zc.freeze 1.2

Pattern for freezing objects

The zc.freeze package provides a pattern for freezing objects. State is informational–enforcement unspecified. Some enforcement approaches and helpers are included.

Contents

• Detailed Documentation

  • Freezing

    • Conveniences

  • CHANGES

    • 1.2 (2011-04-08)

    • 1.1

      • 1.1b

    • 1.0

      • 1.0.1

Detailed Documentation

Freezing

This package implements basic functionality for freezing objects: spellings to query whether an object can be frozen, to query whether it has been frozen, and to actually freeze an object. Further policies may be implemented above the basic code in this package; and much of the code in this package is offered as pluggable choices which can be omitted while still keeping the basic API.

To discover whether an object is freezable, client code should ask if it provides zc.freeze.interfaces.IFreezable.

Site configurations or code that declares that an object is IFreezable is assuring that the object provides or can be adaptable to zc.freeze.interfaces.IFreezing. This interface has only three elements: _z_frozen is a readonly boolean that returns whether the object has been versioned; _z_freeze_datetime is a readonly datetime in pytz.utc specifying when the object was frozen (or None, if it is not yet frozen); and _z_freeze is a method that actually freezes the object. If the object is already frozen, it raises zc.freeze.interfaces.FrozenError. If the object is not in a state to be frozen, it may raise zc.freeze.interfaces.FreezeError. If the freezing may succeed, the method should send a zc.freeze.interfaces.IObjectFrozenEvent (such as zc.freeze.interfaces.ObjectFrozenEvent).

That’s the heart of the package: an API and an agreement, with nothing to test directly. One policy that this package does not directly support is that freezing an object might first create a copy and then version the copy rather than the original; or version the original but replace the copy in the location of the original; or make any other choices. These approaches are intended to be implemented on top of–above–the zc.freeze API. This package provides much simpler capabilities.

Conveniences

The package does provide two default implementations of IFreezing, and a few conveniences.

One IFreezing implementation is for objects that are directly aware of this API (as opposed to having the functionality assembled from adapters and other components).

>>> import zc.freeze
>>> v = zc.freeze.Freezing()
>>> from zc.freeze import interfaces
>>> from zope.interface.verify import verifyObject
>>> verifyObject(interfaces.IFreezing, v)
True
>>> verifyObject(interfaces.IFreezable, v)
True
>>> v._z_frozen
False
>>> v._z_frozen = True
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AttributeError: can't set attribute
>>> import pytz
>>> import datetime
>>> before = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc)
>>> v._z_freeze()
>>> before <= v._z_freeze_timestamp <= datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc)
True
>>> v._z_frozen
True
>>> interfaces.IObjectFrozenEvent.providedBy(events[-1])
True
>>> events[-1].object is v
True
>>> v._z_freeze()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FrozenError

Another available implementation is an adapter, and stores the information in an annotation. Here’s a quick demo.

>>> import zope.annotation.interfaces
>>> from zope import interface, component
>>> class Demo(object):
...     interface.implements(zope.annotation.interfaces.IAnnotatable)
...
>>> import UserDict
>>> class DemoAnnotations(UserDict.UserDict):
...     interface.implements(zope.annotation.interfaces.IAnnotations)
...     component.adapts(Demo)
...     def __init__(self, context):
...         self.context = context
...         self.data = getattr(context, '_z_demo', None)
...         if self.data is None:
...             self.data = context._z_demo = {}
...
>>> component.provideAdapter(DemoAnnotations)
>>> component.provideAdapter(zc.freeze.FreezingAdapter)
>>> d = Demo()
>>> verifyObject(interfaces.IFreezing, interfaces.IFreezing(d))
True
>>> verifyObject(interfaces.IFreezable, interfaces.IFreezing(d))
True
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_frozen
False
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_frozen = True
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AttributeError: can't set attribute
>>> before = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc)
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_freeze()
>>> (before <= interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_freeze_timestamp <=
...  datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc))
True
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_frozen
True
>>> interfaces.IObjectFrozenEvent.providedBy(events[-1])
True
>>> events[-1].object is d
True
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_freeze()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FrozenError

The zc.freeze module also contains three helpers for writing properties and methods that are freeze-aware.

A ‘method’ function can generate a freeze-aware method that raises a FrozenError if the object has been frozen.

‘setproperty’ and ‘delproperty’ functions can generate a freeze-aware descriptor that raises a FrozenError if the set or del methods are called on a frozen object. These are rwproperties.

‘makeProperty’ generates a freeze-aware descriptor that does a simple get/set but raises FrozenError if the set is attempted on a frozen object.

>>> class BiggerDemo(Demo):
...     counter = 0
...     @zc.freeze.method
...     def increase(self):
...         self.counter += 1
...     _complex = 1
...     @property
...     def complex_property(self):
...         return str(self._complex)
...     @zc.freeze.setproperty
...     def complex_property(self, value):
...         self._complex = value * 2
...     zc.freeze.makeProperty('simple_property')
...
>>> d = BiggerDemo()
>>> d.counter
0
>>> d.complex_property
'1'
>>> d.simple_property # None
>>> d.increase()
>>> d.counter
1
>>> d.complex_property = 4
>>> d.complex_property
'8'
>>> d.simple_property = 'hi'
>>> d.simple_property
'hi'
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_frozen
False
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_freeze()
>>> interfaces.IFreezing(d)._z_frozen
True
>>> d.counter
1
>>> d.increase()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FrozenError
>>> d.counter
1
>>> d.complex_property
'8'
>>> d.complex_property = 10
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FrozenError
>>> d.complex_property
'8'
>>> d.simple_property
'hi'
>>> d.simple_property = 'bye'
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FrozenError
>>> d.simple_property
'hi'

CHANGES

1.2 (2011-04-08)

• Updated tests to run with ZTK 1.0.

• Using Python’s doctest module instead of the deprecated zope.testing.doctest.

• Depend on a newer bug-fix version of zope.locking.

1.1

(supports Zope 3.4/eggs)

1.1b

Switched to supporting eggs

1.0

(supports Zope 3.3/no eggs)

1.0.1

Removed the included rwproperty.py and added a dependency instead, as rwproperty is now available from pypi.