AlbusIonosphere 1.0.0

This software determines the ionosphere total electron content (TEC) over any location on the Earth as a function of location and time. It then uses the TEC and a model of the Earth's magnetc field to compute the ionosphere's effect on the Faraday Rotion Meaure (RM) observed for an astronomical radio source. The ionosphere's contribution to the RM can then be renoved. The software may be of interest to both radio astronomers and to ionosphere scientists. Test observations suggest that our analysis gives results consistent with those found by on-site site experiments that used local GPS receivers.

The software derives the TEC of the ionosphere by using publicly available observation data of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. It searches through a database of several thousand ground-based GPS receivers and then gets GPS receiver data from those stations located within a specified distance of the position of the telescope being used for the radio astronomy observation.

In principle, the Faraday rotation angle is a function of source direction and antenna position, but Faraday rotation is usually a large-scale effect and it may have approximately the same value across an entire telescope primary beam field of view (perhaps about one degree). For arrays smaller than a few kilometres, the rotation angle will usually also be the same for all stations. These assumptions reduce the number of independent parameters considerably, but they may break down as the observing wavelength gets longer due to the wavelength squared effect and increasing field of view, as well as when telescope arrays have longer baselines.

In reality, from the ground we usually cannot directly measure the distribution of the electrons along the line of sight nor directly measure the magnetic field strength as a function of position and direction. In order to calculate a rotation measure, many routines place all the electrons at some "standard" height and attach a magnetic field value from a model of the terrestrial field. In contrast, the software that we describe goes beyond this simple algorithm by distributing the electrons along the line of sight taking into account modern understanding of ionospheric physics, and employs a model of the terrestrial magnetic field that accounts for change of intensity and direction with height.

The software makes extensive use of python scripts and should work with both python2 and python3.

You need to install pycurl, astropy, pyephem or python casacore, numpy and matplotlib for the system to work. A number of support programs to handle RINEX files are also needed. These programs are specified in the INSTALL file.

More sites (especially Geosciences Australia) are now producing only RINEX3 files. For analysis, we use RINEX2 files. To convert RINEX3 to RINEX2 you need to get and install gfzrnx, available from https://gnss.gfz-potsdam.de/services/gfzrnx and RX3name (see http://acc.igs.org/software.html) Unfortunately these programs seem to be available only in binary format.

Unfortunately, due to security concerns, sites are also changing access methods from simple anonymous ftp to more secure procedures such as sftp etc and we are currently working on modifying our access procedures to reach such sites. secure access procedures

A somewhat more detained description of the software is given in the, as yet, unpublished paper twillis_ALBUS_paper.pdf available in this directory.

Installation

We strongly recommend using a clean python virtual environment for the installation process and advise against installing this package into system folders as the installation process may not currently be fully reversable without manual intervention.

1. Clone this branch (if you haven’t already):

   git clone git@github.com:ratt-ru/ALBUS_ionosphere.git
   

2. Navigate into the project directory:

   cd ALBUS_ionosphere
   

3. Create and activate Python virtual environment

   python -m venv albus_env
   source albus_env/bin/activate    
   

4. Install the package:

   pip install .
   

Editable (-e) installations are not currently supported

Note that the user still needs to compile and install RINEXCMP and have gfzrnx and RX3name in the PATH before running