zope.testing

Zope testing helpers

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Project description

https://travis-ci.com/zopefoundation/zope.testing.svg?branch=master

This package provides a number of testing frameworks.

cleanup

Provides a mixin class for cleaning up after tests that make global changes.

formparser

An HTML parser that extracts form information.

Python 2 only

This is intended to support functional tests that need to extract information from HTML forms returned by the publisher.

See formparser.txt.

loggingsupport

Support for testing logging code

If you want to test that your code generates proper log output, you can create and install a handler that collects output.

loghandler

Logging handler for tests that check logging output.

module

Lets a doctest pretend to be a Python module.

See module.txt.

renormalizing

Regular expression pattern normalizing output checker. Useful for doctests.

server

Provides a simple HTTP server compatible with the zope.app.testing functional testing API. Lets you interactively play with the system under test. Helpful in debugging functional doctest failures.

Python 2 only

setupstack

A simple framework for automating doctest set-up and tear-down. See setupstack.txt.

wait

A small utility for dealing with timing non-determinism See wait.txt.

doctestcase

Support for defining doctests as methods of unittest.TestCase classes so that they can be more easily found by test runners, like nose, that ignore test suites.

Getting started developing zope.testing

zope.testing uses buildout. To start, run python bootstrap.py. It will create a number of directories and the bin/buildout script. Next, run bin/buildout. It will create a test script for you. Now, run bin/test to run the zope.testing test suite.

Parsing HTML Forms

Sometimes in functional tests, information from a generated form must be extracted in order to re-submit it as part of a subsequent request. The zope.testing.formparser module can be used for this purpose.

NOTE: formparser doesn’t support Python 3.

The scanner is implemented using the FormParser class. The constructor arguments are the page data containing the form and (optionally) the URL from which the page was retrieved:

>>> import zope.testing.formparser

>>> page_text = '''\
... <html><body>
...   <form name="form1" action="/cgi-bin/foobar.py" method="POST">
...     <input type="hidden" name="f1" value="today" />
...     <input type="submit" name="do-it-now" value="Go for it!" />
...     <input type="IMAGE" name="not-really" value="Don't."
...            src="dont.png" />
...     <select name="pick-two" size="3" multiple>
...       <option value="one" selected>First</option>
...       <option value="two" label="Second">Another</option>
...       <optgroup>
...         <option value="three">Third</option>
...         <option selected="selected">Fourth</option>
...       </optgroup>
...     </select>
...   </form>
...
...   Just for fun, a second form, after specifying a base:
...   <base href="http://www.example.com/base/" />
...   <form action = 'sproing/sprung.html' enctype="multipart/form">
...     <textarea name="sometext" rows="5">Some text.</textarea>
...     <input type="Image" name="action" value="Do something."
...            src="else.png" />
...     <input type="text" value="" name="multi" size="2" />
...     <input type="text" value="" name="multi" size="3" />
...   </form>
... </body></html>
... '''

>>> parser = zope.testing.formparser.FormParser(page_text)
>>> forms = parser.parse()

>>> len(forms)
2
>>> forms.form1 is forms[0]
True
>>> forms.form1 is forms[1]
False

More often, the parse() convenience function is all that’s needed:

>>> forms = zope.testing.formparser.parse(
...     page_text, "http://cgi.example.com/somewhere/form.html")

>>> len(forms)
2
>>> forms.form1 is forms[0]
True
>>> forms.form1 is forms[1]
False

Once we have the form we’re interested in, we can check form attributes and individual field values:

>>> form = forms.form1
>>> form.enctype
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
>>> form.method
'post'

>>> keys = form.keys()
>>> keys.sort()
>>> keys
['do-it-now', 'f1', 'not-really', 'pick-two']

>>> not_really = form["not-really"]
>>> not_really.type
'image'
>>> not_really.value
"Don't."
>>> not_really.readonly
False
>>> not_really.disabled
False

Note that relative URLs are converted to absolute URLs based on the <base> element (if present) or using the base passed in to the constructor.

>>> form.action
'http://cgi.example.com/cgi-bin/foobar.py'
>>> not_really.src
'http://cgi.example.com/somewhere/dont.png'

>>> forms[1].action
'http://www.example.com/base/sproing/sprung.html'
>>> forms[1]["action"].src
'http://www.example.com/base/else.png'

Fields which are repeated are reported as lists of objects that represent each instance of the field:

>>> field = forms[1]["multi"]
>>> isinstance(field, list)
True
>>> [o.value for o in field]
['', '']
>>> [o.size for o in field]
[2, 3]

The <textarea> element provides some additional attributes:

>>> ta = forms[1]["sometext"]
>>> print ta.rows
5
>>> print ta.cols
None
>>> ta.value
'Some text.'

The <select> element provides access to the options as well:

>>> select = form["pick-two"]
>>> select.multiple
True
>>> select.size
3
>>> select.type
'select'
>>> select.value
['one', 'Fourth']

>>> options = select.options
>>> len(options)
4
>>> [opt.label for opt in options]
['First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth']
>>> [opt.value for opt in options]
['one', 'two', 'three', 'Fourth']

Support for testing logging code

If you want to test that your code generates proper log output, you can create and install a handler that collects output:

>>> from zope.testing.loggingsupport import InstalledHandler
>>> handler = InstalledHandler('foo.bar')

The handler is installed into loggers for all of the names passed. In addition, the logger level is set to 1, which means, log everything. If you want to log less than everything, you can provide a level keyword argument. The level setting effects only the named loggers.

>>> import logging
>>> handler_with_levels = InstalledHandler('baz', level=logging.WARNING)

Then, any log output is collected in the handler:

>>> logging.getLogger('foo.bar').exception('eek')
>>> logging.getLogger('foo.bar').info('blah blah')

>>> for record in handler.records:
...     print_(record.name, record.levelname)
...     print_(' ', record.getMessage())
foo.bar ERROR
  eek
foo.bar INFO
  blah blah

A similar effect can be gotten by just printing the handler:

>>> print_(handler)
foo.bar ERROR
  eek
foo.bar INFO
  blah blah

After checking the log output, you need to uninstall the handler:

>>> handler.uninstall()
>>> handler_with_levels.uninstall()

At which point, the handler won’t get any more log output. Let’s clear the handler:

>>> handler.clear()
>>> handler.records
[]

And then log something:

>>> logging.getLogger('foo.bar').info('blah')

and, sure enough, we still have no output:

>>> handler.records
[]

Regular expression pattern normalizing output checker

The pattern-normalizing output checker extends the default output checker with an option to normalize expected and actual output.

You specify a sequence of patterns and replacements. The replacements are applied to the expected and actual outputs before calling the default outputs checker. Let’s look at an example. In this example, we have some times and addresses:

>>> want = '''\
... <object object at 0xb7f14438>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... <object object at 0xb7f14440>
... completed in 123.234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... <object object at 0xb7f14448>
... completed in .234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... <object object at 0xb7f14450>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... '''

>>> got = '''\
... <object object at 0xb7f14458>
... completed in 1.235 seconds.
...
... <object object at 0xb7f14460>
... completed in 123.233 seconds.
...
... <object object at 0xb7f14468>
... completed in .231 seconds.
...
... <object object at 0xb7f14470>
... completed in 1.23 seconds.
...
... '''

We may wish to consider these two strings to match, even though they differ in actual addresses and times. The default output checker will consider them different:

>>> import doctest
>>> doctest.OutputChecker().check_output(want, got, 0)
False

We’ll use the zope.testing.renormalizing.OutputChecker to normalize both the wanted and gotten strings to ignore differences in times and addresses:

>>> import re
>>> from zope.testing.renormalizing import OutputChecker
>>> checker = OutputChecker([
...    (re.compile('[0-9]*[.][0-9]* seconds'), '<SOME NUMBER OF> seconds'),
...    (re.compile('at 0x[0-9a-f]+'), 'at <SOME ADDRESS>'),
...    ])

>>> checker.check_output(want, got, 0)
True

Usual OutputChecker options work as expected:

>>> want_ellided = '''\
... <object object at 0xb7f14438>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... ...
... <object object at 0xb7f14450>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... '''

>>> checker.check_output(want_ellided, got, 0)
False

>>> checker.check_output(want_ellided, got, doctest.ELLIPSIS)
True

When we get differencs, we output them with normalized text:

>>> source = '''\
... >>> do_something()
... <object object at 0xb7f14438>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... ...
... <object object at 0xb7f14450>
... completed in 1.234 seconds.
... <BLANKLINE>
... '''

>>> example = doctest.Example(source, want_ellided)

>>> print_(checker.output_difference(example, got, 0))
Expected:
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    ...
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
Got:
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
<BLANKLINE>

>>> print_(checker.output_difference(example, got,
...                                 doctest.REPORT_NDIFF))
Differences (ndiff with -expected +actual):
    - <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    - completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    - ...
      <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
      completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
      <BLANKLINE>
    + <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    + completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    + <BLANKLINE>
    + <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    + completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    + <BLANKLINE>
    + <object object at <SOME ADDRESS>>
    + completed in <SOME NUMBER OF> seconds.
    + <BLANKLINE>
<BLANKLINE>

If the wanted text is empty, however, we don’t transform the actual output. This is usful when writing tests. We leave the expected output empty, run the test, and use the actual output as expected, after reviewing it.

>>> source = '''\
... >>> do_something()
... '''

>>> example = doctest.Example(source, '\n')
>>> print_(checker.output_difference(example, got, 0))
Expected:
<BLANKLINE>
Got:
    <object object at 0xb7f14458>
    completed in 1.235 seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at 0xb7f14460>
    completed in 123.233 seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at 0xb7f14468>
    completed in .231 seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
    <object object at 0xb7f14470>
    completed in 1.23 seconds.
    <BLANKLINE>
<BLANKLINE>

If regular expressions aren’t expressive enough, you can use arbitrary Python callables to transform the text. For example, suppose you want to ignore case during comparison:

>>> checker = OutputChecker([
...    lambda s: s.lower(),
...    lambda s: s.replace('<blankline>', '<BLANKLINE>'),
...    ])

>>> want = '''\
... Usage: thundermonkey [options] [url]
... <BLANKLINE>
... Options:
...     -h    display this help message
... '''

>>> got = '''\
... usage: thundermonkey [options] [URL]
...
... options:
...     -h    Display this help message
... '''

>>> checker.check_output(want, got, 0)
True

Suppose we forgot that <BLANKLINE> must be in upper case:

>>> checker = OutputChecker([
...    lambda s: s.lower(),
...    ])

>>> checker.check_output(want, got, 0)
False

The difference would show us that:

>>> source = '''\
... >>> print_help_message()
... ''' + want
>>> example = doctest.Example(source, want)
>>> print_(checker.output_difference(example, got,
...                                 doctest.REPORT_NDIFF))
Differences (ndiff with -expected +actual):
      usage: thundermonkey [options] [url]
    - <blankline>
    + <BLANKLINE>
      options:
          -h    display this help message
<BLANKLINE>

It is possible to combine OutputChecker checkers for easy reuse:

>>> address_and_time_checker = OutputChecker([
...    (re.compile('[0-9]*[.][0-9]* seconds'), '<SOME NUMBER OF> seconds'),
...    (re.compile('at 0x[0-9a-f]+'), 'at <SOME ADDRESS>'),
...    ])
>>> lowercase_checker = OutputChecker([
...    lambda s: s.lower(),
...    ])
>>> combined_checker = address_and_time_checker + lowercase_checker
>>> len(combined_checker.transformers)
3

Combining a checker with something else does not work:

>>> lowercase_checker + 5 #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ...

Using the 2to3 exception normalization:

>>> from zope.testing.renormalizing import (
...     IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2)
>>> checker = OutputChecker()
>>> want = """\
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... foo.bar.FooBarError: requires at least one argument."""
>>> got = """\
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... FooBarError: requires at least one argument."""
>>> result = checker.check_output(
...     want, got, IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2)
>>> import sys
>>> if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
...     expected = True
... else:
...     expected = False
>>> result == expected
True

When reporting a failing test and running in Python 2, the normalizer tries to be helpful by explaining how to test for exceptions in the traceback output.

>>> want = """\
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... foo.bar.FooBarErrorXX: requires at least one argument.
... """
>>> got = """\
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... FooBarError: requires at least one argument.
... """
>>> checker.check_output(want, got, IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2)
False
>>> from doctest import Example
>>> example = Example('dummy', want)
>>> result = checker.output_difference(
...     example, got, IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2)
>>> output = """\
... Expected:
...     Traceback (most recent call last):
...     foo.bar.FooBarErrorXX: requires at least one argument.
... Got:
...     Traceback (most recent call last):
...     FooBarError: requires at least one argument.
... """
>>> hint = """\
...     ===============================================================
...     HINT:
...       The optionflag IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2 is set.
...       You seem to test traceback output.
...       If you are indeed, make sure to use the full dotted name of
...       the exception class like Python 3 displays,
...       even though you are running the tests in Python 2.
...       The exception message needs to be last line (and thus not
...       split over multiple lines).
...     ==============================================================="""
>>> if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
...     expected = output + hint
... else:
...     expected = output
>>> result == expected
True

Stack-based test setUp and tearDown

Writing doctest setUp and tearDown functions can be a bit tedious, especially when setUp/tearDown functions are combined.

the zope.testing.setupstack module provides a small framework for automating test tear down. It provides a generic setUp function that sets up a stack. Normal test setUp functions call this function to set up the stack and then use the register function to register tear-down functions.

To see how this works we’ll create a faux test:

>>> class Test:
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.globs = {}
>>> test = Test()

We’ll register some tearDown functions that just print something:

>>> import sys
>>> import zope.testing.setupstack
>>> zope.testing.setupstack.register(
...     test, lambda : sys.stdout.write('td 1\n'))
>>> zope.testing.setupstack.register(
...     test, lambda : sys.stdout.write('td 2\n'))

Now, when we call the tearDown function:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.tearDown(test)
td 2
td 1

The registered tearDown functions are run. Note that they are run in the reverse order that they were registered.

Extra positional arguments can be passed to register:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.register(
...    test, lambda x, y, z: sys.stdout.write('%s %s %s\n' % (x, y, z)),
...    1, 2, z=9)
>>> zope.testing.setupstack.tearDown(test)
1 2 9

Temporary Test Directory

Often, tests create files as they demonstrate functionality. They need to arrange for the removeal of these files when the test is cleaned up.

The setUpDirectory function automates this. We’ll get the current directory first:

>>> import os
>>> here = os.getcwd()

We’ll also create a new test:

>>> test = Test()

Now we’ll call the setUpDirectory function:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.setUpDirectory(test)

We don’t have to call zope.testing.setupstack.setUp, because setUpDirectory calls it for us.

Now the current working directory has changed:

>>> here == os.getcwd()
False
>>> setupstack_cwd = os.getcwd()

We can create files to out heart’s content:

>>> with open('Data.fs', 'w') as f:
...     foo = f.write('xxx')
>>> os.path.exists(os.path.join(setupstack_cwd, 'Data.fs'))
True

We’ll make the file read-only. This can cause problems on Windows, but setupstack takes care of that by making files writable before trying to remove them.

>>> import stat
>>> os.chmod('Data.fs', stat.S_IREAD)

On Unix systems, broken symlinks can cause problems because the chmod attempt by the teardown hook will fail; let’s set up a broken symlink as well, and verify the teardown doesn’t break because of that:

>>> if sys.platform != 'win32':
...     os.symlink('NotThere', 'BrokenLink')

When tearDown is called:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.tearDown(test)

We’ll be back where we started:

>>> here == os.getcwd()
True

and the files we created will be gone (along with the temporary directory that was created:

>>> os.path.exists(os.path.join(setupstack_cwd, 'Data.fs'))
False

Context-manager support

You can leverage context managers using the contextmanager method. The result of calling the content manager’s __enter__ method will be returned. The context-manager’s __exit__ method will be called as part of test tear down:

>>> class Manager(object):
...     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
...         if kw:
...             args += (kw, )
...         self.args = args
...     def __enter__(self):
...         print_('enter', *self.args)
...         return 42
...     def __exit__(self, *args):
...         print_('exit', args, *self.args)

>>> manager = Manager()
>>> test = Test()

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.context_manager(test, manager)
enter
42

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.tearDown(test)
exit (None, None, None)

By far the most commonly called context manager is mock.patch, so there’s a convenience function to make that simpler:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.mock(test, 'time.time', return_value=42)
enter time.time {'return_value': 42}
42

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.tearDown(test)
exit (None, None, None) time.time {'return_value': 42}

globs

Doctests have globs attributes used to hold test globals. setupstack was originally designed to work with doctests, but can now work with either doctests, or other test objects, as long as the test objects have either a globs attribute or a __dict__ attribute. The zope.testing.setupstack.globs function is used to get the globals for a test object:

>>> zope.testing.setupstack.globs(test) is test.globs
True

Here, because the test object had a globs attribute, it was returned. Because we used the test object above, it has a setupstack:

>>> '__zope.testing.setupstack' in test.globs
True

If we remove the globs attribute, the object’s instance dictionary will be used:

>>> del test.globs
>>> zope.testing.setupstack.globs(test) is test.__dict__
True
>>> zope.testing.setupstack.context_manager(test, manager)
enter
42

>>> '__zope.testing.setupstack' in test.__dict__
True

The globs function is used internally, but can also be used by setup code to support either doctests or other test objects.

TestCase

A TestCase class is provided that:

Makes it easier to call setupstack apis, and
provides an inheritable tearDown method.

In addition to a tearDown method, the class provides methods:

setupDirectory()

Creates a temporary directory, runs the test, and cleans it up.

register(func)

context_manager(manager)

Enters a context manager and exits it on tearDown.

mock(*args, **kw)

Enters mock.patch with the given arguments.

This is syntactic sugur for:

context_manager(mock.patch(*args, **kw))

Here’s an example:

>>> os.listdir('.') != []
True

>>> class MyTests(zope.testing.setupstack.TestCase):
...
...     def setUp(self):
...         self.setUpDirectory()
...         self.context_manager(manager)
...         self.mock("time.time", return_value=42)
...
...         @self.register
...         def _():
...             print('done w test')
...
...     def test(self):
...         print(os.listdir('.'))

Wait until a condition holds (or until a time out)

Often, in tests, you need to wait until some condition holds. This may be because you’re testing interaction with an external system or testing threaded (threads, processes, greenlet’s, etc.) interactions.

You can add sleeps to your tests, but it’s often hard to know how long to sleep.

zope.testing.wait provides a convenient way to wait until some condition holds. It will test a condition and, when true, return. It will sleep a short time between tests.

Here’s a silly example, that illustrates it’s use:

>>> from zope.testing.wait import wait
>>> wait(lambda : True)

Since the condition we passed is always True, it returned immediately. If the condition doesn’t hold, then we’ll get a timeout:

>>> wait((lambda : False), timeout=.01)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TimeOutWaitingFor: <lambda>

wait has some keyword options:

timeout

How long, in seconds, to wait for the condition to hold

Defaults to 9 seconds.

wait

How long to wait between calls.

Defaults to .01 seconds.

message

A message (or other data) to pass to the timeout exception.

This defaults to None. If this is false, then the callable’s doc string or __name__ is used.

wait can be used as a decorator:

>>> @wait
... def ok():
...     return True

>>> @wait(timeout=.01)
... def no_way():
...     pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TimeOutWaitingFor: no_way

>>> @wait(timeout=.01)
... def no_way():
...     "never true"
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TimeOutWaitingFor: never true

Customization

wait is an instance of Wait. With Wait, you can create you’re own custom wait utilities. For example, if you’re testing something that uses getevent, you’d want to use gevent’s sleep function:

>>> import zope.testing.wait
>>> wait = zope.testing.wait.Wait(getsleep=lambda : gevent.sleep)

Wait takes a number of customization parameters:

exception

Timeout exception class

getnow

Function used to get a function for getting the current time.

Default: lambda : time.time

getsleep

Function used to get a sleep function.

Default: lambda : time.sleep

timeout

Default timeout

Default: 9

wait

Default time to wait between attempts

Default: .01

Doctests in TestCase classes

The original doctest unittest integration was based on unittest test suites, which have fallen out of favor. This module provides a way to define doctests inside of unittest TestCase classes. It provides better integration with unittest test fixtures, because doctests use setup provided by the containing test case class. It provides access to unittest assertion methods.

You can define doctests in multiple ways:

references to named files
strings
decorated functions with docstrings
reference to named files decorating test-specific setup functions
reference to named files decorating a test class

Here are some examples:

>>> from zope.testing import doctestcase
>>> import doctest
>>> import unittest

>>> g = 'global'

>>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
...
...     def setUp(self):
...         self.a = 1
...         self.globs = dict(c=9)
...
...     test1 = doctestcase.file('test-1.txt', optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS)
...
...     test2 = doctestcase.docteststring('''
...       >>> self.a, g, c
...       (1, 'global', 9)
...     ''')
...
...     @doctestcase.doctestmethod(optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS)
...     def test3(self):
...         '''
...         >>> self.a, self.x, g, c
...         (1, 3, 'global', 9)
...         '''
...         self.x = 3
...
...     @doctestcase.doctestfile('test4.txt')
...     def test4(self):
...         self.x = 5

>>> import sys

>>> @doctestcase.doctestfiles('loggingsupport.txt', 'renormalizing.txt')
... class MoreTests(unittest.TestCase):
...
...    def setUp(self):
...        def print_(*args):
...            sys.stdout.write(' '.join(map(str, args))+'\n')
...        self.globs = dict(print_=print_)

In these examples, 4 constructors were used:

doctestfile (alias: file)

doctestfile makes a file-based test case.

This can be used as a decorator, in which case, the decorated function is called before the test is run, to provide test-specific setup.

doctestfiles (alias: files)

doctestfiles makes file-based test cases and assigns them to the decorated class.

Multiple files can be specified and the resulting doctests are added as members of the decorated class.

docteststring (alias string)

docteststring constructs a doctest from a string.

doctestmethod (alias method)

doctestmethod constructs a doctest from a method.

The method’s docstring provides the test. The method’s body provides optional test-specific setup.

Note that short aliases are provided, which maye be useful in certain import styles.

Tests have access to the following data:

Tests created with the docteststring and doctestmethod constructors have access to the module globals of the defining module.
In tests created with the docteststring and doctestmethod constructors, the test case instance is available as the self variable.
In tests created with the doctestfile and doctestfiles constructor, the test case instance is available as the test variable.
If a test case defines a globs attribute, it must be a dictionary and it’s contents are added to the test globals.

The constructors accept standard doctest optionflags and checker arguments.

Note that the doctest IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL option flag is added to optionflags.

When using doctestfile and doctestfile, filename and filepath attributes are available that contain the test file name and full path.

name attributes of class members

Class members have __name__ attributes set as follows:

When using doctestmethod or doctestfile with a setup function, __name__ attribute is set to the name of the function. A test_ prefix is added, if the name doesn’t start with test.
When doctestfile is used without a setup function or when doctestfiles is used, __name__ is set to the last part of the file path with the extension removed and non-word characters converted to underscores. For example, with a test path of '/foo/bar/test-it.rst', the __name__ attribute is set to 'test_it'. A test_ prefix is added, if the name doesn’t start with test.
when using docteststring, a name option can be passed in to set __name__. A test_ prefix is added, if the name doesn’t start with test.

The __name__ attribute is important when using nose, because nose discovers tests as class members using their __name__ attributes, whereas the unittest and py.test test runners use class dictionary keys.

Changes

4.8 (2021-01-04)

Add support for Python 3.8 and 3.9.
Drop support for Python 3.3 and 3.4.
Extend IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2 to cover also exceptions without arguments (thus without a colon on the last line of the traceback output).

4.7 (2018-10-04)

Added support for Python 3.7.

4.6.2 (2017-06-12)

Remove dependencies on zope.interface and zope.exceptions; they’re not used here.
Remove use of 2to3 for outdated versions of PyPy3, letting us build universal wheels.

4.6.1 (2017-01-04)

Add support for Python 3.6.

4.6.0 (2016-10-20)

Introduce option flag IGNORE_EXCEPTION_MODULE_IN_PYTHON2 to normalize exception class names in traceback output. In Python 3 they are displayed as the full dotted name. In Python 2 they are displayed as “just” the class name. When running doctests in Python 3, the option flag will not have any effect, however when running the same test in Python 2, the segments in the full dotted name leading up to the class name are stripped away from the “expected” string.
Drop support for Python 2.6 and 3.2.
Add support for Python 3.5.
Cleaned up useless 2to3 conversion.

4.5.0 (2015-09-02)

Added meta data for test case methods created with zope.testing.doctestcase.
- Reasonable values for __name__, making sure that __name__ starts with test.
- For doctestfile methods, provide filename and filepath attributes.
The meta data us useful, for example, for selecting tests with the nose attribute mechanism.

Added doctestcase.doctestfiles

Define multiple doctest files at once.

Automatically assign test class members. So rather than:

class MYTests(unittest.TestCase):
    ...
    test_foo = doctestcase.doctestfile('foo.txt')

You can use:

@doctestcase.doctestfiles('foo.txt', 'bar.txt', ...)
class MYTests(unittest.TestCase):
    ...

4.4.0 (2015-07-16)

Added zope.testing.setupstack.mock as a convenience function for setting up mocks in tests. (The Python mock package must be in the path for this to work. The excellent mock package isn’t a dependency of zope.testing.)
Added the base class zope.testing.setupstack.TestCase to make it much easier to use zope.testing.setupstack in unittest test cases.

4.3.0 (2015-07-15)

Added support for creating doctests as methods of unittest.TestCase classes so that they can found automatically by test runners, like nose that ignore test suites.

4.2.0 (2015-06-01)

Actually remove long-deprecated zope.testing.doctest (announced as removed in 4.0.0) and zope.testing.doctestunit.
Add support for PyPy and PyPy3.

4.1.3 (2014-03-19)

Add support for Python 3.4.
Update boostrap.py to version 2.2.

4.1.2 (2013-02-19)

Adjust Trove classifiers to reflect the currently supported Python versions. Officially drop Python 2.4 and 2.5. Add Python 3.3.
LP: #1055720: Fix failing test on Python 3.3 due to changed exception messaging.

4.1.1 (2012-02-01)

Fix: Windows test failure.

4.1.0 (2012-01-29)

Add context-manager support to zope.testing.setupstack
Make zope.testing.setupstack usable with all tests, not just doctests and added zope.testing.setupstack.globs, which makes it easier to write test setup code that workes with doctests and other kinds of tests.
Add the wait module, which makes it easier to deal with non-deterministic timing issues.
Rename zope.testing.renormalizing.RENormalizing to zope.testing.renormalizing.OutputChecker. The old name is an alias.
Update tests to run with Python 3.
Label more clearly which features are supported by Python 3.
Reorganize documentation.

4.0.0 (2011-11-09)

Remove the deprecated zope.testing.doctest.
Add Python 3 support.
Fix test which fails if there is a file named Data.fs in the current working directory.

3.10.2 (2010-11-30)

Fix test of broken symlink handling to not break on Windows.

3.10.1 (2010-11-29)

Fix removal of broken symlinks on Unix.

3.10.0 (2010-07-21)

Remove zope.testing.testrunner, which now is moved to zope.testrunner.
Update fix for LP #221151 to a spelling compatible with Python 2.4.

3.9.5 (2010-05-19)

LP #579019: When layers are run in parallel, ensure that each tearDown is called, including the first layer which is run in the main thread.
Deprecate zope.testing.testrunner and zope.testing.exceptions. They have been moved to a separate zope.testrunner module, and will be removed from zope.testing in 4.0.0, together with zope.testing.doctest.

3.9.4 (2010-04-13)

LP #560259: Fix subunit output formatter to handle layer setup errors.
LP #399394: Add a --stop-on-error / --stop / -x option to the testrunner.
LP #498162: Add a --pdb alias for the existing --post-mortem / -D option to the testrunner.
LP #547023: Add a --version option to the testrunner.
Add tests for LP #144569 and #69988.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/69988

https://bugs.launchpad.net/zope3/+bug/144569

3.9.3 (2010-03-26)

Remove import of zope.testing.doctest from zope.testing.renormalizer.
Suppress output to sys.stderr in testrunner-layers-ntd.txt.
Suppress zope.testing.doctest deprecation warning when running our own test suite.

3.9.2 (2010-03-15)

Fix broken from zope.testing.doctest import *

3.9.1 (2010-03-15)

No changes; reupload to fix broken 3.9.0 release on PyPI.

3.9.0 (2010-03-12)

Modify the testrunner to use the standard Python doctest module instead of the deprecated zope.testing.doctest.
Fix testrunner-leaks.txt to use the run_internal helper, so that sys.exit isn’t triggered during the test run.
Add support for conditionally using a subunit-based output formatter upon request if subunit and testtools are available. Patch contributed by Jonathan Lange.

3.8.7 (2010-01-26)

Downgrade the zope.testing.doctest deprecation warning into a PendingDeprecationWarning.

3.8.6 (2009-12-23)

Add MANIFEST.in and reupload to fix broken 3.8.5 release on PyPI.

3.8.5 (2009-12-23)

Add back DocFileSuite, DocTestSuite, debug_src and debug BBB imports back into zope.testing.doctestunit; apparently many packages still import them from there!
Deprecate zope.testing.doctest and zope.testing.doctestunit in favor of the stdlib doctest module.

3.8.4 (2009-12-18)

Fix missing imports and undefined variables reported by pyflakes, adding tests to exercise the blind spots.
Cleaned up unused imports reported by pyflakes.
Add two new options to generate randomly ordered list of tests and to select a specific order of tests.
Allow combining RENormalizing checkers via + now: checker1 + checker2 creates a checker with the transformations of both checkers.
Fix tests under Python 2.7.

3.8.3 (2009-09-21)

Fix test failures due to using split() on filenames when running from a directory with spaces in it.
Fix testrunner behavior on Windows for -j2 (or greater) combined with -v (or greater).

3.8.2 (2009-09-15)

Remove hotshot profiler when using Python 2.6. That makes zope.testing compatible with Python 2.6

3.8.1 (2009-08-12)

Avoid hardcoding sys.argv[0] as script; allow, for instance, Zope 2’s bin/instance test (LP#407916).
Produce a clear error message when a subprocess doesn’t follow the zope.testing.testrunner protocol (LP#407916).
Avoid unnecessarily squelching verbose output in a subprocess when there are not multiple subprocesses.
Avoid unnecessarily batching subprocess output, which can stymie automated and human processes for identifying hung tests.
Include incremental output when there are multiple subprocesses and a verbosity of -vv or greater is requested. This again is not batched, supporting automated processes and humans looking for hung tests.

3.8.0 (2009-07-24)

Allow testrunner to include descendants of unittest.TestCase in test modules, which no longer need to provide test_suite().

3.7.7 (2009-07-15)

Clean up support for displaying tracebacks with supplements by turning it into an always-enabled feature and making the dependency on zope.exceptions explicit.
Fix #251759: prevent the testrunner descending into directories that aren’t Python packages.
Code cleanups.

3.7.6 (2009-07-02)

Add zope-testrunner console_scripts entry point. This exposes a zope-testrunner script with default installs allowing the testrunner to be run from the command line.

3.7.5 (2009-06-08)

Fix bug when running subprocesses on Windows.
The option REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE (command line option “-1”) is now respected even when a doctest declares its own REPORTING_FLAGS, such as REPORT_NDIFF.
Fix bug that broke readline with pdb when using doctest (see http://bugs.python.org/issue5727).
Make tests pass on Windows and Linux at the same time.

3.7.4 (2009-05-01)

Filenames of doctest examples now contain the line number and not only the example number. So a stack trace in pdb tells the exact line number of the current example. This fixes https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/339813
Colorization of doctest output correctly handles blank lines.

3.7.3 (2009-04-22)

Improve handling of rogue threads: always exit with status so even spinning daemon threads won’t block the runner from exiting. This deprecated the --with-exit-status option.

3.7.2 (2009-04-13)

Fix test failure on Python 2.4 due to slight difference in the way coverage is reported (__init__ files with only a single comment line are now not reported)
Fix bug that caused the test runner to hang when running subprocesses (as a result Python 2.3 is no longer supported).
Work around a bug in Python 2.6 (related to http://bugs.python.org/issue1303673) that causes the profile tests to fail.
Add explanitory notes to buildout.cfg about how to run the tests with multiple versions of Python

3.7.1 (2008-10-17)

The setupstack temporary directory support now properly handles read-only files by making them writable before removing them.

3.7.0 (2008-09-22)

Add alterate setuptools / distutils commands for running all tests using our testrunner. See ‘zope.testing.testrunner.eggsupport:ftest’.
Add a setuptools-compatible test loader which skips tests with layers: the testrunner used by setup.py test doesn’t know about them, and those tests then fail. See zope.testing.testrunner.eggsupport:SkipLayers.
Add support for Jython, when a garbage collector call is sent.
Add support to bootstrap on Jython.
Fix NameError in StartUpFailure.
Open doctest files in universal mode, so that packages released on Windows can be tested on Linux, for example.

3.6.0 (2008-07-10)

Add -j option to parallel tests run in subprocesses.
RENormalizer accepts plain Python callables.
Add --slow-test option.
Add --no-progress and --auto-progress options.
Complete refactoring of the test runner into multiple code files and a more modular (pipeline-like) architecture.
Unify unit tests with the layer support by introducing a real unit test layer.
Add a doctest for zope.testing.module. There were several bugs that were fixed:
- README.txt was a really bad default argument for the module name, as it is not a proper dotted name. The code would immediately fail as it would look for the txt module in the README package. The default is now __main__.
- The tearDown function did not clean up the __name__ entry in the global dictionary.
Fix a bug that caused a SubprocessError to be generated if a subprocess sent any output to stderr.
Fix a bug that caused the unit tests to be skipped if run in a subprocess.

3.5.1 (2007-08-14)

Invoke post-mortem debugging for layer-setup failures.

3.5.0 (2007-07-19)

Ensure that the test runner works on Python 2.5.
Add support for cProfile.
Add output colorizing (-c option).
Add --hide-secondary-failures and --show-secondary-failures options (https://bugs.launchpad.net/zope3/+bug/115454).
Fix some problems with Unicode in doctests.
Fix “Error reading from subprocess” errors on Unix-like systems.

3.4 (2007-03-29)

Add exit-with-status support (supports use with buildbot and zc.recipe.testing)
Add a small framework for automating set up and tear down of doctest tests. See setupstack.txt.
Allow testrunner-wo-source.txt and testrunner-errors.txt to run within a read-only source tree.

3.0 (2006-09-20)

Update the doctest copy with text-file encoding support.
Add logging-level support to the loggingsuppport module.
At verbosity-level 1, dots are not output continuously, without any line breaks.
Improve output when the inability to tear down a layer causes tests to be run in a subprocess.
Make zope.exception required only if the zope_tracebacks extra is requested.
Fix the test coverage. If a module, for example interfaces, was in an ignored directory/package, then if a module of the same name existed in a covered directory/package, then it was also ignored there, because the ignore cache stored the result by module name and not the filename of the module.

2.0 (2006-01-05)

Release a separate project corresponding to the version of zope.testing shipped as part of the Zope 3.2.0 release.

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5.0.1

Dec 20, 2022

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