('Hello World, this is bar: ', self.bar)

Elements API

Create DOM elements by instantiating tags:

page = Html()
>>> <html></html>

Add elements or content by calling them like a function...

page(Head())
>>> <html><head></head></html>

...or use one of the jQuery-like APIs:

body = Body()
page.append(body)
>>> <html><head></head><body></body></html>

div = Div().append_to(body)
>>> <html><head></head><body><div></div></body></html>
div.append('This is some content', Br(), 'And some Other')
>>> <html><head></head><body><div>This is some content<br>And some Other</div></body></html>

...same for removing:

head.remove()
>>> <html><body><div></div></body></html>
body.empty()
>>> <html><body></body></html>
page.pop()
>>> <html></html>

Several APIs are provided to modify your existing DOM elements:

div1 = Div()
div2 = Div()
div1.after(div2)
div1.before(div2)
div1.prepend(div2)
div1.prepend_to(div2)
div1.append(div2)
div1.append_to(div2)
div1.wrap(div2)
div1.wrap_inner(div2)
div1.replace_with(div2)
div1.remove(div2)
div1.move_childs(div2)
div1.move(div2)
div1.pop(div2)
div1.empty(div2)
div1.children(div2)
div1.contents(div2)
div1.first(div2)
div1.last(div2)
div1.next(div2)
div1.next_all(div2)
div1.prev(div2)
div1.prev_all(div2)
div1.siblings(div2)
div1.slice(div2)

Tag Attributes

Add attributes to every element at definition time or later:

div = Div(id='my_html_id', klass='someHtmlClass') # 'klass' because 'class' is a Python's buildin keyword
>>> <div id="my_dom_id" class="someHtmlClass"></div>

a = A(klass='someHtmlClass')('text of this link')
a.attr(id='another_dom_id')
a.attr({'href': 'www.thisisalink.com'})
>>> <a id="another_dom_id" class="someHtmlClass" href="www.thisisalink.com">text of this link</a>

Styles are editable in the jQuery fashion:

div2.css(width='100px', float='left')
div2.css({'height': '100em'})
div2.css({'background-color': 'blue'})
>>> <div id="another_dom_id" class="someHtmlClass comeOtherClass" style="width: 100px; float: left; height: 100em; background-color: blue"></div>

DOM Navigation

All of the TemPy tag contents are iterable and accessible which is similar to a Python list. For example:

divs = [Div(id=div, klass='inner') for div in range(10)]
ps = (P() for _ in range(10))
container_div = Div()(divs)

for i, div in enumerate(container_div):
    div.attr(id='divId'+str(i))
container_div[0].append(ps)
container_div[0][4].attr(id='pId')
>>> <div>
>>>     <div id="divId0">
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p id="pId"></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>         <p></p>
>>>     </div>
>>>     <div id="divId1"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId2"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId3"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId4"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId5"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId6"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId7"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId8"></div>
>>>     <div id="divId9"></div>
>>> </div>

...or access elements inside a container as if they were attributes:

container_div = Div()
container_div(content_div=Div())

container_div.content_div('Some content')
>>> <div><div>Some content</div></div>

...or if you feel jQuery-ish you can use:

container_div.children()
container_div.first()
container_div.last()
container_div.next()
container_div.prev()
container_div.prev_all()
container_div.parent()
container_div.slice()

Credits: made and maintained by Federico Cerchiari / Hrabal

Contribute.

All contributions are welcome. Please refer to the contributing page.

Python versions compatibility

Python >= 3.3 needed, ask Travis

Apache 2.0 license, see LICENSE for details.

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Release history Release notifications | RSS feed

This version

1.5.3

May 29, 2022

1.5.2

Dec 31, 2020

1.5.1

Dec 31, 2020

1.5.0

Dec 31, 2020

1.4.1

Sep 30, 2019

1.3.3

Apr 13, 2019

1.3.2

Mar 31, 2019

1.3.1

Mar 10, 2019

1.3.0

Oct 15, 2018

1.2.0

Jun 3, 2018

1.1.2

Dec 10, 2017

1.1.1

Dec 8, 2017

1.1.0

Nov 25, 2017

1.0.0

Nov 5, 2017

0.7.1

Nov 1, 2017

0.7.0

Nov 1, 2017

0.7

Nov 1, 2017

0.6.0

Oct 29, 2017

0.5.4

Oct 15, 2017

0.5.3

Oct 9, 2017

0.5.2

Oct 9, 2017

0.5.1

Sep 23, 2017

0.5

Sep 17, 2017

0.4.1

Sep 12, 2017

0.4

Sep 12, 2017

0.3.1

Sep 10, 2017

0.3

Aug 27, 2017

0.2

Aug 22, 2017

0.1.2

Aug 20, 2017

0.1

Aug 18, 2017

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