uwTOPSIS 1.0.0

Unweighted TOPSIS method

Un-Weighted TOPSIS method

The Un-Weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (UW-TOPSIS) ranks decision alternatives based on the classical TOPSIS approach, however, this method does not require the introduction of a priori weights. Instead, it makes use of lower and upper bounds to create a weighted decision space that determines the domain of the.

As a consequence of working with unknown weights, the method does not take into account the relative importance of criteria. Then, the positive ideal solution $( PIS )$ and a negative ideal solution $( NIS )$ vary depending on the conditions of the problem. Hence, the function of relative proximity $( R )$ is an operator which is optimized as two mathematical programming problems of maximize $( R^{U} )$ and minimize $( R^{L} )$, considering weights as decision variables. Finally, per each alternative, we get the intervals $[ R^{L}$, $R^{U} ]$ so we can rank them following a determined comparison method.

For a better understanding of either the algorithm or the method, please check:

V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish (2020), “Multiple criteria ranking method based on functional proximity index: un-weighted TOPSIS”, Annals of Operations Research.

The motivation of this repository is the application of UW-TOPSIS to relatively large datasets as we discussed in the following paper:

O. Blasco-Blasco, M. Liern-García, A. López-García, S.E. Parada Rico (2021), "An Academic Performance Indicator Using Flexible Multi-Criteria Methods"; Mathematics, Applications of Quantitative Methods in Business and Economics Research.

Installation

You can install the uwTOPSIS library from GitHub:

git clone https://github.com/Aaron-AALG/uwTOPSIS.git
python3 -m pip install -e uwTOPSIS

You can also install it directly from PyPI:

pip install uwTOPSIS

Input-Output

Input

data: dataframe which contains the alternatives and the criteria.

directions: array with the optimal direction of the criteria.

L: array with the lower bounds of the weights.

U: array with the upper bounds of the weights.

norm: normalization method for the data, whether "euclidean", "minmax", or "none" (By default norm = "euclidean").

p: integer value for the L-p distance (By default p=2).

alpha: value of the convex linear combination of the uwTOPSIS score (By default alpha=1/2).

forceideal: logical argument to indicate whether to force the ideal solution. If true, the ideal solutions are boolean arrays regarding the directions (By default forceideal = False).

display: logical argument to indicate whether to show print convergence messages or not (By default display = False).

Output

Dictionary which contains three keys.

Ranking: List with R_min and R_max scores in regard to the optimal weights, plus the uwTOPSIS score.

Weights_min: List with the weights that minimize the R score.

Weights_max: List with the weights that maximize the R score.

Example

UW-TOPSIS is implemented in order to manage Pandas DataFrames as input data which will be converted to NumPy arrays. Here is an example based on the paper of V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish (2020), in which we only use three alternatives and four criteria:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from uwTOPSIS.uwTOPSIS import *

data = pd.DataFrame({"c1":[173, 176, 142],
                     "c2":[10, 11, 5],
                     "c3":[11.4, 12.3, 8.2],
                     "c4":[10.01, 10.48, 7.3]})
directions = ["max", "max", "min", "min"]
L = np.repeat(0.1, data.shape[1])
U = np.repeat(0.4, data.shape[1])
norm = "euclidean"
p = 2

x = uwTOPSIS(data, directions, L, U, norm, p)

The output of the function is a dictionary whose entries are Ranking, Weights_min, and Weights_max. Besides, Ranking entry is another dictionary with the arguments R_min, R_max, and, uwTOPSIS. The Weights_min and Weights_max output contains the arrays with the optimal solution of each alternative as minimize and maximize respectively.

Generalization to classic TOPSIS

Given that UW-TOPSIS generalizes TOPSIS, we can also compute it by limiting the amplitude of the boundaries. The user can utilize the Numpy numerical epsilon as the difference between lower and upper bounds. Here is an example:

weights = np.array([0.25, 0.2, 0.2, 0.35])
epsilon = np.finfo(float).eps

try:
  x = uwTOPSIS(data,
               directions, 
               weights, 
               weights + epsilon, 
               norm,
               p)
except:
  x = uwTOPSIS(data,
               directions, 
               weights - epsilon, 
               weights, 
               norm,
               p)

However, it is strongly recommended to use the TOPSIS function included in our package instead:

x = TOPSIS(data, directions, weights, norm, p)

Optimization in Python

This library uses the minimize function of the scipy.optimize module to carry out the optimization problems. In particular, $R^{L}$ and $R^{U}$ are obtained one at a time. Thus, we can apply the SLSQP optimization method.

Literature review of UW-TOPSIS

Since the first implementation of UW-TOPSIS in MCDA in 2020, several researchers in the field have shown interest in this technique. The following table shows the works in which UW-TOPSIS has been used as a method for the case study or experimental part.

Year	Title
2020	V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish, Multiple criteria ranking method based on functional proximity index: un-weighted TOPSIS, Annals of Operations Research
2021	R. Benítez and V. Liern, Unweighted TOPSIS: a new multi-criteria tool for sustainability analysis, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
2021	V. Liern, B. Pérez-Gladish, F. Rubiera-Morollón and B. M'Zali, Residential choice from a multiple criteria sustainable perspective, Annals of Operations Research
2021	V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish, Building Composite Indicators With Unweighted-TOPSIS, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
2021	B. Pérez-Gladish and F. A. Ferreira, MCDM/A studies for economic development, social cohesion and environmental sustainability: introduction
2021	O. Blasco-Blasco, M. Liern-García, A. López-García, S.E. Parada Rico, An Academic Performance Indicator Using Flexible Multi-Criteria Methods, Mathematics, Applications of Quantitative Methods in Business and Economics Research
2021	J. Vicens-Colom, J. Holles and V. Liern, Measuring Sustainability with Unweighted TOPSIS: An Application to Sustainable Tourism in Spain, Sustainability
2022	V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish, Multiple criteria ranking method based on functional proximity index: Un-weighted TOPSIS, Annals of Operations Research
2022	T. Fernández-García, V. Liern, B. Pérez-Gladish and F. Rubiera-Morollón, Measuring the territorial effort in research, development, and innovation from a multiple criteria approach: Application to the Spanish regions case, Technology in Society
2022	K. Bouslah, V. Liern, J. Ouenniche and B. Pérez-Gladish. Ranking firms based on their financial and diversity performance using multiple-stage unweighted TOPSIS, International Transactions in Operational Research
2023	V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish. Measuring Corporate Gender Diversity and Inclusion with UW-TOPSIS and Linguistic Intervals, Operational Research Methods in Business, Finance and Economics
2023	A. López-García, V. Liern and B. Pérez-Gladish. Determining the underlying role of corporate sustainability criteria in a ranking problem using UW-TOPSIS, Annals of Operations Research
2023	A. López-García, O. Blasco-Blasco, M. Liern-García and S.E. Parada Rico. Early detection of students’ failure using Machine Learning techniques, Operations Research Perspectives
2023	A. López-García, Evaluation of optimal solutions in multicriteria models for intelligent decision support, Ph.D. Thesis