whack 0.6.9

Utility for installing binaries from source with a single command

Whack allows binaries such as nginx and node.js to be installed with a single command. For instance, to install nginx to ~/apps/nginx:

whack install git+https://github.com/mwilliamson/whack-package-nginx.git ~/apps/nginx

On the first installation, the application is compiled and copied to the target directory. On subsequent installations, a cached version of the application is copied to the target directory.

Installation

Before you can use Whack, you need to install a utility called whack-run. You can download whack-run from GitHub:

$ curl -L https://github.com/mwilliamson/whack-run/archive/1.0.0.tar.gz > whack-run-1.0.0.tar.gz
$ tar xzf whack-run-1.0.0.tar.gz
$ cd whack-run-1.0.0
$ make

And as root:

# make install

This installs the binary whack-run to /usr/local/bin. Once whack-run has been installed, you can install Whack as an ordinary Python package:

pip install whack

How does Whack work?

Many Linux applications can be compiled and installed by running the following commands, or similar:

$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

This usually installs the application under /usr/local. However, sometimes we want to install isolated instances of an application without being root. For instance, if we’re developing a web application that uses Apache, it’s helpful to have an isolated installation of Apache. We can change the installation prefix when running ./configure:

$ ./configure --prefix=/home/user/projects/web-app/apache
$ make
$ make install

While this works, it requires us to re-compile the application whenever we want to install it in a different location. Depending on the application, compilation can take a quite a while.

Whack solves this problem by using unshare and mount to change the filesystem for a single process. Each application is compiled with its prefix set to /usr/local/whack. Before running the binary for an application, Whack uses the unshare syscall to create a private mount namespace. This means that any mount calls only have visible effects within that process. We then mount the directory that the application was installed in onto /usr/local/whack, and exec the binary.

For instance, say we’ve installed nginx to ~/web-app/nginx by running

whack install git+https://github.com/mwilliamson/whack-package-nginx.git \
    -p nginx_version=1.2.6 ~/web-app/nginx

The actual nginx binary can be found in ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin (note that the binary is in a directory called .sbin, not sbin). If we try to run ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin/nginx directly, we’ll get an error:

$ ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin/nginx
nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/usr/local/whack/logs/error.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)
2013/02/18 11:25:17 [emerg] 11586#0: open() "/usr/local/whack/conf/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)

nginx expects to be installed under /usr/local/whack, but it’s actually installed under ~/web-app/nginx. To run nginx successfully, we need to use whack-run:

$ whack-run ~/web-app/nginx ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin/nginx

When using whack-run, the following happens:

1. whack-run calls unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), creating a private mount namespace.

2. whack-run mounts ~/web-app/nginx onto /usr/local/whack. Since we called unshare earlier, this mount is only visible to this process.

3. whack-run drops its user and group privileges. whack-run is installed with the setuid bit set so it can call unshare and mount.

4. whack-run calls exec with the arguments it was passed i.e. exec ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin/nginx

Using whack-run to run nginx is a bit tedious. However, we can call ~/web-app/nginx/sbin/nginx directly (instead of ~/web-app/nginx/.sbin/nginx), which will call whack-run with appropriate arguments.

Although whack-run has the setuid bit set, it only uses root privileges to call unshare and mount. After that, user and group privileges are dropped.